1、考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Gorillas and chimpanzees possess a rudimentary speech center within their brains that until now was thought to be unique to humans, scientists have found. Brain scans of the apes mans closest living relatives have revealed a small, lopsided(不平衡的 ) st
2、ructure buried in the front part of the head which in human is critical for language. The structure, Brodmanns area 44, is part of the language center known as Brocas area, and the scans reveal that it is larger and more developed in the left, half of the apes brain than in the right hemisphere just
3、 as it is in humans. Claudio Canialupo and William Hopkins, who conducted the study at the Yerkes Primate Research Center at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, were surprised thai such a critical feature within the apes brain had gone unnoticed. Unlike humans, apes do not have language, and commu
4、nicate by grunts and hand movements. The scientists believe their brains show that the evolution of language is rooted in a common ape- human ancestor who lived more than five million years ago. Mr. Cantalupo and Mr. Hopkins say in the journal Nature-. “The part-possession by great apes of a homolog
5、ue(同族体 )of Brocas area is puzzling, particularly considering the discrepancy between sophisticated human speech and the primitive vocalizations of great apes. Chimpanzees and gorillas nevertheless share one thing in common with human communication they tend to use their right hands when grunting, wh
6、ich are controlled by the left-side of the brain. “Our findings suggest that the neuro-anatomical substrates(培养 基 ) for left-hemisphere dominance in speech production were evident at least five million years ago and are not unique to hominid (原始人类 ) evolution,“ the scientists say. “Whatever the func
7、tion of area 44 in great apes, our finding that these species show a human-like asymmetry. . . indicates that the origin of asymmetry in language-related areas of the human brain should be interpreted in evolutionary terms rather than being confined to the human species. “(317 words) 1 What does “ru
8、dimentary“ mean in the first sentence? （ A） Undeveloped. （ B） Primitive. （ C） Radical. （ D） Aggressive. 2 Which statement of the following is true according to the passage? （ A） Gorillas, chimpanzees and apes are the same. （ B） ft was believed that only humans have a speech center. （ C） Like humans,
9、 apes have their own language. （ D） Apes are ancestors of human beings. 3 The sameness between humans and gorillas lies in_. （ A） asymmetry in Brodmann s area 44 （ B） origin of the evolution of language （ C） neuro-anatomical substrates for left-hemisphere dominance in speech production （ D） communic
10、ation means 4 What is the new discovery according to the passage? （ A） Apes do have a primitive speech center. （ B） The similarities between humans and apes. （ C） With a speech center apes can be trained to speak. （ D） The discrepancies between sophisticated human speech and the primitive vocalizati
11、ons of great apes distinguish humans from apes. 5 What an important conclusion can we draw from the passage? （ A） Asymmetry in language-related areas of the human brain results from evolution rather than the uniqueness of humans. （ B） Brodmanns area 44 is also called Brocas area. （ C） Humans are mor
12、e intelligent apes. （ D） Apes can not speak due to the lack of a language center. 5 The Aleuts(阿留申人 ) were named so by Russians, but they call themselves Unangan which means “ the people. “ They are native inhabitants of islands stretching 1 800 kilometers southwest from the Alaskan mainland, which
13、are now called the Aleutian islands. They also inhabit some of the Alaskan peninsula. The men are hunters and fishermen and the women are very skilled cooks. The Aleutian people are racially and ethnically related to the Eskimo. They have small, well-shaped bodies， dark skin, dark eyes and black hai
14、r. Aleuts have their own language with two dialects; the Unalaskan. spoken in the eastern Aleutian, Shunagin and Fox islands, and the Auttan, spoken in the western Aleutian islands. Their first contact with outside people happened in the eighteenth century when Russian fur traders exploited the Aleu
15、ts ability to hunt sea mammals. Aleuts lived in villages consisting of several semisubterranean houses, marsh grass covered huts and small wooden structures called frame houses. The Aleuts hunt sea lion, seals, whales and fish out of the sea. They have skin-covered boats. The hunters in the Aleutian
16、 culture would have to obey hunting rules and taboos laid down by their local shamans, the shamans also dealt with their peoples sickness or injury. They dont hunt much on land anymore (birds only) because their hunting grounds were taken over by the Russian fur traders around 1750, they do however
17、raise sheep for clothes and food. During World War II Aleuts were evacuated from their islands to southeastern Alaska. This forced evacuation sped up the decline of their traditions, culture and way of life. The Russian fur traders contributed to the decline of the Aleut culture and the decline of t
18、he numbers of the native group by introducing smallpox and influenza. The Russians also forced the Aleuts into slavery and killed off many in a very barbaric fashion. It is very rare to find a full-blooded Aleut now; most of them are part Russian. When the Russians arrived in Aleutian Islands in the
19、 1700s, the population of the Aleut people was numbered about 25 000. Their present population differs between sources from 2 000 8 000. (319 words) 6 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） The Aleuts are also called Eskimo. （ B） The Aleutian peoples contact with the outside world. （ C） Russian fur
20、traders invading the Aleutian islands. （ D） The Aleutian peoples life and the decline of their culture and population. 7 What does “shamans“ (Line 6, Para. 2) probably mean? （ A） Policeman. （ B） Doctor. （ C） Wizard. （ D） Official. 8 What is NOT the cause of the decline of the Aleut culture? （ A） Wor
21、ld War II . （ B） The Russian invasion. （ C） The Aleutian peoples rules and taboos. （ D） Introduction of smallpox and influenza. 9 What statement is true according to the passage? （ A） The Aleuts are akin to the Eskimo. （ B） The Aleuts are the descendants of the Eskimo. （ C） The Russians killed off a
22、ll the Aleuts. （ D） The Aleuts refused to marry any Russian. 10 What statement is false according to the passage? （ A） The Aleuts have their own language. （ B） They dont hunt land animals because they are sea animal hunters. （ C） The population of Aleuts has been the smallest in history. （ D） Aleuts
23、 and “Unangan“ refer to the same people. 10 Many United States companies have, unfortunately, made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since f 980 the United States International Trade Commission(ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage fr
24、om imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped“ their products in the United States at “less than fair value. “ Even when no unfair practices are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient gro
25、unds to seek relief. Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop an intricate web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships make
26、s it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United
27、States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States, If the competitor can prove injury from the imports and that the United States received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad the Unit
28、ed States companys products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties. Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to de-ice roads.
29、 The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States“ company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian“ companies include
30、d a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt. (332 words) 11 The passage is chiefly concerned with （ A） arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporations （ B） warning that the application of import relief laws frequently h
31、as unintended consequences （ C） demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States government （ D） advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped“ products but not for other imports 12 Which of the follow
32、ing is NOT the complaint to ITC? （ A） A foreign competitor can injure a domestic company even the former sells its products at a fair price. （ B） A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States. （ C） A foreign competitor is selling products in the
33、 United States at lower prices. （ D） The company requesting import relief has been injured by imports in the United States. 13 What is the function of the last paragraph? （ A） It cites a specific case that illustrates what complexity a complaint might cause at last. （ B） It introduces an additional
34、area of concern not mentioned before. （ C） It discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the passage were not obtained. （ D） It presents a recommendation on how to solve the problem. 14 Which of the following is most likely to be true of United States trade laws? （
35、A） They will eliminate the practice of dumping“ products in the United States. （ B） They will enable manufacturers in the United States to compete more profitably outside the United States. （ C） They will affect United States trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations. （ D） The
36、help to one subsidiary is by no means the help to other units in terms of a parent company. 15 What is the attitude of the author towards the practice of import relief? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Positive. （ C） Negative. （ D） Neutral. 考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷 3答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 A
37、【试题解析】 rudimentary是 “未发展的 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 文章第一段清楚地表明了过去人们一直相信只有人的大脑才有语言中心。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 参考最后一段。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 文章的第一句就点出了主题。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 参考句在全文的最后一句。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 由于本文第一段说的是阿留申群岛土著人的生活，第二段说的足他们的衰退。故选 D“
38、阿留申群岛土人的生活以及人口和文化的衰退 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 shaman是 “巫术 ”之意。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章最后一段讲述的就是该民族衰亡的原因和过程而 C项内容没有提到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 akin是 “同族的 ” A项内容与第一段第五句相符。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第二段第六句说：除了鸟，他们不捕捉其他陆地栖息动物，这是因为早在 175O年他们的捕措区就被俄国人占领了。所以他们不捕猎陆地动物不是因为他们只 捕猎水里动物。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第二段第一句是对前一段最后一句观点的反驳。作者认为这种做法弊大于利。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 B项内容在第一段后三句中未提到。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 A项的内容高度地慨括了最后一段要表达的意思。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 14 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第二 段最后一句证明 D项的内容是对的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 通过全文可以看出作者对此做法是否定的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
