1、考博英语模拟试卷 72及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Despite the end of the Cold War, defense and civil industrial interests in “small“ science are_. （ A） as stronger as before （ B） as powerful as is expected （ C） as strong as ever （ D） as more powerful as expected 2 _ when he discovered the costs, never
2、theless, eventually, he went. （ A） To surprise （ B） Surprisingly （ C） Slightly exciting （ D） Somewhat taken aback 3 This, they say, is proof that the more primitive species was not simply supplanted by an advanced one _ into one. （ A） but also developed （ B） but reformed sharply （ C） but merely turn
3、ed （ D） but evolved slowly 4 Nonetheless, multi-regionalists _ folding their tents and if anything, may have grown even more convinced of their position. （ A） show signs to （ B） take no signs of （ C） show no signs of （ D） take note of 5 Rather, our particular modern tragedy _ the great asymmetry, an
4、d the consequential but unintended power of science to enhance its effect. （ A） resides in （ B） result from （ C） resists to （ D） returns into 6 The accommodation was at a comfortable hotel, the meeting facilities _. （ A） are excellent （ B） excellent （ C） are available （ D） be excellent 7 Even resear
5、chers, for example, _ applying the concept of “cohesion“ may not produce the most cost-effective science. （ A） appreciate for （ B） appreciate that （ C） appreciate as to （ D） appreciate as 8 _ its misrepresentation, Clintons statement is appropriate as a celebration of biologys increasing relevance t
6、o countries health and wealth. （ A） Despite the dangers of （ B） Regarding the dangers of （ C） Despite the injustice of （ D） Concerned about the dangers of 9 It is thus of exceptional importance _ extinction theories, but until now problems with dating have limited its potential. （ A） for a testing p
7、urpose on （ B） as a testing reason in （ C） as a testing ground for （ D） for some useful ends of 10 For instance, the public may not fully understand the physical principles behind lasers, but it clearly can appreciate the extraordinary medical benefits _ this technology. （ A） taking into account （ B
8、） leading to （ C） considering as （ D） resulting from 11 But, in the United States and in Europe, there is a growing danger that, as the attractiveness and impact of biology develops, an inadequate appreciation of physics will effectively lead to a _ against it. （ A） backwash （ B） backlash （ C） backg
9、round （ D） backing 12 While there is no agency with a mission to depress the economy or _ inflation, many government actionsespecially taxation, spending, and regulationhave those undesirable effects. （ A） accredit （ B） accelerate （ C） accumulate （ D） access 13 Costs for regulation of business actua
10、lly are a hidden tax severely reducing the competitiveness of domestic businesses _ when they face an increasingly global marketplace. （ A） at times （ B） at present （ C） at once （ D） at a time 14 In doing so, however, he has shown not that art assists scientific understanding, but that scientific in
11、sight can provide a _ stimulus to some of the most powerful of artistic interpretations. （ A） graceful （ B） handful （ C） fruitful （ D） hopeful 15 Australia provides the only separate, _ laboratory in which dramatic Quaternary extinction occurred. （ A） natural continent-sized （ B） natural and contine
12、nt-sized （ C） continent-sized natural （ D） continent-sized and large 16 But it has other advantages in terms of _ scientific and technical expertise. （ A） dissolving （ B） dissuading （ C） distilling （ D） disseminating 17 There are, for example, widely differing views of the potential value of the ass
13、ets_. （ A） at stake （ B） at a stroke （ C） at an action （ D） at a time 18 Perhaps the only _ that physicists have are, for big science, the cultural appeal to the public of fundamental laws of nature and of the Universe. （ A） alley （ B） allies （ C） alloy （ D） allergy 19 Thanks to sponsorship, the fee
14、 to _ will be 25 _ and participants will have to pay only travel expenses. （ A） those invited （ B） those who invited （ C） those being invited （ D） those of invited 20 It is also important that the public should recognize the current debate for what it is: scientists behaving _, as they should. （ A）
15、cowardly （ B） crucially （ C） critically （ D） crossly 21 The possibility of moving toward _ patients and the responsibilities that it implies undoubtedly will change psychologists future role. （ A） meditating （ B） medicating （ C） mediating （ D） mediatizing 22 But many in the commission are well aware
16、 of such needs, and are _ to address them. （ A） thriving （ B） striking （ C） wrestling （ D） striving 23 An important objective of both exercises is to develop a structure for rigorously competitive _. （ A） self-review （ B） peer review （ C） talk show （ D） peer counseling 24 Such initiatives can pay ge
17、nerous dividends in a continent _ a large and talented scientific community which, although largely educated in the United States and in Europe, is strongly inclined to return home to do science. （ A） bloomed with （ B） blocked with （ C） blessed with （ D） blocked by 25 The realization that the most e
18、conomically significant sanctions cannot survive poses a new danger: that effective sanctions will be allowed to lapse, _ a series of token measures. （ A） leaving in place （ B） setting aside （ C） taking into account （ D） making room for 26 Americans were propelled too by a keen sense of _ about chal
19、lenging the void. （ A） horror and hunger （ B） anxiety and hope （ C） awe and sorrow （ D） awe and wonder 27 But given terrifying scenarios that are now all too possible, those costs will de a small price to pay for the extra _ they will buy. （ A） security （ B） sector （ C） section （ D） sedation 28 Fina
20、lly, careful prioritization is no alternative to the adequate _ of the science base. （ A） funding （ B） including （ C） excluding （ D） expending 29 The preservation of opportunity in the face of unforgiving tradeoffs, and the capacity to exercise a degree of freedom to pursue one s talent, _ me as a c
21、entrally important principle in the emerging society. （ A） terrify （ B） stir （ C） strike （ D） spur 30 I could still have found my way into science in a nonexpansionist civilization of the future, where upward social mobility and its _ opportunities would no longer be taken for granted to the degree
22、that they have been in recent centuries. （ A） attending （ B） attendant （ C） pendant （ D） pending 二、 Cloze 30 Probably one of the most revolutionary innovations in science during this century was the recognition of the duality of matter;【 51】 , in some aspects of its behavior matter is【 52】 described
23、 as a particle, and in【 53】 aspects as a wave. This revolution in scientific thought took place almost three-quarters of a century ago. By now most scientists have come to accept it【 54】 , happily for science, there are still some who are convinced that they can uncover a deeper【 55】 of truth in whi
24、ch the coexisting systems of thought will be replaced by a unified view. Those who resist this revolution【 56】 science are not regarded as a threat. They are not branded as counterrevolutionary. There is a good reason for【 57】 Stated simply, it is that if change marks a step forward on, say, 1 July
25、1997, then change can【 58】 represent progress at some future date. The concept of “one matter, two descriptions“ introduced in the 1920s represented a【 59】 advance. But it constitutes no more than a step along the path toward greater【 60】 . The door remains open to further discoveries. (185 Words) （
26、 A） that is （ B） it is （ C） it was （ D） which is （ A） good （ B） well （ C） half （ D） best （ A） some （ B） much （ C） other （ D） same （ A） But （ B） And （ C） Or （ D） So （ A） factor （ B） level （ C） type （ D） token （ A） on （ B） for （ C） into （ D） in （ A） it （ B） that （ C） this （ D） one （ A） once again （ B）
27、 in this way （ C） twice then （ D） immediately （ A） minor （ B） major （ C） minimal （ D） maximum （ A） understanding （ B） interpreting （ C） knowing （ D） knowledge 40 According to government statistics, men of all social classes in Britain visit pubs quite regularly,【 61】 the kind of pub they go to may b
28、e different and their reasons for going there【 62】 , too. Nowadays they often take their wives or girl-friends, which【 63】 to be the case. The fact is that the typical English pub is changing, partly【 64】 the licensing laws not being so strict as they【 65】 , but also because publicans are trying to【
29、 66】 away with the old Victorian【 67】 of the pub and【 68】 provide couples with an atmosphere where they can both enjoy themselves. Pub used not to open【 69】 at certain times. The result was that they were usually【 70】 with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time【 71】 . But that
30、 kind of pub is rapidly becoming a thing of the past. Curiously enough, the old British licensing laws, which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd, were【 72】 introduced as a【 73】 measure to stop workers drinking in the First World War.【 74】 , the strong Puritanical【 75】 in Parliament took【 7
31、6】 of the law and【 77】 it. Opening hours are【 78】 limited to eight hours a day, but the publican can now choose which hours【 79】 him best. And these days you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer【 80】 beer. But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become
32、 a repeatable place. （ A） and （ B） though （ C） when （ D） as （ A） disagree （ B） diverge （ C） vary （ D） deviate （ A） used not （ B） not used （ C） used （ D） is used （ A） because （ B） because of （ C） for （ D） in that （ A） were （ B） are （ C） used （ D） had been （ A） take （ B） do （ C） keep （ D） go （ A） sigh
33、t （ B） image （ C） appearance （ D） perception （ A） then （ B） instead （ C） further （ D） still （ A） except （ B） except for （ C） only （ D） only for （ A） covered （ B） crowded （ C） full （ D） plenty （ A） available （ B） proper （ C） probable （ D） accessible （ A） ordinarily （ B） generally （ C） originally （ D）
34、 formerly （ A） perpetual （ B） temporary （ C） uniform （ D） temperate （ A） Nevertheless （ B） However （ C） Afterwards （ D） Furthermore （ A） factor （ B） element （ C） component （ D） atom （ A） advantage （ B） profit （ C） use （ D） charge （ A） retained （ B） contained （ C） maintained （ D） protected （ A） even
35、（ B） just （ C） but （ D） still （ A） suit （ B） match （ C） meet （ D） agree （ A） against （ B） for （ C） with （ D） to 三、 Reading Comprehension 60 The UK government has some way to go in building trust in its handling of genetic modification in agriculture. Lessons learnt in Britain ( and no doubt elsewher
36、e ) from the BSE (疯牛病 ) crisis were evident in the UK governments announcements last week of plans to change the way it regulates genetically modified crops. Out goes any lingering assumption that the technology is inherently safe, and in comes a new requirement for industry to demonstrate practical
37、ly that its products will not have adverse ecological effects. In a welcome move, a new steering group of scientists will be able to commission research it considers necessary on the ecological impacts of genetically modified crops. The government, in turn, promises not to allow the commercializatio
38、n of any crop until the scientists are reasonably satisfied that it is safe to proceed. The governments attempts to build public trust in its scientific advice, and to include public views in its policy decisions, however, leave some questions open. It has chosen to set up a new forum of environment
39、al stakeholders whose view would contribute to decisions about genetic modification in agriculture. This forum, spanning the spectrum of interests and opinion, will need to make constructive suggestions, and avoid well-trodden, predictable and ultimately time wasting disputes between industry and en
40、vironmentalism. The government is already poised to embark on a survey of the public-as opposed to environmentalist-perception of the biosciences. Ministers would be wise to wait for its outcome before putting more flesh on the stakeholders forum. But the latter should eventually be encouraged to ma
41、ke constructive contributions to the research agenda. In doing so, it will not only address public concerns about the risks of genetically modified crops, but should also help rebuild public trust in the application of science to foods. Here again, however, the government will need to ensure that th
42、e chance to influence research is not used as an unyielding instrument of obstruction by fundamentalist opponents of genetic modification. Scientists on the whole are supportive of the changes, particularly the decision to authorize research trials on a commercial scale. They rightly seek better sec
43、urity arrangements following recent incidents of crop destruction. They should cautiously welcome, rather than oppose, increased public awareness and scrutiny of their activities while being themselves watchful over the details of the processes the government is putting in place. 61 What may chiefly
44、 be responsible for the lessons the UK government learnt from the BSE crisis? （ A） It is beneficial to find some way to build trust in genetic modification in agriculture. （ B） The technology must be inherently safe, its products exerting no adverse ecological effects. （ C） With its handling of gene
45、tic modification in agriculture, the practical technology is booming. （ D） A strict assumption and a new requirement may have more probably helped. 62 The example of “environmental stakeholders“ in the passage is used to _. （ A） expose to the spectrum of public interests （ B） signify a forum for mak
46、ing decisions about genetic modification in agriculture （ C） avoid endlessly time-wasting disputes between industry and environmentalism （ D） make some constructive suggestions 63 In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantage of a survey of public opinions? （ A） Ensuring an
47、 unyielding instrument of obstruction by the opponents of genetics. （ B） Caring for the stakeholders forum after knowing the public voice. （ C） Drawing public concerns about the risks of genetically modified crops. （ D） Rebuilding public trust in the application of science to foods. 64 From the last
48、 paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that scientists_. （ A） look too suspicious to be trusted （ B） act more properly than they used to （ C） think more before taking actions （ D） are considered increasingly informative 64 Academic life scientists are currently well-funded, but they need to develop
49、better advocacy skills in order to exert some influence over issues related to their work. These are among the best of times for many in the life sciences, with strong government and industrial support helping to develop a burgeoning community which makes an important contribution to both scientific discovery and public life. During such times, it makes sense for the community to ensure that it speaks with
