1、考博英语模拟试卷 65及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to “foster, assist and sustain an interest“ in literature, music, and art. （ A） grow （ B） promote （ C） maintain （ D） survive 2 Mass transporta
2、tion revised the social and economic, fabric of the American city in many ways so as to permit an easy row of traffic. （ A） texture （ B） textile （ C） network （ D） structure 3 People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation s
3、economy would bring about social chaos. （ A） occupied （ B） overwhelmed （ C） obliged （ D） obsessed 4 The announcement of the death of their beloved leader caused thereafter a feeling of great despair to their lives. （ A） perpetuate （ B） penetrate （ C） persist （ D） persecute 5 Henry David Thoreau used
4、 to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854). （ A） roam （ B） linger （ C） wonder （ D） browse 6 Without a(n) liberal supply of necessary equipment and materials, the mountain-climbers would not have been able to scale the heights and reach the top in such bad weather
5、. （ A） lenient （ B） free （ C） casual （ D） abundant 7 It is a general belief in American society that Asian or Asian-American parents are able to instill into their children a much greater incentive to work. （ A） encouragement （ B） motivation （ C） inducement （ D） inspiration 8 But many in the commiss
6、ion are well aware of such needs, and are seeking to address them. （ A） thriving （ B） striking （ C） scrambling （ D） striving 9 Some would consider such speech an infringement of good mariners whereas others would not. （ A） an example （ B） a violation （ C） an insult （ D） an indication 10 Wherever two
7、 or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincidental relationship between them. （ A） vestiges （ B） residues （ C） characteristics （ D） figures 11 Samples of this article will be sent to you free _. （ A） of accord （ B） on request （ C） f
8、or payment （ D） in advance 12 For instance, the public may not fully understand the physical principles behind lasers, but it clearly can appreciate the extraordinary medical benefits _ this technology. （ A） as a result of （ B） that result in （ C） the result of which is in （ D） resulting from 13 Tel
9、ecommuting, _ the computer for the trip to the job, has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. （ A） substitutes （ B） substitution of （ C） substituting （ D） to substitute for 14 _ if he is willing to fit in with the plans of our group. （ A） There is no objection on
10、 him joining the party （ B） There is no objection to him joining the party （ C） I have no objection to his joining us in the party （ D） I do not object to him to join the party 15 The impact of Thoreau s On the Duty of Civil Disobedience might not have been so far reaching _ for Elizabeth Peabody, w
11、ho dared to publish the controversial essay. （ A） it not being （ B） if it has not been （ C） if it were not （ D） had it not been 16 Those regions inhabited mostly by national minorities in the Northwest of the country are retarded in terms of social progress and economic development _ the coastal pro
12、vinces. （ A） in relevance to （ B） in conformity with （ C） in relation to （ D） in accordance with 17 According to some psychologists, in developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent _ motivation. （ A） of （ B） on （ C） upon
13、（ D） in 18 Scientists, like other people, are always pleased to have their own ideas _. （ A） validating （ B） to be validated （ C） validated （ D） being validated 19 Our visual perception depends on the reception of energy reflecting or radiating from _ which we wish to perceive. （ A） it （ B） these （
14、C） that （ D） those 20 Costs for regulation of business actually are a hidden tax severely reducing the competitive ness of domestic businesses _ when they face an increasingly global marketplace. （ A） on occasions （ B） at a time （ C） under the circumstances （ D） at once 二、 Proofreading 20 Aesthetics
15、 is broader in scope than the philosophy of art, which comprises one of its branches.【 21】 It deals not only with the nature and value of the arts but also with responses to natural objects that find expressions in the language of the beautiful and the ugly.【 22】 A problem is encountered in the outs
16、et, however, for terms such as beautiful and ugly seem too vague in their application.【 23】 Almost anything might be seen as beautiful by someone or from some point of view; and different people apply the word to quite disparate objects for reasons that often seem having little or nothing in common.
17、【 24】 It may be that there is some single underlying believe that motivates all of their judgments.【 25】 It may also be, however, that the term beautiful has no sense except as the expression of an attitude, which is in return attached by different people to quite different state of affairs. 【 26】 M
18、oreover, in spite of the emphasis lay by philosophers on the terms beautiful and ugly, it is far from evident that they are the most important or most useful either in the discussion and criticism of art or in the description of that which appeals to us in nature.【 27】 Conveying what is significant
19、in a poem, we might use such terms as ironical, moving, expressive, balanced, and harmonious.【 28】 Likewise, in describing a favorite stretch of countryside, we may find more useful for peaceful, soft, atmospheric, harsh, and evocative, than for beautiful.【 29】 The least that should be said is that
20、beautiful belongs to a class of terms from that it has been chosen as much for convenience sake as for any other things.【 30】 After all, then, how should a philosopher study in order to understand such idea as beauty and taste? 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 One of the most authoritative voices speakin
21、g to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamor dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the roadside billboards
22、all day and lashes messages to us in colored lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of lite successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales. Advertising has been among England s biggest growth industries since the war, in t
23、erms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all the fantastic expenditure? Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without
24、 worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it ap
25、peal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness. If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover. Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. An
26、d manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alternation seems called for as to how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of chang
27、ing the product itself. The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, in all, is the skill of getting people to believe in and contri
28、bute money t6 something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, jus
29、t one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for Medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients to believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly w
30、hat they need to put them right, just as advertising does-“ Run down? You need.“ “No one will dance with you? A little of. will make you popular“. Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamppost-for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to app
31、ear like an unimpeachable authority, or, failing that, they will even by happy with the announcement. “As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television.“ Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest tricks uncovered almost as much as anyone else. 31 According to the passa
32、ge, modern advertising is “authoritative“ because of the way it _. （ A） influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be like （ B） interferes with the privacy of home life （ C） continually forces us into buying things （ D） distracts us no matter where we are 32 The forms of advertising ment
33、ioned in the first paragraph would have least impact _. （ A） in the rush hours （ B） during working hours （ C） before working hours （ D） after working hours 33 According to the passage, customers are attracted to a product because it appears to _. （ A） have a sufficiently attractive design （ B） offer
34、 good value for money spent on it （ C） fulfill the manufacturers claims （ D） satisfy their personal needs 34 The advertising man is said to share with the Church, Bar, and Medicine the ability to _. （ A） convince people of the truth （ B） win people s confidence （ C） accept people s prejudices （ D） e
35、xploit people s fears 35 The advertisers _. （ A） know deep down what they want （ B） are interested in what is being designed （ C） are indifferent to what is being advertised （ D） are uncritical and easily influenced 35 At a time Jane Austins novels were published-between 181l and 1818-English litera
36、ture was not part of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religions and political groups felt novels had the power to make so-called immoral characters so interesting that young readers would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be o
37、f little practical use. Even Cole Ridge, certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that “novel-reading occasions the destruction of the mind s powers.“ These attitudes toward novels help explain why Austin received little attention from early nineteenth-century literary crit
38、ics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely to receive much critical attention. ) The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as incisive as twentieth-century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals “outside of ordinar
39、y experience“, for example, Walter Scott made an insightful remark about the merits of Austin s fiction. Her novels, he wrote, “present to the reader an accurate and exact picture of ordinary everyday people and places, reminiscent of seventeenth-century Flemish Painting.“ Scott did not use the word
40、 “realism“, but he undoubtedly used a standard of realistic probability in judging novels. The critic Whately did not use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with Scott s evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called Austin s realis
41、tic method. Her characters, wrote Whately, are persuasive a gents for moral truth since they are ordinary persons “so clearly evoked that we feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own.“ Moral instruction, explained Whately, is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably
42、human and interesting characters than when imparted by a sermonizing narrator. Whately especially praised Austin s ability to create characters who “mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life they are always mingled.“ Whately concluded his remarks by comparing Austin s art of char
43、acterization to Dickens , stating his preference for Austin s. Yet the response of nineteenth-century literary critics to Austin was not always so laudatory, and often anticipated the reservations of twentieth-century critics. An example of such a response was Lewes complaint in 1859 that Austin s r
44、ange of subjects and characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too often upon only the unlofty and the commonplace. (Twentieth-century Marxists, on the other hand, were to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper
45、-middle class. ) In any case, having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austin steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial. 36 The primary purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） demonstr
46、ate the nineteenth-century preference for realistic novels rather than romantic ones （ B） explain why Jane Austin s novels were not included in any academic curriculum in tile early nineteenth century （ C） urge a reassessment of Jane Austin s novels by twentieth-century critics （ D） describe some of
47、 the responses of nineteenth-century critics to Jane Austin s novels as well as to fiction in general 37 The author mentions that English hterature “was not part of any academic curriculum“ in the early nineteenth century in order to _. （ A） emphasize the need for Jane Austin to create ordinary, eve
48、ryday characters in her novels （ B） give support to those religious and political groups that had attacked fiction （ C） give one reason why Jane Austin s novels received little critical attention in the early nineteenth century （ D） suggest the superiority of an informal and unsystematized approach
49、to the study of literature 38 The passage suggests that twentieth-century Marxists would have admired Jane Austin s novels more if the novels as the Marxists understood them, had _. （ A） described the values of upper-middle class society （ B） avoided moral instruction and sermonizing （ C） depicted ordinary society in a more flattering light （ D） portrayed characters from more than one class of society 39 It can be inferred from the passage that Whately found Dickens c
