1、考博英语模拟试卷 42及答案与解析 一、 Grammar 1 In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household. （ A） appearance （ B） popularity （ C） dominance （ D） consolidation 2 The judge remained sober despite th
2、e lawyers ludicrous attempt to prove the defendants innocence. （ A） sad （ B） sorry （ C） serious （ D） surprised 3 A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract. （ A） perpetual （ B） pernicious （ C） preventive （ D）
3、 prevalent 4 Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her fathers new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helens mother. （ A） sympathy （ B） concession （ C） compassion （ D） hostility 5 California seems to be the home of the homeless since many are often observed tramping alon
4、g railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities. （ A） roaming （ B） trimming （ C） stealing （ D） stamping 6 On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a frantic competition for last minute gifts. （ A） busted （ B） soared （ C） filled （ D） broadened 7 The
5、 blunder of Argentinas goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil. （ A） triumph （ B） beat （ C） mistake （ D） struggle 8 The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming. （ A） intell
6、igent （ B） ingenious （ C） adroit （ D） naive 9 The low interest rates on banks loans provided an impetus for many to buy homes. （ A） incentive （ B） obstacle （ C） reason （ D） delay 10 It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of funds for stem cell research. （
7、A） reference （ B） contradiction （ C） explanation （ D） rejection 11 Tim is dubious about diet pills which advertise quick weight less. （ A） anxious （ B） pessimistic （ C） doubtful （ D） ignorant 12 If the salesmen are not given tangible benefits for a high volume of sales, they will loose their motivat
8、ion. （ A） substantial （ B） psychological （ C） spiritual （ D） profitable 13 Many people in Wales have an affinity with music. （ A） reputation for （ B） solubility in （ C） tincture in （ D） attraction to 14 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar. （ A） hidden （ B） sophist
9、icated （ C） delicate （ D） profound 15 A rapid portfolio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains. （ A） prohibit （ B） lag （ C） prevent （ D） reject 二、 Error Identification 16 There was (a pause of) complete stillness (which) the (buzzing of) the bees among the pink roses sounded (as loud
10、 as) the fight of an aircraft. （ A） a pause of （ B） which （ C） buzzing of （ D） as loud as 17 This discrepancy (was intriguing to) Alfred Wegener, a young geologist (working in) Greenland in 19He thought (the error) too great to be (accounted) easily. （ A） was intriguing to （ B） working in （ C） the e
11、rror （ D） accounted 18 From (such data) Wegener developed his floating continents theory. He envisioned an original super continent that crystallized (of) molten material (making up) the infant earth, eventually the mass (cracked) and broke into several pieces-the present c （ A） such data （ B） of （
12、C） making up （ D） cracked 19 The subject may be (approached in) several directions, but (the scene) cannot be fully appreciated (from) any (one vantage) point. （ A） approached in （ B） the scene （ C） from （ D） one vantage 20 When we (think of) creative people the names that probably (spring to mind)
13、are (those of) men such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, great artists, inventors and scientists (a selective) and exception ally gifted body of men with rare talent and ge （ A） think of （ B） spring to mind （ C） those of （ D） a selective 21 (A favorite story) among (acoustic) exports (concerns wit
14、h) a noisy long Island suburb where, every day and night, huge trucks (rumbled down) a freeway. （ A） A favorite story （ B） acoustic （ C） concerns with （ D） rumbled down 22 Though the wide universe is full of good, kernel of flourishing com can come to (man) (only through) his own toil (bestowed) tha
15、t plot of ground which is given him (to till). （ A） man （ B） only through （ C） bestowed （ D） to till 23 Society is a (joint-stock) company, in which the members agree, (for) the better (securing of) bread for each shareholder, (to surrender to) the liberty and culture of each individual. （ A） joint-
16、stock （ B） for （ C） securing of （ D） to surrender to 三、 Structure and Vocabulary 24 He was _ with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 years. （ A） induced （ B） inflicted （ C） inserted （ D） integrated 25 Every person on the sales team is _ because they work together well
17、. （ A） incompatible （ B） incredible （ C） indefinite （ D） indispensable 26 The secretary wants to _ all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party. （ A） enlighten （ B） enlist （ C） enable （ D） enclose 27 To be a successful criminal, one must be _. （ A） empirical （ B） emigrant
18、 （ C） elegant （ D） elusive 28 The low operating costs of the foreign company will _ the high labor costs the business pays in its own country. （ A） offend （ B） obstruct （ C） oblige （ D） offset 29 Despite the fact that they were _ when they married, after 30 years they live together harmoniously. （ A
19、） contradictory （ B） incompatible （ C） contrary （ D） compatible 30 Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant _ with a satisfactory solution for both countries. （ A） intercepted （ B） interacted （ C） i
20、nterpreted （ D） intervened 31 was given by the committee to all of those who donated money. （ A） Recognition （ B） Attention （ C） Tribute （ D） Acknowledgement 32 Most of the waiters are _ in their work because the owner of the restaurant does not pay them on tinge. （ A） rack （ B） tack （ C） slack （ D）
21、 stack 33 It was their _ decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship. （ A） compulsory （ B） deliberate （ C） carefree （ D） modest 34 She _ scarlet fever when she was a baby and lost her eyesight. （ A） distorted （ B） contracted （ C） subtracted （ D） distracted 35 She is
22、 _ to sprain her ankle because it is weak from 3 previous pains. （ A） prone （ B） disposed （ C） bound （ D） destined 36 Little boys seem to enjoy _ train sets more than little girls. （ A） capture （ B） departure （ C） fixture （ D） miniature 37 Many skiers _ around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the
23、 evenings. （ A） pad （ B） pack （ C） squeeze （ D） cluster 38 A stateless young man may have felt _ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries. （ A） intrigued （ B） initiated （ C） indicated （ D） intimidated 39 The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of
24、stock include sudden downturns in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, _ the interest rates in Washington, and _ undercapitalized. （ A） loosing . fearing the company may still be （ B） loosening . a fear of the company still being （ C） a loosening of . fearing that
25、 the company may still be （ D） a loosening of . a fear that the company may still be 40 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central-city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to any future need for busing. （ A） significant increases in housing integration
26、, which, in turn, reduces （ B） significant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reduces （ C） increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduces （ D） increases housing integration significantly, which, in mm, reduce 41 _ in the United States （ A） Three out of every four
27、 automobile owners . also own a bicycle （ B） Out of every four, three automobile owners . also owns a bicycle （ C） Three out of every four automobile owners . owns bicycles （ D） Out of every four owners of automobiles . bicycles are also owned by three 42 The relationship between corpulence and dise
28、ase remains controversial, although statistics clearly _ reduced life expectancy _ chronic obesity. （ A） associate a. to （ B） associates a. with （ C） associates . to （ D） associate a. with 43 For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than _ （ A） they originally s
29、eemed （ B） they originally seem to （ C） they seemingly would cost originally （ D） they seemed originally 44 a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than _. （ A） In Holland, it costs . the spending on military defense in the United States （ B） In Hol
30、land they spendhe United States does on military defense （ C） Holland spends . the military defense spending of the United States （ D） Holland spends . the United States does on military defense 45 Distinguished architecture requires the expenditure of large sums of money, even if it is by no means
31、certain _ the expenditure of large sums of money distinguished architecture. （ A） that . produce （ B） of. will produce （ C） that . produces （ D） as to . producing 四、 Reading Comprehension 45 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practic
32、es. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental contro
33、l? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself? A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its e
34、ffect upon others the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perjury,“ we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. 0nly properties of behavior which are ave
35、rsive to others are mentioned in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a cons
36、equence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of
37、 the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a role of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn “rule“ behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government
38、of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order
39、to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the
40、agency. The advantages gained when the individual is “not under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its de
41、fects. 46 In the development of a government agency, _. （ A） The standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment （ B） the function of law is important （ C） the study of ordinance is the most important （ D） practice is more important than crit
42、erion 47 One of the prominent characteristics of a law is _. （ A） the result on the individuals behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised （ B） the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency （ C） the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens （ D） both A and B 48
43、 What does the example “committed perjury“ illustrate? （ A） The law will examine closely what the individual said in court. （ B） It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others. （ C） Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be expli
44、citly specified by law. （ D） Both B and C 49 The other distinguishing trait of the law is _. （ A） punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels （ B） rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control （ C） a system of rules go
45、verning a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature （ D） any governmental reinforcement 50 Why are laws formed? （ A） laws are made before a contingency （ B） Laws are made after a contingency （ C） A contingency always happens before a law is approved and passed （ D） laws are passed to stand the
46、 test of time and are applicable to other similar circumstances in the future 51 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents? （ A） The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively （ B） Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions （ C） Occasionally,
47、governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit （ D） laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence 51 If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons the proportion in which different
48、 sorts of goods and services are provided will be changed. Expensive luxuries will give place to more necessary articles, rare wines to meat and bread, new machines and factories to clothes and improved small dwellings; and there will be other changes of a like sort. In view of this fact, it is inex
49、act to speak of a change in the distribution of the dividend in favor of, or adverse to, the poor. There is not a single definitely constituted heap of things coming into being each year and distributed now in one way, now in another. In fact, there is no such thing as the dividend from the point of view of both of two years, and therefore, there can be no such thing as a change in its distribution. This, however, is a point of words rather than of sub
