1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Some people in your community have big problems that cost you. The problems cost you in taxes for police services, in out-of-pocket expenses for replacement of stolen equipment or in emotional drain from constant but suppressed fear of personal atta
2、ck. We think of drugs, home invasions- addictions and car theft as functions of modern communities. We believe that high divorce rates, homelessness and break-ins form the basis for a new kind of society that never existed in the past, a reality of the 21st century. Personal problems of others, such
3、 as poverty, mental breakdown, spousal abuse and school yard bullying we prefer to avoid thinking about. They all derive from two causes: people who cant manage to cope with the downturns or conditions of their lives and people who dont have a clear moral foundation about such things as murder, hurt
4、ing others and stealing. Some turn to crime, addictive drugs or alcohol, life-threatening thrills or violence when they cant cope with conditions they fear and cant manage. Since psychologists and therapists deal with these very problems every day, we simply need to apply their knowledge to younger
5、people before they need it, before they “break“ from social standards or normal behavior. Schools teach concepts; its what they do. They believe theyre not allowed to teach some concepts due to regulations forbidding the teaching of religion. We need to separate religious teaching from the basic pri
6、nciples that people of all religions agree upon and allow schools to support the teaching of them by parents. No one wants to become a drug addict, a divorcee or a felon, but most dont see other options. Kids need consistency from their authority figures during their formative years, both at home an
7、d at school. Both home and school need to provide role models, teach standards of their communities and encourage children to seek help when they have problems. The methodology and means to rearrange school curriculum to address social and emotional development of children provides the main focus of
8、 a new book by Canadian sociologist and educator Bill Allin. Turning It Around: Causes and Cures for Todays Epidemic Social Problems gives easily and cheaply implemented solutions to the worst social problems of any community. Todays kids need more than traditional facts and skills to survive extrao
9、rdinary demands on their social and emotional development as adolescents and adults. A child with a social or emotional problem cant progress intellectually because the former preoccupy their minds, their attention and their emotions. Schools are in the best position to help support time-challenged
10、parents. (425 words) 1 The passage primarily discusses （ A） the deterioration of society （ B） religious teaching is indispensable in adolescent education （ C） schools should teach other than traditional knowledge （ D） some parents failure to bring up their children properly 2 What is the function of
11、 the first three paragraphs? （ A） To illustrate more social troubles occurring today. （ B） To display the discontent of some residents in the community. （ C） To show the authors disgust for the taxation. （ D） To serve as examples to call for public attention to moral education among children. 3 Ever
12、ything is mentioned as a bad behavior EXCEPT_. （ A） school yard bullying （ B） family violence （ C） deserted children （ D） failure to support the old 4 What is false according to the passage? （ A） So far social problems have not drawn any attention of either educators or socialists. （ B） Teachers and
13、 parents have not taught children by personal examples-nowadays. （ C） Troubles with feelings are also a kind of social problems. （ D） Only those children with profuse knowledge intelligently and socially can deal with the changing world. 5 What does “the former“ (Line 3, Para. 11) refer to? （ A） Tra
14、ditional facts and skills. （ B） Social and emotional development. （ C） Adolescents and adults. （ D） Social or emotional problems. 5 The arrival on our TV screens of “Vice Versa“, the story where a pompous father changes places with his downtrodden schoolboy son is a welcome reminder that there are o
15、ther forms of role-reversal besides the one where father washes nappies and mother drives a truck. There are countless other reversals that upset us all the time. From the moment a mother asks her child to thread a needle for her one such reversal is under way: its only a matter of time before the y
16、ounger boss their elders as once they were bossed as kids. The man who used to have jobs to offer is made redundant, and for the first time in years feels what its like to have to ask for work. Theres a lot of role-reversal in those activities which are for some reason called Leisure the ones which
17、involve sweating up mountains, risking rupture at the end of a rope or clinging to the tiller in a gale. Dad, who doesnt know which way up is a spoon in his own home kitchen, in camp suddenly becomes a fussy old maid about not leaving the washing up. while mother lies back in the grass thinking who
18、cares? At least those reversals are temporary; and temporary reversals have one incontestable blessing; they let you see how it feels to be the other guy. A few years back the observer investigated some role-reversed couples, and found that most of them reverted to a more conventional pattern when s
19、ome phase or crisis was over; the big advantage, they all said, was that now they knew what the other party had to put up with. You dont always know, though, whether the reversal is temporary. Money, for example: Max Beerbohm wrote a beautiful description of the host who couldnt be a good guest, but
20、 its one thing to be a guest just this once, or because youve forgotten your wallet; quite another when youre unemployed with no expense account. In our family, we do change places over money, since both of us tend to spend when weve been working hard and be very skinflint when we havent. So the bem
21、used children see that at one moment Daddys the big spender, lashing out on cameras and little trips abroad, while Mummy would be biting her nails, except that shes saving all nail clippings this month to make pancleaners. Yet at other times the most necessary expenses send their father into spasm,
22、while I insouciantly write cheques with a song on my lips. I only hope it teaches them flexibility. (426 words) 6 What is the most reasonable role-reversal situation? （ A） The child becomes the breadwinner in a family. （ B） The man stays at home while the woman goes out to work. （ C） The mother beco
23、mes a drunkard while the father abstains from drinking. （ D） The child bosses his mother and refuses to do what he should. 7 In the third paragraph, the writer indicates that_. （ A） women tend to take a rest more often than men （ B） a change of environment produces a change of roles （ C） if they wis
24、h, men can do a better job in the kitchen than women （ D） in order to change their roles, many people like to enjoy their holidays in the mountains 8 What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? （ A） We like to change places since we have enough money. （ B） Both the couple a
25、ct as a big spender and a cheapskate alternatively. （ C） We prefer different places to money. （ D） We move to another place once we have obtained a certain amount of money. 9 Why would Mummy be “biting her nails“, based on the context? （ A） She might be worrying about the state of the family finance
26、s. （ B） Since her nails were too long and did not have a pair of nailscissors at hand, she had to bite her nails. （ C） She wanted to kill time by biting her nails. （ D） She hated her husband for his not being able to understand her. 10 What is NOT true of role-reversal? （ A） It lets you see how it f
27、eels to be the other guy. （ B） Once the two reverse their roles, they will never revert back to their conventional patterns. （ C） It will help you understand the other party better. （ D） Role-reversal is applicable to any two persons related. 10 Zoos are among mankinds oldest institutions, dating ba
28、ck at least 4 500 years, and probably more. Across the world they have brought together and displayed live wild animals for people to look at and over the years hundreds of millions have. Any institution with so long a history and so universally attended must reach something in people deeper than id
29、le curiosity. Since it is fashionable to speak of roots today, it might be suggested that zoos allow us to stay in touch with our most primitive roots in a primeval world where human survival depended on knowing the shapes and habits of wild animals. So important were wild creatures to our distant a
30、ncestors that they were the most frequent subjects of paintings on cave walls, formed the basis for virtually all early religions, and were numerous instances worshipped as gods. Now our survival is threatened more by what we ourselves have worked, and by the stresses of living among these creations
31、, that is by wild animals to whom we relegate less and less living space with each passing year. The exponential growth of human population and the ever-increasing sprawl of cities do even more. In this world the need for good zoological gardens is urgent. People live in brick concrete and glass env
32、ironments where they lose all touch with wilderness. Children grow up having never tried to catch a frog, never seen a hawk soar or a deer step daintily into a forest clearing let alone watched a herd of elephants amble across the savannah or a pride of lions stalk prey. People who have the time and
33、 money can take an occasional trip to the remaining wilderness. For millions of others who are unable to leave the cities or cant afford to, good zoos laid out among plants and trees can bring what conservationist Ian Player calls “a taste of wilderness. “ Perhaps more important in the long run, zoo
34、s can help give deprived people of an awareness that we share the world with many other animals and should have a decent regard for their worth and right to live. If zoos did no more than accomplish these two ends, they would serve a noble purpose. As it happens, however, todays zoos can do far more
35、. They can become breeding centers for those wild species whose continued existence has become precarious. The term “captive breeding“ has been used to describe this new role of zoos, and this book describes the effort the most important task that zoos have yet undertaken. (429 words) 11 What is the
36、 main idea of the passage? （ A） The roles of zoos. （ B） The development of zoos. （ C） The problems with zoos. （ D） The roots of zoos. 12 What does “hundreds of millions“ (Line 3, Para. 1) refer to? （ A） Zoos in the whole world. （ B） People who have seen the wild animals in the zoo. （ C） Live wild an
37、imals displayed. （ D） Persons in charge of zoos. 13 Why does the author say that the knowledge of the shapes and habits of wild animals was important to our ancestors? （ A） Because they loved animals so much. （ B） Because animals were the frequent subject of their paintings. （ C） Because they needed
38、 them to form a religion. （ D） Because they wanted to live in safety, preventing themselves from being hurt by animals. 14 According to the author, the benefits of building zoos in cities include each aspect EXCEPT_. （ A） helping people realize the earth should be possessed by both human beings and
39、animals （ B） saving traveling expenses to see wilderness or wild animals （ C） having people exposed to wilderness （ D） making all the wild animals taken better care of 15 This passage may be adopted from （ A） a book review （ B） the preface to a book （ C） the lecture on a book （ D） the advertisement
40、of a book 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 21答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 全文叙说的是年轻人的道德观在下降，作 者认为这个问题的加强主要责任在于学校。参考文章最后一段。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 A、 B和 C都是摆出社会道德败坏后的结果，从而引起家长和学校要加强对青少年的道德教育。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 A“孩子在学校会受人欺负 ”等同于 school yard bully； B“家庭暴力 ”等同于 spousal ab
41、use。 C“被遗弃的孩子 ”虽然在文章中没有明确叙说，但 high divorce rates和 homelessness都可能会导致孩子被遗弃。 D“不赡养老人 ”在文章里没有提到，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章中提到加拿大社会学家和教育家 Bill Allin写了一本书，题为Turning It Around： Causes andCures for Todays Epidemic Social Problems，所以我们不能说迄今还没有引起教育家和社会学家的注意，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 指前面
42、一句中的 traditional facts and skills，这些课堂知识妨碍了社交和情感方面知识的接受。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本文的主题是 role-reversal“角色的转换 ”。在这四个选项当中，B“父亲在家，母亲去外干活 ”应该算得上是最现实的角色转换，故选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段想说的是，人们在参加各种活动的时候，会不自觉地转换角色。这就说明， B“环境的改变，人的角色也会随之改变 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 B项意思为 “夫
43、妻俩在花钱问题上都是一会儿大方，一会儿小气 ”。最后一段第一句中的 skinflint是 “小气鬼 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 biting her nails是短语，是一种隐喻说 法，意思为 “焦虑 ”，人在紧张或担忧的时候往往会咬自己的手 指甲。最后一段叙述的是，夫妻俩在经济方面也会因有钱或无钱而产生不同的反应。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 B项的意思为 “一旦两个人调换了角色，他们就再也不能回到他们的老样子了 ”，这是不对的，与第五段内容不符。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】
44、A 【试题解析】 从全文，特别是带有总结性的最后一段可以看出，本篇讨论的是动物园的作用，故选 A。 【 知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 观看过这些动物的人。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第一段第四句后半部分可以看出，原始社会的人如果对动物的形状和习性不了解的话，他们的生存就会受到威胁。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 动物园不可能更好地照顾世界上所有的动物，再说文章中没有提及。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文章最后半句 th is book describes the effort中的 this book可以判断出该篇文章是书的前言。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
