1、考博英语模拟试卷 73及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Conditions were _ trees virtually disappeared from the inland, and 40% of Australia was transformed into a vast active dune field. （ A） so far as that （ B） so farther as to （ C） so extreme that （ D） so numerous that 2 Among the many open research quest
2、ions on MTBE are how it is metabolized, _the levels of exposure in the general population are. （ A） but what （ B） and what （ C） but how （ D） and why 3 Based on their review, the University of California researchers concluded that MTBE is an animal virus _ cause cancer in humans. （ A） without doubt t
3、o （ B） without question to （ C） with the intention to （ D） with the potential to 4 If the additives are _, the University of California researchers recommended caution in approving any alternatives. （ A） postponed up （ B） phased up （ C） phrased up （ D） phased out 5 Addition of any chemical compound
4、to the environment in quantities _ a significant fraction of the total content of gasoline may have unexpected environmental consequences. （ A） that constitute （ B） which constitutes （ C） that are substituted by （ D） which substitute 6 Communication skills seem to count for little in comparison with
5、 reputation _ invitations to speak. （ A） when it came to （ B） when causing （ C） when it comes to （ D） while resulting from 7 Viewers simply can watch what is on _ a presentation via a keyboard, touch screen or mouse. （ A） and press on （ B） or interact with （ C） by pressing （ D） or interpret to 8 Psy
6、chologists clearly have their own marketplace and, _, have a hold on the major portion of the outpatient services rendered to the public. （ A） as stated earlier （ B） stating earlier （ C） as is stated （ D） as was stated 9 The cultural change in British science over the past five years means that-addi
7、tional funding is now more important than ever _ it is no longer required. （ A） but that （ B） not in that （ C） or that （ D） not that 10 _, the distinction between creators and users of corporate television is blurring. （ A） Whatever the case is （ B） Whichever case be （ C） Whatever the case （ D） What
8、 the case is 11 The rise in stock prices has been driven largely by improvements in the economy, principally rising _ profits, falling inflation, and falling interest rates. （ A） corporate （ B） correspond （ C） corroborate （ D） corrode 12 We have seen life-saying medical devices _ the market by the c
9、rushing costs of litigation. （ A） forced off （ B） forced open （ C） forced a way in （ D） forced our way out 13 Many reported that the general military message they received was that, as nurses, they were expected to be _ strong. （ A） empirically （ B） emotionally （ C） emulously （ D） eminently 14 Gover
10、nments will be invited to _ the assessments technical lead authors. （ A） normalize （ B） notify （ C） nominate （ D） notate 15 Aside form the legal considerations, ethical principles will need revision if psychologists are granted _. （ A） nursing rights （ B） visiting rights （ C） descriptive privileges
11、（ D） prescription privileges 16 Unlike their seniors who remember a world without TV, they are as _ in sounds and imager as in the printed word, and as often as not, prefer to do business that way. （ A） literary （ B） literate （ C） literal （ D） literacy 17 Video even can be integrated with text to pr
12、oduce _ and animated documents. （ A） long-lived （ B） livelong （ C） live-action （ D） livening 18 The bill would establish protection against and criminal and _ penalties forthe improper disclosure of protected patient information. （ A） domestic （ B） homely （ C） internal （ D） civil 19 Such records and
13、 specimens _ either patient names or codes that would ultimately allow patient identification. （ A） carry （ B） bring （ C） take （ D） fetch 20 Alternatively, researchers seeking access to identifiable, records or specimens can use “expedited“ IRB review, in which one board member is _ to rapidly appro
14、ve such studies. （ A） controlled （ B） enrolled （ C） enlisted （ D） authorized 21 New technologies continue to be a driving force, as developments in satellites, digital video, and _ multimedia that have yet to work their way into broadcast or cable are becoming essential to corporate TV operations. （
15、 A） two-way （ B） interactive （ C） two-sided （ D） mutual 22 By adding a few components, they can edit tape and create an array of graphics and visual effects that are _ from systems costing five to 10 times as much. （ A） nearly considerable （ B） barely distinguishable （ C） rarely distinctive （ D） sca
16、rcely confused 23 Indeed, with computers as basic as a Macintosh, producers can write scripts, budget productions, and _ schedules and locations all on the same machine. （ A） keep track of （ B） keep up with （ C） keep away from （ D） keep abreast with 24 Sadly, the issue of pay was the only one of a s
17、et of _ efficiency-raising recommendations put forward by the HRK to have received significant attention from the grassroots academic community. （ A） senseless （ B） sensitive （ C） sensible （ D） sensory 25 In particular, the rectors call for universities to abandon Habilitation, a post-doctoral quali
18、fication traditionally required to join professorial ranks, was greeted with a _silence. （ A） returning （ B） repeating （ C） rebounding （ D） resounding 26 “These days, executives are more fastidious about presentation and persona,“ indicates Jack Hilton, whose New York-based consulting firm advises t
19、op management _ television. （ A） by use of （ B） in the usage of （ C） by the using of （ D） in use of 27 If the trade deficit really is one of the nations most pressing problems, the surest and swiftest way to tackle it would be _ a deep recession. （ A） to engineer （ B） to steer （ C） to facilitate （ D
20、） to balance 28 An understanding of the all-important role of investment flows should liberate trade policy from its _ focus on the current account balance. （ A） obvious （ B） obtainable （ C） obsessive （ D） obstinate 29 He thinks that the ecosystems assessment will fare better if it is intended as “g
21、uidance only and is not in any way an _ measure.“ （ A） obtuse （ B） obligatory （ C） obscure （ D） oblivious 30 The substance _ easily through groundwater, and some communities have experienced acute episodes of water pollution after underground storage tanks ruptured. （ A） perfuses （ B） perscusses （ C
22、） percolates （ D） perforates 二、 Cloze 30 The mood of complacency in the European Union (EU) is driven largely by the recovery in France and Germany and the imminent launch of economic and monetary union. But two【 51】 recent developments challenge the notion【 52】 the EU can remain immune from the sho
23、cks occurring around emerging markets. The first phenomenon is that the financial【 53】 are occurring simultaneously and in many instances are mutually reinforcing. Contagion is no longer a【 54】 ; it is a fact of life. The erosion of market confidence【 55】 with a second phenomenon: the emergence of a
24、 political【 56】 in Moscow, Tokyo, Washington, and Bonn. The EU and【 57】 15 member states have contributed generously through IMF packages and technical aids to strengthen domestic banking supervision in Asia. But【 58】 the highest level, EU leaders have shown themselves driven by domestic political【
25、59】 All the difficult negotiations over EU enlargement,【 60】 , were put off until after the German election in Sept ember. （ A） few （ B） a few （ C） more （ D） less （ A） that （ B） this （ C） which （ D） one （ A） shakes （ B） shocks （ C） quakes （ D） trembles （ A） attack （ B） rush （ C） risk （ D） dash （ A）
26、meets （ B） conserves （ C） challenges （ D） coincides （ A） continuity （ B） vacuum （ C） truth （ D） vacancy （ A） its （ B） their （ C） their own （ D） the （ A） on （ B） at （ C） in （ D） for （ A） considerations （ B） consequences （ C） convergence （ D） combination （ A） for some reason （ B） for some time （ C） fo
27、r example （ D） for this means 40 The most convincing evidence for the importance of adult influence on a childs intelligence comes from a study of “at risk“ children. Ramey and Frances Campbell of the University of North Carolina【 61】 with children born into poverty-line households. The children ent
28、ered the study by four months【 62】 age. During the study, one group spent the day in a center where teachers used games and songs to【 63】 the infants. Another group had no such【 64】 , but they were given nutritional supplements in【 65】 During preschool years the children in the early-education group
29、 showed IQ advantages of ten to 20 points. The highest-risk children showed the【 66】 gains, and at age 15 they had higher reading and math scores. What【 67】 for these gains? Ramey and other scientists say early childhood experiences【 68】 brain growth. An infant is born【 69】 billions of brain cells c
30、alled neurons. Some are wired to other cells before birth to regulate the【 70】 of life, such as heartbeat and breathing. Others are waiting to be wired to【 71】 him or her interpret, and respond to the outside world. Experience dictates the hookups. As the child【 72】 , cells reach out and set up path
31、ways to other cells needed to determine a【 73】 . For instance, the neurons in the eye send branches to the【 74】 cortex, which interprets【 75】 the eye sees and, via other branches,【 76】 the person to react to what is seen. Each time an experience is repeated, the【 77】 are strengthened. The first two
32、years of life are an explosion of brain【 78】 and connections. By age two the【 79】 has more than 300 trillion connections. At the same time, ceils that arent being connected or used are being【 80】 （ A） worked （ B） stayed （ C） studied （ D） talked （ A） at （ B） in （ C） of （ D） by （ A） feed （ B） irritate
33、 （ C） push （ D） stimulate （ A） exercise （ B） program （ C） study （ D） research （ A） contrast （ B） addition （ C） infancy （ D） abundance （ A） earliest （ B） greatest （ C） fewest （ D） latest （ A） accounts （ B） stands （ C） compensates （ D） argues （ A） involve （ B） delay （ C） retard （ D） foster （ A） into （
34、 B） with （ C） while （ D） before （ A） cycles （ B） courses （ C） tasks （ D） basics （ A） make （ B） help （ C） let （ D） have （ A） grows （ B） develops （ C） matures （ D） raises （ A） behavior （ B） response （ C） movement （ D） reaction （ A） visual （ B） auditory （ C） mental （ D） physical （ A） why （ B） when （ C）
35、 how （ D） what （ A） makes （ B） shows （ C） cues （ D） responds （ A） brains （ B） neurons （ C） pathways （ D） cells （ A） activity （ B） growth （ C） neuron （ D） cell （ A） child （ B） infant （ C） cortex （ D） brain （ A） discarded （ B） wasted （ C） replaced （ D） neglected 三、 Reading Comprehension 60 In recent y
36、ears, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship,“ US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, s
37、troke and even early death.“ Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,“ Dr Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we
38、eat.“ Dustan s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience
39、 a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced. “An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,“ notes Dr John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should av
40、oid salt makes no sense.“ Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation“ in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this sat allowance w
41、ould come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt“ exponent, Dr Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr admits that “we do
42、not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.“ In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress. “It is not your enem
43、y,“ says Dr Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.“ 61 According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt co
44、nsumed_. （ A） exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health （ B） cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders （ C） correlates highly with some diseases （ D） is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease 62 From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that_. （ A） a low-salt diet
45、 may be prescribed for some people （ B） the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure （ C） the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient （ D） an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone 63 In the third paragraph, Dr Laragh implies that _. （ A） peopl
46、e should not be afraid of taking excessive salt （ B） doctors should not advise people to avoid salt （ C） an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease （ D） excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population 64 The phrase “vocal. exponent“ (line 2, pa
47、ragraph 5) most probably refers to_. （ A） eloquent doctor （ B） articulate opponent （ C） loud speaker （ D） strong advocate 64 Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in t
48、he home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each others deficiencies and build on each others strengths. Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teen-age boys without fathers are no
49、toriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving a
