1、考博英语模拟试卷 289及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 His career_in his appointment as director. （ A） contaminated （ B） culminated （ C） contracted （ D） contacted 2 We are convinced that we are on the_of an important discovery. （ A） threshold （ B） household （ C） thread （ D） entrance 3 If we say something
2、is_, we mean that we find it extremely pleasant or enjoyable. （ A） gracious （ B） gloomy （ C） gigantic （ D） gorgeous 4 The trucks_heavy goods from factories to the ports. （ A） pull （ B） haul （ C） drag （ D） push 5 The girl_when she couldnt answer the question in the presence of all her classmates. （ A
3、） flourished （ B） flattered （ C） flushed （ D） fluttered 6 A_translation is not always the closest to the original meaning. （ A） liberal （ B） literal （ C） literary （ D） literate 7 She_herself bitterly for her behavior that evening. （ A） blamed （ B） accused （ C） reproached （ D） scolded 8 The students
4、are attracted by the_of the snow-covered mountains when they look out of the train. （ A） notability （ B） nobility （ C） majesty （ D） visibility 9 The flowers in the vase_because they had no water. （ A） withered （ B） wrinkled （ C） ripened （ D） prospered 10 She_some salt on her food to make it taste be
5、tter. （ A） sprinkled （ B） sprayed （ C） scattered （ D） dispersed 11 The hum of conversation_as the chairman mounted the rostrum. （ A） died out （ B） died off （ C） died of （ D） died away 12 The old man was remarkably_. He was a musician, engineer, writer and philosopher. （ A） unilateral （ B） universal
6、（ C） audacious （ D） versatile 13 Living in poverty, John sold for 500 dollars the_of his mothers first work which made her famous. （ A） document （ B） file （ C） duplicate （ D） manuscript 14 My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has_. （ A） deteriorated （ B） diminished （ C） dwindled
7、 （ D） lessened 15 He didnt notice me in the crowd; but he spotted my sister who was_because of her red hair. （ A） conscious （ B） conspicuous （ C） dim （ D） conscientious 16 The company used so much coal that it has a train to _ the delivery process. （ A） transmit （ B） transport （ C） facilitate （ D） d
8、iminish 17 Asian economic crisis has only a_effect on the lives of Chinese people. （ A） discrete （ B） massive （ C） marginal （ D） subordinate 18 The continuous unrest was_the nations economy. （ A） exaggerating （ B） aggravating （ C） amending （ D） fastening 19 Should the death penalty be_? （ A） abolish
9、ed （ B） abandoned （ C） eliminated （ D） omitted 20 As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or_than other people, but as scientists, they attach special value to honesty while they are in their working sphere. （ A） ethical （ B） ethnic （ C） aesthetic （ D） esthetic 二、 Reading Comprehe
10、nsion 20 Opinion polls are now beginning to show that whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions
11、 about the future of work. Would we continue to treat employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the hou
12、sehold and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work p
13、atterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought, but, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th
14、centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and the
15、n by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived. Meanwhile employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productiv
16、e work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes
17、. It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has
18、certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs. 21 Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that_. （ A） available employment should be restrict
19、ed to a small percentage of the population （ B） new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures （ C） available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployed （ D） the nowadays high unemployment figures are a truth of life 22 The arrival of the industrial age i
20、n our historical evolution meant that_. （ A） universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperity （ B） economic freedom came within everyones control （ C） patterns of work were fundamentally changed （ D） peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed 23 The effects of almost universal employment were
21、overwhelming in that_. （ A） the household and village community disappeared completely （ B） men now traveled enormous distances to their places of work （ C） the work status of those not in paid employment suffered （ D） young and old people became superfluous components of society 24 The article conc
22、ludes that_. （ A） the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility （ B） men now traveled enormous distances to their places of work （ C） people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skill （ D） we should help those whose jobs are only part time 24 Most episodes of absent-mindedne
23、ss forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply. “ Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a
24、 major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in
25、 your wardrobe. “Your memory itself isnt failing you,“ says Schacter. “Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed. “ Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a le
26、tter in the mailbox. “ Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,“ he cautions. If you want to
27、 remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket. Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking
28、about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,“ says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll likely remember. 25 Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important? （ A） It helps us understand our memory system b
29、etter. （ B） It enables us to recall something from our memory. （ C） It expands our memory capacity considerably. （ D） It slows down the process of losing our memory. 26 One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that_. （ A） they have a wider range of interests （ B） they are more
30、reliant on the environment （ C） they have an unusual power of focusing their attention （ D） they are more interested in whats happening around them 27 A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because_. （ A） it will easily get lost （ B） its not clear enough for you to read （ C） its out of
31、your sight （ D） it might get mixed up with other things 28 What do we learn from the last paragraph? （ A） If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another. （ B） Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment. （ C） Repetition helps improve our memory. （ D） If we keep forgetting
32、things, wed better return to where we were. 29 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） The process of gradual memory loss. （ B） The causes of absent-mindedness. （ C） The impact of the environment on memory. （ D） A way of encoding and recalling. 29 Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk a
33、bout how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high tax
34、es. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country. “ Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care,
35、 retraining programs, job seminars Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Acade
36、my to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little,“ and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a l
37、evel gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recy-clers about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation
38、of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere. “ So, of course, ones heart lifts
39、at any sighting of Danish sleazy: skinhead graffiti on buildings(“Foreigners Out of Denmark!“), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is
40、 a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a. m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a. m. -for-the-green-light pe
41、ople thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is(though one should not say it)that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limit
42、ed manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic Sta
43、tes, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of
44、 alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shou
45、ldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high un
46、employment and social unrest without a sense of crisis. 30 The author thinks that Danes adopt a_attitude towards their country. （ A） boastful （ B） modest （ C） deprecating （ D） mysterious 31 Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage? （ A） Fondness of foreign culture.
47、（ B） Equality in society. （ C） Linguistic tolerance. （ D） Persistent planning. 32 The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is_. （ A） disapproving （ B） approving （ C） noncommittal （ D） doubtful 33 According to the passage, Danish orderliness_. （ A） sets the peopl
48、e apart from Germans and Swedes （ B） spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples （ C） is considered economically essential to the country （ D） prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles 34 At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that_. （ A） Danes are cl
49、early informed of their social benefits （ B） Danes take for granted what is given to them （ C） the open system helps to tide the country over （ D） orderliness has alleviated unemployment 34 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons
