1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 24及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Roger Rosenblatts book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often serv
2、ed as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayles recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,
3、 its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatts literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which sole
4、ly political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason other than the racial identity of the author? Second, how does Black fiction make itse
5、lf distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eight years, he discovers recurring conc
6、erns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it. Black Fiction does le
7、ave some aesthetic questions open, Rosenblatt s thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting
8、 results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomers Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this
9、technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study
10、. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnsons Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and is forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetratin
11、g criticism. (444 words) 1 The author of the passage objects to the Black fiction made by Addison Gayle because it （ A） emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction （ B） misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction （ C） overlooks the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction
12、 （ D） substitutes sociopolitical criteria for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction 2 The author of the passage wrote this passage in order to _. （ A） give a fair comment on Black Fiction （ B） compare various critical approaches to the subject （ C） discuss the limitations of Black Fiction （ D
13、） summarize the major points of Black Fiction 3 The authors discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as_. （ A） pedantic and contentious （ B） critical but admiring （ C） ironic and deprecating （ D） argumentative but unfocused 4 What would a research of Black fiction LEAST likely deal with? （
14、A） An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of Black writers. （ B） A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by Black authors. （ C） A literary study of Black poetry that appraises the merits of poems according to the political acceptabi
15、lity of their themes. （ D） An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition. 5 What is NOT one of the merits of Black Fiction mentioned by the author? （ A） Rosenblatt adopted a different kind of aesthetic in his writing. （ B） Black Fiction touches various kinds of novels. （ C） The
16、 writing structure is well done. （ D） Criticism in Black Fiction is sharp, brief to the point. 5 Achieving a sustainable lifestyle today is of paramount importance for the health of future generations. The devastation of our natural environment by individuals and corporations who carelessly pollute
17、the water and air, clearcut forests, and destroy topsoil and natural habitats is in many cases irreversible. Those of us living an urban or suburban lifestyle may just be beginning to feel the repercussions of our industrial lifestyle in the form of climate change. However, the perpetuation of anti-
18、environment practices is sure to cause consequences that we cannot even imagine. The world in which we live is a system in which all elements interrelate and coexist in a harmonious balance of creation and destruction. Nothing exists or functions in isolation. Everything is interconnected and every
19、act affects the future of countless other elements. This concept, also known as systems thinking, is easy to see when observing an ecosystem, especially when the harmony of that ecosystem is disrupted. The extinction or reduction of one species rebounds through the entire food chain, causing havoc o
20、n the lives of the rest of the species. A sustainable lifestyle is one that seeks to harmonize with the elements of the natural world. We can use the forces of nature to our advantage, without abusing them and causing as little disturbance to the natural environment as possible. One such example is
21、harnessing the energy of the sun. Solar energy can be captured in a variety of ways. The most basic way, passive solar energy, refers to the type of construction materials used and their placement. For example, a house designed to face the south allows the heat of the sun to warm the house all day l
22、ong. Add to that other passive solar features such as thermal mass and the house is already well on its way to energy-independence. Industrialism and the Information Age have provided our society with the tools it needs to reverse our current path of environmental degradation. Solar panel technology
23、 and the multitude of other inventions for collecting the energy of the sun are constantly improving and becoming more affordable. We may also gather energy from the wind, water, ground and even our own waste products. The key to becoming sustainable as individuals and as a society is our own willin
24、gness to change and to be creative. Permaculture is a design system that guides us to build and manage sustainable living and working environments in which all of the elements overlap and interrelate to create a functioning whole. Combining our knowledge of ecological principles with our earth-frien
25、dly technology we have only to succeed in achieving a more sustainable lifestyle today, and a brighter future for our children and grandchildren. (444 words) 6 What is the definition of “sustainable lifestyle“(Line 1, Para. 1) in this passage? （ A） Seek for a wealthy life. （ B） Protect ecological sy
26、stem. （ C） Treat wild animals well. （ D） Use the forces of nature. 7 Which of the following is NOT a natural devastation? （ A） Cut trees. （ B） Abuse land. （ C） Destroy animal quarters. （ D） Application of solar energy. 8 What statement is false according to the passage? （ A） Natural resources are no
27、t renewable. （ B） Living creatures depend on plants. （ C） Both individuals and corporations are responsible for the degradation of ecology. （ D） Fortunately we havent suffered from what we have done to nature. 9 What is the key solution to environmental problem? （ A） Solar panel technology. （ B） Per
28、maculture. （ C） Industrialism. （ D） Not mentioned in the passage. 10 What is the attitude of the author? （ A） Pessimistic. （ B） Optimistic. （ C） Apathetic. （ D） Indignant. 10 Like high pay? Have self-confidence? Know food; write well? Ghostwriting may be a career move for motivated writers who are w
29、illing to write for high pay but no credit or byline. Simply put, a ghostwriter is someone who writes a book, speech, an article or editorial that will be published under someone elses name. Celebrity autobiographies are usually written by ghostwriters and established novelists have been known to su
30、pply the plot and outline to a ghostwriter who takes the book the rest of the way to publication. People who need ghostwriters are those who have a recognizable name or business and either cannot write well enough for publication, or do not have the time to write for publication. In a ghostwriting f
31、oodies dream, a celebrity chef will give the idea, notes, outlines and rough drafts to the writer who will write, rewrite, research, interview and edit the manuscript heading to a publisher. The celebrity chefs name and photo will grace the book cover. Her recipes and tips. and the ability to get he
32、r book in bookstores everywhere as well as the cachet to ge: booked on Oprah will get the book published and marketed. Whats in it for the ghostwriter? Anywhere from $ 100 per finished page to a split of the royalties. Ghostwriters need to keep their connection with their work confidential, and have
33、 a willingness to work around the clients travel and work schedules. As in every writing assignment food writers win. strong writing and editing skills are essential. Most ghostwritten books are promoted as written by the client, so a strong ego able to withstand reading the praise of the clients wr
34、iting is also a must. When looking for ghost food writing work, be cautious with the auction sites. Neophytes bid low for jobs; you dont want to bid a book that nets you only $ 1 a page. Instead, visit sites that list jobs writers weekly. com, writing-world, com, craigslist. com or find an editorial
35、 firm that does ghost writing and see if they are hiring out any work. Break into ghost food writing by contacting trade magazines with your writing samples. Dazzle them with your writing and the editors are likely to match you with an executive chef or restaurateur who cant write but will bring pre
36、stige to the magazine. Food writers can turn their culinary knowledge into ghost writing by looking for jobs ghostwriting cookbooks for famous chefs, penning speeches for food executives, writing trade articles for food research scientists, blogging for a local culinary artist, and creating “autobio
37、graphies“ for owners of food manufacturing firms and Food Network hosts. Keep working behind the scenes and you can build up a lucrative career as a ghost food writer. (449 words) 11 All qualifications are needed as a ghostwriter EXCEPT （ A） college degree （ B） professional knowledge （ C） skillful i
38、n writing （ D） self-confidence 12 What does “byline“(Line 3, Para. 1) mean? （ A） A second job to do. （ B） Profession of his own. （ C） Indication of the writers name. （ D） Guidance or help from the publisher. 13 A ghostwriter can do anything EXCEPT_. （ A） consult any other books （ B） let others know
39、the fact that he wrote the book （ C） have an interview with the publisher （ D） work around the clients timetable 14 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） Ghostwriting is illegal. （ B） Ghostwriting is a newly-born business. （ C） Ghostwriting will become more popular in the future. （ D） Ghostwri
40、ting can never happen in China. 15 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? （ A） The ghostwriter can become famous after he writes the book for a celebrity. （ B） The client should give another tip to the ghostwriter. （ C） Writing with a payment of $1 a page can be considered a worthwhile
41、job to do. （ D） The ghostwriter can get certain amount of payment in ratio of the book circulation. 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 24答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 文章第一段已清楚地表明， Addison Gayle最近出的书用的是社会政治标准来评价黑人小说，是不对 的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 作者对 Rosenblatt所写的黑人小说一书给以较高的评价，但同时在第四
42、段也指出了它的不足之 处，所以我们认为作者对黑人小说的评介是公正的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考上面一题的解释。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 C项讨论的是诗歌，是黑人小说研究者最不可能讨论的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 最后一段是作者对黑人小说摆出的优点，没有提到 A项内容。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段第一句是对 sustainable lifestyle所下的定义。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】
43、利用太阳能是好事。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段第三句已经说明，住在城里或郊区的人已经感受到了因工厂污染导致的天气变化，故选 D。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 最后一段第一句和第二句认为， permaculture“永久培养 ”是我们扭转这个恶劣局面的关键。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从作者在文章中所提出的很多解决问题的方法，比例说利用工业、信息业知识，利用永久培养技术 等，我们认为作者对于环境的态度是乐观的，故选 B。 A“悲观的 ”、 C“不感兴趣的 ”、 D“气愤的 ”。 【知识模块
44、】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第六段是对代写者的要求，学历没有提到，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 byline汉语的意思为 “署名行 ”。过去的英语文章要求在题目下面注上作者名字。不仅如此还要在 名字的前面加上 by，表示由谁而写，现在没有这项要求了，但 byline的说法保留了下来。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确 答案】 B 【试题解析】 整个第六段讲的是，代写者一定要严守秘密，不能让别人知道是自己代写的，并且如果有人认为该 作品是他人代写的，原作者也要能够承受这种委屈。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 这是一道推理题，也就是说虽然文章中没有明确的叙说，但通过我们所掌握的知识和对文章的理 解，我们还是可以判断出， “代人写作 ”已经成为了一种行业，因为市场上存在这种供求关系。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 参考第五段。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
