1、考博英语模拟试卷 55及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household. （ A） appearance （ B） popularity （ C） dominance （ D） consolidation 2 The judge remained
2、 sober despite the lawyer s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant s innocence. （ A） sad （ B） sorry （ C） serious （ D） surprised 3 A pervasive negative attitude of the engineers toward projects funded by his company is the cause of the delay of signing the contract. （ A） perpetual （ B） pernicious （
3、 C） preventive （ D） prevalent 4 Helen could not help feeling antipathy toward her fathers new wife whom he married just two months after the death of Helen s mother. （ A） sympathy （ B） concession （ C） compassion （ D） hostility 5 California seems to be the home of the homeless since many are often ob
4、served tramping along railroad tracks and through the downtown areas of the cities. （ A） roaming （ B） trimming （ C） stealing （ D） stamping 6 On Christmas Eve in America the shopping malls are saturated with shoppers in a frantic competition for last minute gifts. （ A） bustled （ B） soared （ C） filled
5、 （ D） broadened 7 The blunder of Argentina s goalie cost them the game in the match against Brazil. （ A） triumph （ B） beat （ C） mistake （ D） struggle. 8 The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to b
6、e charming. （ A） intelligent （ B） ingenious （ C） adroit （ D） naive 9 The low interest rates on banks loans provided an impetus for many to buy homes. （ A） incentive （ B） obstacle （ C） reason （ D） delay 10 It was an allusion to what the scientist thought was an inappropriate distribution of funds for
7、 stem cell research. （ A） reference （ B） contradiction （ C） explanation （ D） rejection 11 Tim is dubious about diet pills which advertise quick weight loss. （ A） anxious （ B） pessimistic （ C） doubtful （ D） ignorant 12 If the salesmen are not given tangible benefits for a high volume of sales, they w
8、ill loose their motivation. （ A） substantial （ B） psychological （ C） spiritual （ D） profitable 13 Many people in Wales have an affinity with music. （ A） reputation for （ B） solubility in （ C） tincture in （ D） attraction to 14 His talent for music remained latent until his wife bought him a guitar. （
9、 A） hidden （ B） sophisticated （ C） delicate （ D） profound 15 A rapid portfolio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains. （ A） prohibit （ B） lag （ C） prevent （ D） reject 16 He was_ with the deadly disease when he was 14, and has suffered with it for 10 years. （ A） induced （ B） inflicted
10、 （ C） inserted （ D） integrated 17 Every person on the sales team is_because they work together well. （ A） incompatible （ B） incredible （ C） indefinite （ D） indispensable 18 The secretary wants to _all the file clerks to make preparations for the company Christmas party. （ A） enlighten （ B） enlist （
11、C） enable. （ D） enclose 19 To be a successful criminal, one must be_. （ A） empirical （ B） emigrant （ C） elegant （ D） elusive 20 The low operating costs of the foreign company will_the high labor costs the business pays in its own country. （ A） offend （ B） obstruct （ C） oblige （ D） offset 21 Despite
12、the fact that they were _when they married, alter 30 years they live together harmoniously. （ A） contradictory （ B） incompatible （ C） contrary （ D） compatible 22 Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accoun
13、tant_with a satisfactory solution for both countries. （ A） intercepted （ B） interacted （ C） interpreted （ D） intervened 23 _was given by the committee to all of those who donated money. （ A） Recognition （ B） Attention （ C） Tribute （ D） Acknowledgement 24 Most of the waiters are_in their work because
14、 the owner of the restaurant does not pay them on time. （ A） rack （ B） tack （ C） slack （ D） stack 25 It was their_decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship. （ A） compulsory （ B） deliberate （ C） carefree （ D） modest 26 She _scarlet fever when she was a baby and los
15、t her eyesight. （ A） distorted （ B） contracted （ C） subtracted （ D） distracted 27 She is _ to sprain her ankle because it is weak from 3 previous pains. （ A） prone （ B） disposed （ C） bound （ D） destined 28 Little hoys seem to enjoy_train sets more than little girls. （ A） capture （ B） departure （ C）
16、fixture （ D） miniature 29 Many skiers_around the fire and drink hot chocolate in the evenings. （ A） pad （ B） pack （ C） squeeze （ D） cluster 30 A stateless young man may have felt _after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries. （ A） intrigued （ B） initiated （ C） indicated （
17、 D） intimidated 二、 Grammar 31 There was (a pause of) complete stillness (which) the (buzzing of) the bees among the pink loses sounded (as loud as) the fight of an aircraft. （ A） a pause of （ B） which （ C） buzzing of （ D） as loud as 32 This discrepancy (was intriguing to) Alfred Wegener, a young geo
18、logist (working in) Greenland in 19He thought (the error) too great to be (accounted) easily. （ A） as loud as （ B） working in （ C） the error （ D） accounted 33 From (such data) Wegener developed his floating continents theory. He envisioned an original super continent that crystallized(of) molten mat
19、erial (making up) the infant earth, eventually the mass (cracked) and broke into several pieces the present continents. （ A） such data （ B） of （ C） making up （ D） cracked 34 The subject may be (approached in) several directions, but (the scene) cannot be fully appreciated (from) any (one vantage) po
20、int. （ A） approached in （ B） the scene （ C） from （ D） one vantage 35 When we (think of) creative people the names that probably (spring to mind) are (those of) men such as Albert Einstein, Pablo Picasso, great artists, inventors and scientists (a selective) and exceptionally gifted body of men with
21、rare talent and genius. （ A） think of （ B） spring to mind （ C） those of （ D） a selective 36 (A favorite story) among (acoustic) experts (concerns with) a noisy Long Island suburb where, every day and night, huge trucks (rumbled down) a freeway. （ A） A favorite story （ B） acoustic （ C） concerns with
22、（ D） rumbled down 37 Though the wide universe is full of good, kernel of nourishing corn can come to(man) (only through) his own toil (bestowed) that plot of ground which is given him (bestowed). （ A） man （ B） only through （ C） bestowed （ D） bestowed 38 Society is a (joint-stock) company, in which t
23、he members agree, (for) the better (securing of) broad for each shareholder, (to surrender to)the liberty and culture of each individual. （ A） joint-stock （ B） for （ C） securing of （ D） to surrender to 39 The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock include sudden downturns
24、in the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, _the interest rates in Washington, and _undercapitalized. （ A） loosing fearing the company may still be （ B） loosening a fear of the company still being （ C） a loosening of fearing that the company may still be （ D） a loosen
25、ing of . a fear that the company may still be 40 School integration plans that involve busing between suburban and central city areas have contributed, according to a recent study, to_any future need for busing. （ A） significant increases in housing integration, which, in turn, reduces （ B） signific
26、ant integration increases in housing, which, in turn, reduces （ C） increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduces （ D） increases housing integration significantly, which, in turn, reduce 41 _in the United States （ A） Three out of every four automobile owners also own a bicycle
27、（ B） Out of every four, three automobile owners also owns a bicycle （ C） Three out of every four automobile owners owns bicycles （ D） Out of every four owners of automobiles bicycles are also owned by three 42 The relationship between corpulence and disease remains controversial, although statistics
28、 clearly _reduced life expectancy_chronic obesity. （ A） associate a. to （ B） associates a. with （ C） associates. to （ D） associate a. with 43 For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than_. （ A） they originally seemed （ B） they originally seem to （ C） they seemi
29、ngly would cost originally （ D） they seemed originally 44 _a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than_. （ A） In Holland, it costs. the spending on military defense in the United States （ B） In Holland they spend. the United States does on military
30、 defense （ C） Holland spends. the military defense spending of the United States （ D） Holland spends . the United States does on military defense 45 Distinguished architecture requires the expenditure of large sums of money, even if it is by no means certain _the expenditure of large sums of money_d
31、istinguished architecture. （ A） that produce （ B） of will produce （ C） that produces （ D） as to producing 三、 Reading Comprehension 45 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerne
32、d with the codes and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some bearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behav
33、ior of the controllee and of the members of the governmental agency itself? A law usually has two important features, in the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others the effect that is the object of govern
34、mental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has “committed perjury,“ we are not told what he has actually said. “Robbery“ and “assault“ do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned in perjury the lack of a cu
35、stomary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of
36、 a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practic
37、es and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn “rule“ behavior. The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the
38、practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or “enforce“ contingencies of governmental co
39、ntrol, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is “not
40、 under man but under law“ have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects. 46 In the development of a government agency, _ .
41、（ A） The standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment （ B） the function of law is important （ C） the study of ordinance is the most important （ D） practice is more important than criterion 47 One of the prominent characteristics of a law i
42、s_ . （ A） the result on the individual s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised （ B） the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency （ C） the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens （ D） both A and B 48 What does the example “committed perjury“ illustrate?
43、（ A） The law will examine closely what the individual said in court. （ B） It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others. （ C） Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law. （ D） Both B and C 49 The other
44、distinguishing trait of the law is _ . （ A） punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels （ B） rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control （ C） a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nat
45、ure （ D） any governmental reinforcement 50 Why are laws formed? （ A） Laws are made before a contingency. （ B） Laws arc made after a contingency. （ C） A contingency always happens before a law is approved and passed. （ D） Laws are passed to stand the test of time and are applicable to other similar c
46、ircumstances in the future. 51 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents? （ A） The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively. （ B） Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions. （ C） Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct o
47、r adapt a law for their benefit. （ D） Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence. 51 If income is transferred from rich persons to poor persons the proportion in which different sorts of goods and services are provided will
48、 be changed. Expensive luxuries will give place to more necessary articles, rare wines to meat and bread, new machines and factories to clothes and improved small dwellings; and there will be other changes of a like sort. In view of this fact, it is inexact to speak of a change in the distribution o
49、f the dividend in favor of, or adverse to, the poor. There is not a single definitely constituted heap of things coming into being each year and distributed now in one way, now in another. In fact, there is no such thing as the dividend from the point of view of both of two years, and therefore, there can be no such thing as a change in its distribution. This, however, is a point of words rather than of substance. What I mean when I sa
