1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 91及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the worlds businesses, institutions, and individuals. The internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. These networks tr
2、ansmit huge amounts of information in the form of words, images, and sounds. The Internet was information on virtually every topic. Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic “bulletin boards“, where users form discussion groups around common interests.
3、Much of the Internets traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another. These messages are called electronic mail or e-mail. Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e-mail. Other uses of the network include obtaining news, joining electronic de
4、bates, and playing electronic games. One feature of the Internet, known as the World Wide Web, provides graphics, audio, and video to enhance the information in its documents. These documents cover a vast number of topics. People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem. Modems conne
5、ct computers to the network through telephone lines. Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber optic cables. These cables contain hair thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light. They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines, mo
6、st of which consist of copper wires. The history of the Internet began in the 1960s. At that time, the Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA)of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnet. Originally, ARPAnet connected only military and government compute
7、r systems. Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or war. Soon after the creation of ARPAnet, universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks. These networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the Internet. By the 1990s, anyone with
8、 a computer, modem, and Internet software could link up to the Internet. In the future, the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful. Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighway. This net
9、work, still under development, would link computers with telephone companies, cable television stations, and other communication systems. People could bank, shop, watch TV, and perform many other activities through the network. 1 This passage is about the_of the Internet. （ A） future （ B） general in
10、troduction （ C） use （ D） history 2 Which of the following statements about the Internet is true? （ A） ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions. （ B） The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago. （ C） The purpose of the Internet is to protect the worl
11、d in the event of war. （ D） ARPAnet formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays. 3 The Internet enables people to do all the following things EXCEPT_. （ A） sending email （ B） obtaining news （ C） exchanging modem （ D） internet related chat(IRC) 4 According to the last paragraph, in the future_. （
12、A） it may be hard to predict the development of the Internet （ B） the Internet will become an indispensable superhighway （ C） the Internet will be applied more （ D） the Internet will combine cable stations 4 Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According
13、 to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance o
14、f domestic duties. A womans place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and polit
15、ics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents“. The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus a
16、ppropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of womens domestic role. Informal distinctions between “womens work“ and “mens work“ in the labor force, accordi
17、ng to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes. Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at
18、 home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from soci
19、ety to society, and those role differences that to exist are largely learned. But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable. 5 Womens place,
20、 some people think, is within the protective environment of the home because_. （ A） women can provide better care for the children （ B） women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all （ C） women are biologically suited to domestic jobs （ D） women can not compete with men in any field 6 Accordi
21、ng to the author, sex roles_. （ A） are socially determined （ B） are emotionally and physically determined （ C） can only be determined by what education people take （ D） are biologically and psychologically determined 7 The author points out that the assignments of womens roles in work_. （ A） are det
22、ermined by what they are better suited to （ B） row out of their position inside the home （ C） reflect a basic difference between men and women （ D） are suitable to them, but not to men 8 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） The division of sex-defined roles is completely
23、 unacceptable. （ B） Womens roles in work are too limited at present. （ C） In one society, men might perform what is considered womens duties by another. （ D） Some of the womens roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men. 8 In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at
24、least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this;it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new
25、 protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection“. But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect internationa
26、l economic relations. The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism.coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the mar
27、ket as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism. Indeed, protectionists as well as(if not more than)free traders stood for laissez faire. Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resource
28、s and incomes to societies satisfaction.“ It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently
29、is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspect
30、s of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western
31、Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on
32、 the American scene. 9 This passage is primarily concerned with discussing_. （ A） the definition of the new protectionism （ B） the difference between new and old protectionism （ C） the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world （ D） the significance of the welfare state 10 Which of the
33、following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage? （ A） Free education is available to a child. （ B） Laws are made to fix the minimum wage. （ C） A jobless person can be insured. （ D） There are regulations for rent. 11 Which of the following inferences is true,
34、 according to this passage? （ A） The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states. （ B） In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise. （ C） The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest. （ D） Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern E
35、urope than in Great Britain. 12 The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions? （ A） When did the new protectionism arise? （ B） Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries? （ C） Does the American government play a more active role in econom
36、ic life than the British government? （ D） Why does the government intervene in economic life? 12 It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-a
37、dvancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up. Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large. It is because of such criticisms that there has bee
38、n an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their “clients“. By so doing, it is claimed, not o
39、nly do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward. Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought
40、 as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational“ we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one secti
41、on, “the consumers“. If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important. If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of man
42、agement derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why an
43、y set of values, including their own, is preferable to another. 13 According to the author, criticism of schools arises from_. （ A） concerns that schools deliberately neglect students （ B） the high cost of education due to bureaucracy （ C） a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucratic （ D） a
44、 misunderstanding of schools officials 14 The “school community“(Line 4 Para. 4)the author refers to would probably include_. （ A） students （ B） students and parents （ C） students, parents and teachers （ D） teachers and students 15 The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because_.
45、（ A） schools have no real clients （ B） they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachers （ C） schools are totally different from the free market （ D） they have no solid purpose in their aims 16 According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact
46、 that_. （ A） they do not explain why their set of values are better than others （ B） their values are too subjective （ C） their values are too different from those within an educational context （ D） the educational context is not a free market 17 The “charge of relativism“ mentioned in the last para
47、graph is meant to show_. （ A） the values are too narrow-minded （ B） the values are not specific enough （ C） the values are too self-serving （ D） the values are not strongly held 考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 91答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 综观全文，可以了解到什么是互联网，互联网的应用以及它的发展过程和未来的预期应用，因此 B
48、项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 本题可以参照文章的第 4段，即 Internet的历史。从中可知 A、B、 C三项都和原文有悖，因此 D项是正确答案。 【知识 模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 2段。从中可知，互联网的应用包括电子公告板、大型数据库、电子邮件、游戏、获取新闻、参与网上辩论等有关功能，只有交换调制解调器没有被提到，因此 C项为正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 从最后一段可知，未来随着科学技术的发展，网络会变得愈加成熟，而且文中提到了网络还可以和电话公司、有线电
49、视台和其他信息系统连接起来，给人们提供更方便的服务，因此 C项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题可参照文章的第 1段。题目中的 some people think和原文第 1段第 2句话中的 According to this ideology 是对应的。第 5句话作者又归因到Thus， they are naturally suited， much more so than men， to the performance of domestic duties，从中可知 C项是正确答案。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确 答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题的依据是文章第 6段的 So goes the ideology It is， of course， not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex defined roles in social life根据上下文可知，作者是不同意这种观念的，因
