1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 For most of us. the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable e
2、xtent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredo
3、m, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital pa
4、rt in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative. Inequality at work and in work is still
5、 one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created by inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on. Still less can we hope to creat
6、e a decent and humane society. The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibil
7、ity; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all t
8、heir working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable for themselves by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed
9、that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine. As a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in pu
10、blic or in private ownership. (450 words) 1 In the writers opinion, people judge others by_. （ A） the type of work they do （ B） the place where they work （ C） the time they spend at work （ D） the amount of money they earn 2 According to the writer, in the future, work will_. （ A） matter less than it
11、 does now （ B） be as important as it is now （ C） be better paid than it is now （ D） offer more satisfaction 3 What does the writer think is needed to solve our industrial problems? （ A） A reduction in the number of strikes. （ B） Equality in salaries. （ C） A more equal distribution of responsibility
12、at work. （ D） An improvement in moral standards. 4 What is the most striking privilege for being a manager according to the author? （ A） He cannot lose his job. （ B） He can leave his office any time. （ C） He can fire whomever he dislikes. （ D） He has opportunity to initiate. 5 Working conditions gen
13、erally remain bad because_. （ A） the workers are quite satisfied with them （ B） no one can decide what to do about them （ C） managers see no need to change them （ D） office workers want to protect their positions 5 The worlds first treaty aimed at cutting tobacco-related deaths has come into force.
14、The World Health Organizations Framework Convention on Tobacco Control becomes legally binding upon countries that have ratified the landmark agreement. The World Health Organization says it believes the Tobacco Convention, the worlds first international public health treaty, could save millions of
15、lives. The WHO says tobacco is the second leading cause of preventable deaths globally after hypertension. The WHO estimates that nearly five million people die prematurely every year from tobacco-related diseases. If current smoking trends are not reversed, the WHO warns by 2020, tobacco will kill
16、10 million people a year, 70 percent of them in developing countries. The coordinator of the WHOs Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Douglas Bettcher, says the treaty is a tool that, if properly implemented, can curb the global tobacco epidemic. “It is a historical moment and we are very confi
17、dent that this treaty is going to save lives,“ said Douglas Bettcher. “It has already started off a powerful process globally and we are very confident that it is going to continue to do so and it is going to prove itself as a very effective public health tool to really curb this unacceptable burden
18、 of disease and death. “ In all, 167 countries have signed the treaty. But, it is legally binding only for the 57 countries that have ratified it. The treaty sets standards and guidelines for tobacco advertising, pricing and smuggling. It also aims to limit non-smokers exposure to other peoples smok
19、e. Anti-tobacco activists are concerned that the treaty will be weakened because powerful countries such as the United States and China have not yet ratified it. However, they point out that some of the largest tobacco growers, such as India, as well as big cigarette-producing countries, such as Bri
20、tain and Turkey, have become part of the treaty. The director of the WHOs Tobacco Free Initiative, Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva says treaty provisions aim to dissuade children from smoking and helping adults to kick the habit. “The ban of advertising so as not to promote smoking propaganda, publicity
21、, sponsorship and promotion,“ said Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva. “Measures to raise taxes and prices. One of the most important measures that I can describe is the measure that addresses smuggling, which is a big cause of increasing availability of cigarettes with small prices and cigarettes of total
22、ly unknown origin. “ WHO officials accuse the tobacco industry of trying to subvert the treaty by pressuring countries not to ratify it. Leading tobacco companies, such as British-American Tobacco and Philip Morris, deny these charges. They are on record as saying that they believe the treaty is imp
23、ortant and they support it. (451 words) 6 What is the first leading cause of preventable deaths? （ A） Hypertension. （ B） Cigarettes. （ C） Heart disease. （ D） Diabetes. 7 The worlds first treaty aimed at cutting tobacco-related deaths will take effect legally in_. （ A） the world （ B） the US （ C） 167
24、countries （ D） 57 countries 8 Which of the following is false according to the passage? （ A） The world biggest countries have not ratified this treaty. （ B） WHO officials file a lawsuit against the leading tobacco companies. （ C） China has not ratified the treaty yet. （ D） Few countries can be devoi
25、d of smuggled cigarettes. 9 What has NOT been written into the treaty? （ A） Standards for tobacco pricing. （ B） Punishment to heavy smokers. （ C） Protection for non-smokers from exposure to others smoke. （ D） Guidelines for tobacco smuggling. 10 Why did Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva say measures on ci
26、garette smuggling is most important? （ A） Because smuggled cigarettes are usually cheaper, it is harder to prevent, it spreading. （ B） Because smuggled cigarettes are of worse quality. （ C） Because smokers will pay double price for the same brand cigarette. （ D） Because smokers in one country are no
27、t accustomed to the cigarettes with a different smell from another country. 10 Marianne Hardwick was timid and unadventurous, her vitality consumed by physical activity and longing, her intelligence by indecisiveness, but this had less to do with the innate characteristics of the weaker sex (as her
28、father. Creighton Montgomery, called it) than with the enfeebling circumstances of her upbringing. Creighion Montgomery had enough money to mould his daughters according to his misconceptions: girls were not meant to fend for themselves so he protected them from life, which is to say that Marianne M
29、ontgomery grew up without making any vital choices for herself. Prevented from acquiring the habits of freedom and strength of character which grow from decisionmaking, very rich girls, whose parents have the means to protect them in such a crippling fashion, are the last representatives of Victoria
30、n womanhood. Though they may have the boldest manners and most up-to-date ideas, they share their great-grandmothers humble dependence. Most parents these days have to rely on their force of personality and whatever love and respect they can inspire to exert any influence over their children at all,
31、 but there is still an awful lot of parental authority that big money can buy. Multi-millionaires have more of everything than ordinary mortals, including more parent power, and their sons and daughters have about as much opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations as they would have
32、had in the age of absolute monarchy. The great divide between the generations, which is so much taken for granted that no one remarks on it any longer, is the plight of the lower and middle classes, whose children begin to drift away as soon as they are old enough to go to school. The parents cannot
33、 control the school, and have even less say as to what company and ideas the child will be exposed to; nor can they isolate him from the public mood, the spirit of the age. It is an often-heard complaint of the middle-class mother, for instance, that she must let her children watch television for ho
34、urs on end every day if she is to steal any time for herself. The rich have no such problems; they can keep their offspring busy from morning to night without being near them for a minute more than they choose to be, and can exercise almost total control over their environment. As for schooling, the
35、y can hand-pick tutors with sound views to come to the children, who may never leave the grounds their parents own, in town, in the country, by the sea, unless for an exceptionally secure boarding school or a well-chaperoned trip abroad. It would have been easier for little Marianne Montgomery to go
36、 to Cairo than to the nearest newsstand. (452 words) 11 What is the main idea of the passage? （ A） The rich control their childrens lives without being near them. （ B） The generation gap only occurs in the lower and middle classes. （ C） Rich parents have more authority over their children than poor
37、parents. （ D） Very rich girls are rather dependent as a result of being overprotected by their parents. 12 The author implies that Marianne Hardwicks timidity and unadventurousness were closely associated with the_. （ A） innate characteristics of the weaker sex （ B） way she was brought up （ C） consu
38、mption of her vitality （ D） her physical activity and longing 13 The phrase “to fend for themselves“ (Line 6, Para. 1) most probably means （ A） to present themselves （ B） to isolate themselves （ C） to be proud of themselves （ D） to look after themselves 14 It can be inferred from the second paragrap
39、h that multimillionaires children have （ A） little opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations than ordinary children （ B） more opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations than ordinary children （ C） as much opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations as
40、ordinary children （ D） absolute opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations 15 What is the implication of the last sentence of the whole passage? （ A） Marianne prefers to travel farther than just nearby. （ B） Nobody is richer than Marinne, since the later can go so far away. （ C） Mari
41、anne does not have much freedom. （ D） Marianne finds it easier to go to Cairo than to the nearest newsstand. 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 26答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考第一段第三句后半部分。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第一段第六句说明将来的工作与现在的工作同等的重要 ，故选 B。其他三项的内容在文章里没有提到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】
42、C 【试题解析】 参考第二段第二句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第三段开头说的是做经理的好处，但到了第五句才是最根本的好处。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 由于掌管一个企业的是经理，所以如果他安于现状，那么工作环境自然得不到改善，故选 C。其他三项内容在文章里都没有提到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识 模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第二段第二句说 ,香烟导致的死亡率居高血压导致的死亡率之后，所以第一杀手是高血压。 D“糖尿病 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第四段第二句说
43、，目前只有 57个国家认同，所以这项协议只能在这些国家生效。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考最后一段第一句， WHO组织是对整个烟草行业而不是对烟草巨头起诉。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 B项内容在条例中没有。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考第六段最后一句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 全文除了第三段前几句说的是不富裕家庭的情况，其他部分都在讨论有钱人家的孩子的教育问题。即使谈论到不富裕家庭孩子教育的情况也只是为了与富裕家庭对孩子的教育情况做个对比。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从文章第一段可 知，这种性格与成长环境有关。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 fend for oneself“照顾自己 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 从第二段最后一句 “他们的儿女按照自己意愿发展的机会如同在十足的君主制时代一样是非常少的 ”，故选 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 最后一句说，她去开罗比去附近的报亭还容易。暗指她没有自由。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
