1、考博英语模拟试卷 93及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 This policy gave _ to private property and led to differences between the rich and the poor. （ A） life （ B） birth （ C） way （ D） death 2 Humans should not develop their economy at the _ of the ecological environment. （ A） destruction （ B） pollution （ C）
2、 expense （ D） mercy 3 We must try to _ the best of our moral values for our children and grand-children. （ A） replace （ B） remain （ C） generate （ D） preserve 4 Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why you see most business People dress formally. （ A） count （ B） account （ C） allow （ D） care 5
3、 He was seriously injured in a car accident, which was _ to faulty brakes. （ A） attributed （ B） contributed （ C） blamed （ D） applied 6 Lebanon is one of the few countries in the Middle East with a comparatively well- developed labour movement. Trade unions have secured some tangible gains, such as f
4、ringe benefits and better working conditions. （ A） substantial （ B） trivial （ C） momentous （ D） crucial 7 Sudden disastrous external stress such as in severe automobile accidents, airplane crashes, and underwater explosions may cause death through rupture of the major arteries. （ A） impairment （ B）
5、severity （ C） fracture （ D） contraction 8 The folk art rubric has also been extended to include all manner of traditional artistic productions, even the self-consciously quaint. （ A） conservative （ B） mysterious （ C） original （ D） unusual 9 Tile rivers and streams of the Amazon basin teem with life,
6、 and the forest canopy resonates with the cries of birds and monkeys and the whines of insects. （ A） converges （ B） echoes （ C） overwhelms （ D） responds 10 Although the main motivation for a renewed interest in logic was a search for the foundations of mathematics, the chief protagonists of this eff
7、ort extended their inquiry into the domain of the natural languages. （ A） explorers （ B） dedicators （ C） advocates （ D） analysts 11 Every community requires a wholesome, dependable supply of water, and every community generates liquid and solid wastes. （ A） considerable （ B） healthful （ C） immediate
8、 （ D） secure 12 Notwithstanding its great diversity of styles, forms, themes, and functions, the theatre of today has its roots in a basic need to give meaning to the workings of the universe. （ A） In terms of （ B） As regards （ C） Despite （ D） In view of 13 Villagers and those newly arrived from Eur
9、ope, fed up with terms of employment and tenancy in the rural areas, took advantage of cheap modern transportation to move into the cities. （ A） discontented with （ B） acquainted with （ C） furnished with （ D） favoured with 14 Frank Friedel, in creating a biography of the United States president Fran
10、klin D.Roosevelt, has had to wrestle with something like 40 tons of paper. （ A） reckon （ B） ponder （ C） tackle （ D） challenge 15 Early exponents of science fiction such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells explored with zest the future possibilities opened up to the optimistic imagination by modern techno
11、logy. （ A） inspiration （ B） enthusiasm （ C） fantasy （ D） endeavour 16 Although states were allowed to coin money right after the American Revolution, they are not allowed to do so today. （ A） fairly （ B） temporarily （ C） immediately （ D） haphazardly 17 Floors and walls must be specially constructed
12、to make a building soundproof. （ A） solid and sturdy （ B） officially complete （ C） impermeable to noise. （ D） architecturally attractive 18 Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water. （ A） float （ B） finish （ C） remain effec
13、tive （ D） be prescribed 19 In mathematics the term “solid“ describes a geometric figure with three dimensions. （ A） angle （ B） shape （ C） triangle （ D） equation 20 After years of research, Charles Drew devised a procedure for preserving plasma. （ A） transporting （ B） saving （ C） reusing （ D） labelin
14、g 21 The day was crisp and sharp, but suddenly a misty rain began to fall and _ the landscape. （ A） hid （ B） blurred （ C） relieved （ D） belittled 22 _ this coming Thursday, it will be too late to enroll of the course. （ A） As of （ B） As for （ C） As to （ D） As on 23 Those who let uncertainty _ rarely
15、 achieve much. （ A） turn them down （ B） send them down （ C） weigh them down （ D） huddle down 24 The speaker went on and on, _ to his listeners obvious boredom. （ A） obligated （ B） obsessive （ C） obvious （ D） oblivious 25 Such _ as self-respect and industriousness merit the full backing of an employe
16、r. （ A） advantages （ B） traits （ C） interests （ D） shortcomings 26 The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry. （ A） scope （ B） magnitude （ C） dimension （ D） volume 27 An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enrag
17、ed by the _ argumentation in commercials. （ A） imperative （ B） fallacious （ C） persuasive （ D） fabulous 28 _ flees if one is constantly subjected to demeaning orders. （ A） Prime （ B） Harassment （ C） Conceit （ D） Pride 29 _ popularity of subject matter and frequency of use, the books on the two middl
18、e shelves will be the most helpful to you. （ A） As of （ B） As regards （ C） As from （ D） As against 30 I was _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring. （ A） immured （ B） immersed （ C） busy （ D） infatuated 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 The market for manufactured goods is what economist
19、s call “imperfect,“ because each company has its own style, its own reputation, and its own locations; and all of the arts of advertisement and salesmanship are devoted to making it even more imperfect by attracting buyers to particular brand names. Even small businesses that depend upon outside cha
20、nnels of retail distribution may have the final say in what prices they will charge, and great corporations can differentiate their goods in order to create demand of them. In this type of market, supply normally is very elastic-that is responsive to demand-in the short run. Stocks or inventories ar
21、e held at some point in the chain of distribution; while stocks are running down or building up, there is time to change the level of production, and once a price has been set, it is rarely altered in response to moderate changes in demand. Even in a deep slump, defensive rings may be formed to prev
22、ent price cutting. In the long run, as well as in the short, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. It is easier to change the composition of a firms output than it is to change the production of a mine or a plantation. And when changes in demand are not too rapid, gross prof
23、its from one plant can be siphoned off and invested in something quite different. When business is good, moreover, there is continual new investment so that productive capacity is adapted to meeting changing requirements. Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities t
24、o which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labour is very little affected by the fortunes of a particular market. 31 The “imperfection“ of the market for manufactured goods is reflected in all of the following aspects, except _. （ A） the distinctive style of each
25、 company （ B） the attempts of advertisement to attract buyers to particular brand names （ C） tendency for the prices of the same goods to equalize quickly （ D） the freedom of small businesses to decide the prices they will charge 32 In the market for manufactured goods, _ is usually not responsive t
26、o moderate changes in demand. （ A） the price of a product if it has been set （ B） supply （ C） stocks or inventories （ D） the level of production 33 According to this passage, _ is not responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. （ A） in the short run, supply （ B） in the long run, supply （ C）
27、 the level of wages for factory labour （ D） the productive capacity of a business 34 The proper title for this passage should be _. （ A） Markets for Manufactures （ B） Imperfect Markets （ C） Supply and Demand （ D） Great Corporation and Small Businesses 34 Unfortunately most of the science fiction fil
28、ms of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001 A Space Odyssey. Skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001. which appeared in 1968, set new standards for science fiction films. During the next decade, every one of the dozens of science fiction movies released was compared to 2001 , and all but a
29、 few were found sadly lacking. Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinion, much of the movies power and appeal was achieved through relatively inexpensive means. For example, the musical score, which was adapted in large part from well-known c
30、lassical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel sequences. Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music. After 2001, the dominant theme of science fiction films shifted from the
31、 adventures of space travel to the problems created on earth by mans mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of technology by a totalitarian state. Overpopulation and the accompanying shortages of food prompt the state to impose extraordinary controls on its citizens. No fewer than tw
32、enty-nine films were made around this theme in the years between 1970 and 1977, including Survivors and Chronicles. In the opinion of this reviewer, until Star Wars was released in 1977, science fiction films were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising to a greater or lesser degree a series of repe
33、titive plots. But Star Wars was different. It offered us a return to imaginative voyages in space and confrontation with intelligent life on other planets. Unlike the other science fiction films of the decade, Star Wars presented technology as having solved rather than aggravated ecological problems
34、. The special effects created to simulate space vehicles hurtling through the blackness of the universe were reminiscent of the artistic standards set by 2001. 35 In the authors opinion, most of the science fiction films released in the 1970s were _. （ A） better than 2001: A Space Odyssey （ B） not a
35、s good as 2001: A Space Odyssey （ C） almost the same as Star Wars （ D） better than Star Wars 36 The theme of the majority of science fiction films made between 1970 and 1977 was _. （ A） space travel （ B） life on other planets （ C） ecological problems on earth （ D） wars between the earth and other pl
36、anets 37 In the authors opinion, why was 2001 successful? （ A） because its budget was large （ B） because its camera work and musical score were blended artistically （ C） because its plot was repetitive （ D） because its symbolism was very good 38 What does the author most object to in the science mov
37、ies of the 1790s? （ A） He objects to their camera work. （ B） He does not like their music. （ C） He believes that their stories are too much alike. （ D） He criticizes their special effects. 38 The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Befor
38、e considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inade
39、quate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with coop
40、eration, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict; nevertheless, is very
41、 likely to occur, and is probably ,an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competit
42、ion, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this
43、 competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to sa
44、tisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus l
45、ead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. 39 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _. （ A） argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies （ B） smooth out the co
46、nflict in human societies （ C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition （ D） summarize the that characteristic feature of opposition and cooperation 40 According the author, competition differs from conflict in that _. （ A） it results in war in most cases （ B） it induces efforts to expand territo
47、ry （ C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities （ D） it is essentially a struggle for existence 41 The phrase, “function in the disservice of one another“ (Line 9, Para. 1) most probably means _. （ A） betray each other （ B） harm one another （ C） help to collaborate with each other （ D） bene
48、fit one another 42 The passage is probably intended to answer the question“ _ “. （ A） Is war inevitable? （ B） Why is there conflict and competition? （ C） Is conflict desirable? （ D） Can competition lead to conflict? 42 Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats,
49、 as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television i
