1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 27及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Mount Rainier, the highest mountain in Washington State, reaches to more than 14 410 feet (4 392 meters) above sea level. Though it is a dormant volcano (having last erupted 150 years ago) encased in over 35 square miles of snow and ice. steam vents
2、 in the summit craters suggest the volcano is not extinct. Even though it was built up to its towering height above the surrounding country by repeated eruptions and successive flows of hot lava, it is the slow and unstoppable power of glacial ice that is now reshaping it. Glaciers are essentially a
3、ccumulations of snow that has not melted from year to year. As the snow accumulates, its weight presses the air out from between the crystals and packs the snow down tight, compressing it to a sponge-like, porous ice called firn or neve. Each year as a new layer of snow is added, the lower layers ar
4、e compressed more and more, becoming harder and harder until finally the lower layers become as hard as ordinary ice. Then gravity pulls the ice down the mountainside, both scouring and smoothing the bedrock underneath it as it moves. The seasonal freezing and thawing breaks rocks from adjacent slop
5、es, which then fail onto the glaciers surface. The passing ice carries the debris away. Thus, what has been created by fire is destroyed by ice. A particularly amazing feature of Mount Rainier is the ice caves that are scattered along its flanks. They are formed when small grottos are melted out alo
6、ng the sides of the glacier. Rainiers two ice-filled summit craters each support a network of ice caves which arc carved by heat and volcanic emissions from deep inside the mountain. This happens when the firn ice created from the continual accumulation of snow in the summit craters starts to melt f
7、rom the heat that rises along the crater walls of the volcano. The currents of warm air melt chambers between the rock walls of the mountain and the firn ice. As the process continues, a complex network a maze -of large caves and tunnels is created throughout the interior of the crater. This whole p
8、rocess depends on maintaining a rather delicate balance. In order for the process to continue, enough snow must fall each year to fill the craters and replace the ice that has melted underneath. But, if too little heat is emitted, and the snow steadily accumulates, then the ice will expand, pushing
9、itself against the crater walls and filling the caverns with ice. On the other hand, if more steam is emitted than the amount of firn created, the ice pack will melt away, destroying the ice caves. It is in this manner that Mount Rainier s huge Paradise Ice Caves melted away in the 19th century. (45
10、9 words) 1 What is true of Mount Rainer according to the first paragraph? （ A） It is the highest maintain in Washington DC. （ B） It is an active volcano. （ C） It has erupted only once. （ D） The new form of Mount Rainer results from glacial ice. 2 What does “glacier“(Line 1, Para. 2) mean? （ A） The s
11、ummit of a mountain. （ B） A stream of water melting from ice. （ C） Mass of ice formed by snow. （ D） The ice cave. 3 What is the typical character of Mountain Rainier? （ A） Ice caves. （ B） The debris of rocks. （ C） Caters. （ D） A maze. 4 What causes the formation of firn ice? （ A） Gravity. （ B） Conti
12、nual accumulation of snow. （ C） Volcanic emission. （ D） Snow melting. 5 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Paradise Ice Caves used to be in Mount Rainier. （ B） The seasonal freezing and thawing can break rocks. （ C） Some dormant volcanoes can erupt. （ D） Firn is like a
13、 sponge, soft to touch. 5 Has anyone seen my extra digital camera battery? Im that desperate. I am not adapting well to this world where valuable electronics are growing smaller every year. Everything about my camera is precarious. Instead of a closet full of bulky photo albums which are difficult t
14、o lose (or in my case, stacks of photos stuffed in shoe boxes), the visual montage of my life over the last five years is sitting on a perfectly fallible hard disk on my laptop. None of the backup options work for me. I was thinking about backing up all my photos on CDs, but with CDs strewn randomly
15、 around the house and in the car, Im worried that my irreplaceable pictures from Penang and Santo Domingo will be discarded along with pile of AOL trial disks or misplaced in some Los Lobos CD case forever. Those memory sticks are trouble too. Anything smaller than a pack of gum is bound to end up l
16、ost beneath the sofa cushions. And, Im constantly looking for that sleek little cord I need to transfer photos from the camera. I need a camera cord thats 30-feet long and Day-Glo orange so I can hang v. from a hook in the garage. I usually find the cord in a little zippered pouch where I also keep
17、a spare memory care thats about the size of a Cheez-It. But, I feel the need to put the pouch into a larger pouch so I dont lose it. So, whats the point of being compact, if I have to store these gizmos in something large to keep track of them? Im not used to having tiny, valuable things. If I lose
18、a Tic-Tac package, I can cope. but my new MP3 player of the same size is worth a hundred bucks. People with expensive jewelry are used to keeping track of small things, so maybe I need a jewelry case to keep all my electronics. Anything that is small enough for my pants pocket is living on borrowed
19、time. I learned that several years ago when a $ 90 pair of sunglasses went through the washers spin cycle unsuccessfully. Since then, I consider sunglasses a disposable product and never spend more than $ 12 a pair. Thats why Ive been clinging to my clunky old mobile phone, a five-year-old Nokia, th
20、e size of a kosher dill. Ive been rebuffing Cingulars offers for a “free“ upgrade phone until they offer one that can survive a few washings. I even misplace my laptop sometimes. This was not a problem 40 years ago. I hearken back to a time when computers, though slow and feeble, couldnt be misplace
21、d without the aid of a forklilt. So seriously, if you see a Canon camera battery lying around, its mine. (460 words) 6 What can we tell from the first sentence of the passage? （ A） The author has lost his battery. （ B） The battery the author has lost is very expensive. （ C） The authors digital camer
22、a wont be able to work with that battery. （ D） It illustrates the authors embarrassment about so many small accessories of digital products. 7 Up to now, the author has placed his photos anywhere EXCEPT_. （ A） in his photo albums （ B） on CDs （ C） on his laptop （ D） in memory sticks 8 What does “falh
23、ble“(Line 3, Para. 3) mean? （ A） Of cutting edge. （ B） Uncertain. （ C） Easy to fall down. （ D） Possessed of a large amount of space. 9 The underlined sentence “Anything that is small enough for my pants pocket is living on borrowed time“ indicates that _. （ A） pocketed things can survive for a long
24、lime （ B） things which can be put into pockets are easy to lose （ C） pocketed things are as precious as borrowed ones （ D） smaller things overweigh larger ones 10 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） The authors reminiscence of the past and the complaint about today. （ B） Contrast between old prod
25、ucts and new inventions. （ C） Electronics are more troublesome than other commodities. （ D） The authors complaint of smallness of valuable electronics. 10 It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on
26、 the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter f
27、actories. Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so. women would give up their femininity. Fredrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitm
28、ent of the whole female sex, into public industry. “ Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives. Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption o
29、f transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. The empl
30、oyment of young women in textile mills during the industrial revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for
31、beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880 s created a new class of “dead-end“ jobs, thenceforth considered “womens work“. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the ,home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an inc
32、rease in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrunk the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving
33、from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women
34、 as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labour remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision oi the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary
35、in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labour market and in the home. (461 words) 11 Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage? （ A） The effects of the mechanization of womens work
36、 have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary. （ B） Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society s traditional values and the customary roles of its members. （ C） Mechanization has caused the nature of womens work to chang
37、e since the Industrial Revolution. （ D） The mechanization of womens work, while extremely revolutionary in its effects, has not on the whole had the deleterious effects that some critics have feared. 12 It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of women
38、s work was done in_. （ A） textile mills （ B） private households （ C） offices （ D） factories 13 What was true of many employers before the Industry Revolution? （ A） They did not employ any female workers in factories. （ B） They tended to employ single rather than married women. （ C） They employed wom
39、en in only those jobs that were related to womens traditional household. （ D） They resisted technological innovations that would radically change womens roles. 14 What is the real reason for the increase in the number of married women employed in the 20th century? （ A） There were not enough single w
40、omen workers available. （ B） Married women had more free time. （ C） The mechanization of housework made them feel that jobs outside were very easy. （ D） They were tired of doing the same housework every day. 15 Which of the following best describes the function of the last sentence of the passage? （
41、 A） It sums up the general points concerning the mechanization of work made in the passage as a whole. （ B） It concludes that the effects of mechanization on women in the labour market and in the home proved contrary to the traditional assumption presented in the passage as a whole. （ C） It restates
42、 the point concerning technology made in the previous sentence. （ D） It qualifies the authors agreement with scholars who argue for a major revision in the assessment of the impact of mechanization on society. 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 27答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 从第一段最后一句后半部分
43、可以看出，现在的山形是冰川所致。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参考第二段第一句，冰川是常年积雪形成的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考第三段第一句，冰洞是该山的特色。 【知识模块】 阅 读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考第二段第二句。 firn或 neve是 “冰原、粒雪 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 粒雪像海绵状，只是表现在多孔方面；粒雪不像海绵那样摸上去很软。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一句是引言，一种例子，表明
44、作者老是丢昂贵的电子产品附件。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 过去他把照片放在 相册里，而现在他把照片都放在电子产品里，但从来没有放在过 CD里，第四段里的 “I was thinking about”说明曾经想过。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 fallible是 “不稳定，容易出差错 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 live on borrowed time是 “持久不了 ”之意。此句的大意为：小到能放入口袋里的东西总是要不了多久就会不见的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 D 【
45、试题解析】 本篇的写作目的是抱怨贵重的电子产品不应该做得太小。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章第一段讲述的是一般人，包括一些专家都认为新技术解放了妇女。第二段的第一句是转折句，同时也是主题句 “历史学家，特别是研究妇女历史的人现在对新技术给妇女带来的转变表示质疑 ”。文章最后的结论是新技术制约了妇女在家庭和劳动市场上的地位提高。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 B 【试 题解析】 文章第二句提到工业革命使妇女从家庭走进工厂，这说明妇女在此之前是在家里做家务的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 参考文章第二段第三句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考文章第二段最后一句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 最后一句给出作者自己的结论。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
