1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 134及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 For anyone who has experienced an earthquake, the experience can be frightening and traumatic. In addition to the movement of the ground, people need to be concerned with collapsing buildings and falling debris, such as flying glass. The majority o
2、f the injuries and deaths that occur from the earthquakes are due to falling objects and structures. The effect of an earthquake can also cause dangerous landslides, fires, gas leak and explosions and floodwaters from collapsing dams. The goal of seismologists is to understand why the earthquake and
3、 other seismic activities on the Earth. This information, when shared with people in earthquake-prone areas, can help decrease the number of deaths and injuries that may occur. One of the most destructive effects of an earthquake is the tsunami. Tsunamis, giant ocean waves, form after an earthquake
4、has occurred on the ocean floor. If the tsunami crashes into land, it may cause destruction. The difficulty with protecting people from tsunamis is that they may come without warning and at an extremely high speed. Once undersea earthquakes occur, the ocean floor rises and sinks. This is when tsunam
5、is may begin to form. Along with this shifting of the ocean floor, there is also a large mass of seawater that may drop or rise. To adjust the sudden change in sea level, the mass of water moves upward and downward. As it is moving, a series of long, low waves begin to move from the point of the epi
6、center outward. These waves will increase in height as they come closer to the shore. Underwater landslides caused by earthquakes may also form tsunamis. On land, the focus of an earthquakes destruction is usually buildings and property. Most of the buildings today are built using strict building co
7、des. These codes require that the buildings can withstand the swaying motion of the ground during an earthquake. However, therere buildings with weak walls that can collapse completely during a quake. Extremely tall buildings, like skyscrapers, may sway so violently that they may tip over and cause
8、damage to lower structures nearby. One factor that affects the intensity of an earthquake is the local geology. The type of land that beneath the buildings can determine the way the buildings respond to an earthquake. Buildings on the solid ground are more likely to withstand an earthquake than buil
9、dings that are constructed on the loose soil and rock. Likely soil and rock vibrate as if they were jelly. When buildings are constructed on this type of land, they tend to have an exaggerated motion and to sway violently. 1 This article is concerned with _. （ A） earthquakes only （ B） tsunamis only
10、（ C） both earthquakes and tsunamis （ D） various natural disasters 2 The word “seismologists“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) refers to _. （ A） experts who are interested in buildings （ B） people who act as rescuers when earthquakes occur （ C） people who have the ability to predict tsunamis （ D） experts who st
11、udy earthquakes and related phenomena 3 The term “earthquake-prone area“ (Line 7, Paragraph 1) probably means _. （ A） a place where earthquakes are more likely to happen （ B） a region that tsunamis are more likely to occur （ C） an area that is more suitable for the construction of skyscrapers （ D） a
12、 zone in which earthquakes are very likely to happen 4 According to the author, tsunamis are caused by _. （ A） extreme climatic change due to global warming （ B） destruction of the balance of the ecology （ C） earthquakes （ D） rising sea level of the ocean as well as carbon dioxide emission 5 From th
13、e last paragraph of the article, we can infer that the intensity of an earthquake is closely related to _. （ A） structures of the building （ B） solidity of the building （ C） the height of the building （ D） the local geology 5 The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World
14、are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits“. According to many books and articles, New Englands leaders established the
15、 basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church important subjects that we may not ne
16、glect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility
17、 and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawy
18、er, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.
19、While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled wi
20、th signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God an
21、d you shall be my people.“ One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched. Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not com
22、e to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.“ 6 The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England _. （ A） Puritan tradition dominated political life （ B） intellectual interests were encouraged （ C） politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors （ D） intellectual
23、pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment 7 It is suggested in Para 2 that New Englanders _. （ A） experienced a comparatively peaceful early history （ B） brought with them the culture of the Old World （ C） paid little attention to southern intellectual life （ D） were obsessed with religious innovations
24、 8 The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay _. （ A） were famous in the New World for their writings （ B） gained increasing importance in religious affairs （ C） abandoned high positions before coming to the New World （ D） created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England 9 Th
25、e story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often _. （ A） influenced by superstitions （ B） troubled with religious beliefs （ C） puzzled by church sermons （ D） frustrated with family earnings 10 The text suggests that early settlers in New England _. （ A） were mostly engage
26、d in political activities （ B） were motivated by an illusory prospect （ C） came from different backgrounds. （ D） left few formal records for later reference 10 Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable
27、 price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effect
28、ive way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all, adve
29、rtising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some
30、 people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for i
31、t, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persu
32、ades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is sub
33、tly persuasive advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants. 11 By the first sentence of the passage the author means that _. （ A） he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising （ B） everybody knows well
34、that advertising is money consuming （ C） advertising costs money like everything else （ D） it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 12 In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? （ A） Securing greater fame. （ B） Providing more jobs. （ C） Enhancing l
35、iving standards. （ D） Reducing newspaper cost. 13 The author deems that the well-known TV personality is _. （ A） very precise in passing his judgement on advertising （ B） interested in nothing but the buyers attention （ C） correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information （ D） obv
36、iously partial in his views on advertising 14 In the authors opinion, _. （ A） advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information （ B） advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over （ C） there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer （ D
37、） the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement 14 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who get
38、s a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and no
39、t the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways
40、to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is esse
41、ntial to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until
42、we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that we re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and g
43、row. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making. 15 A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when _. （ A） he has given up his smoking habit （ B） he ha
44、s made great efforts in his work （ C） he is keen on learning anything new （ D） he has tried to determine where he is on his journey 16 In the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _. （ A） succeed in climbing up the social ladder （ B） judge his ability to glow from his own ac
45、hievements （ C） face difficulties and take up challenges （ D） aim high and reach his goal each time 17 When the author says “a new way of being“ (Line 3, Para. 3) he is referring to _. （ A） a new approach to experiencing the world （ B） anew way of taking risks （ C） a new method of perceiving ourselv
46、es （ D） a new system of adaptation to change 18 For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except _. （ A） curiosity about more chances （ B） promptness in self-adaptation （ C） open-mindedness to new experiences （ D） avoidance of internal fears and doubts 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 134答案与解析 一、
47、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查文章的主旨大意。通过阅读全文，可知文章主 要讲的是地震，以及由地震引发的其他灾害。并在其中着重对海啸进行了具体阐述，其生成原因，破坏力等。因此，本题选 C。 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题考查事实细节。通过对文章第 1段倒数第 2句的理解 “地震学家的目标是要了解为什么地震和地球上其他地震活动 ”可知 D选项符合题意，因此，本题选 D。 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题定位在第 l段最后一句 “此信息，当与地震多发地区的人们共享后，可以帮助减少可能发生的死亡和受伤的人数 ”。因此，本题选
48、 A。 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题 解析】 本题为事实细节题。定位句在第 2段第 2句 “海啸是巨大的海浪，会在地震发生后的海底形成 ”，结合题目中提到的问题，可知是地震引发海底震动进而造成的海啸， C选项符合题意。 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 根据最后一段第 6行 “影响地震的强度的一个因素是当地的地质情况 ”可知， D选项 “当地的地质 ”和地震的产生有很大关系。符合题意。 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是文章第 1段第 2句： According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere e
49、lse in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits“。从中可知， B项为正确答案。 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章第 2段。第 2段中提到：我们可以将这些最初的清教徒移民视为欧洲文化的使者，他们 在适应新大陆的环境。相对于北美新大陆而言，欧洲是旧大陆。考查文中事实细节。因此 B项为正确答案。 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题的依据句是第 3段最后 1句： There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences， and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness。从中可知， D项为正确答案。 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章第 4段。第 4段前面部分的内容指出，未受到良好教育的新英格兰人的思想往往带有传统的宗教迷信
