1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960. （ A） published （ B） challenged （ C） acclaimed （ D） guided 2 He was one of the principal organizers of the association. （ A） planners （
2、 B） employees （ C） actors （ D） recipients 3 It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. （ A） challenged （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 4 This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur. （ A） drying up （
3、 B） dying out （ C） being exported （ D） being transplanted 5 The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. （ A） slow （ B） noisy （ C） sudden （ D） jumpy 6 During the Second World War, all important resources in the U.S. were allocated by the federal government. （ A） nationalized （ B
4、） commandeered （ C） taxed （ D） distributed 7 The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. （ A） very strong （ B） very long （ C） very great （ D） very fast 8 The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered
5、by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte. （ A） elegantly （ B） genuinely （ C） intentionally （ D） thoroughly 9 The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. （ A） encouraged （ B） enforced （ C） expected （ D） entitled 10 Formulated in 1
6、823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. （ A） stated firmly （ B） argued light-mindedly （ C） thought seriously （ D） announced regrettably 11 Smoking is not permitted in the office. （ A） probable （ B） possible （ C） admitted （ D） allowed 12 The c
7、hairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. （ A） stated （ B） declared （ C） suggested （ D） announced 13 I feel regret about whats happened. （ A） sorry （ B） disappointed （ C） shameful （ D） disheartened 14 She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. （ A） lived on （ B） depended on （ C） l
8、ived off （ D） believed in 15 John removed his overcoat. （ A） took away （ B） left aside （ C） took off （ D） washed off 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Food and Cancer Medical experts have suspected for many y
9、ears that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a persons chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute and the
10、 Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Mos
11、t of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years. Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided
12、those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect. Those who seemed to
13、 gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called -carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took -carotene, vita
14、min E and selenium. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels. Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary
15、 vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the .results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in Chin
16、a. 16 The results of the new study are unexpected. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The study lasted for about five years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 1
17、9 The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 All those people who took part in t
18、he study received vitamins and minerals. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27
19、-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use a
20、lmost doubled between 1995 and 2000. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found
21、 that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system an
22、d holes in the heart. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. Th
23、e researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders. ACE inhibitors are oft
24、en given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood pas
25、sages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The
26、 F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure. 23 A. Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors B. Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors C. How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women D. Damage to Pregnant Womens Future Babies E. Su
27、ggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors F. Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow B. for pregnant women to take during the
28、ir last six months of pregnancies C. that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies D. with their doctors about how to treat their problems E. because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects F. though their mothers took ACE inhibitors durin
29、g their first three months of pregnancies 27 FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult _. 28 ACE inhibitors are not recommended _. 29 Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders _. 30 ACE is a risk factor to our body _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，
30、每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Drug Reactions m a Major Cause of Death Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Assoc
31、iation. “The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high,“ say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR
32、as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drag which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.“ An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “in 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalize
33、d patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs.“ This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America. And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug a
34、dministration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures. The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year. Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare
35、 workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. “When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded,“ Bates notes, “and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency
36、.“ He believes computerized surveillance systems still works-in-progress at many of the nations hospitals should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors. 31 Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that （ A） ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death. （
37、B） ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada. （ C） ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years. （ D） it is easy to prevent ADRs from happening. 32 The investigators say that （ A） 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year. （ B） 67 patient
38、s out of 100 in every American hospital experience an ADR each year. （ C） 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average. （ D） 6.7% of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average. 33 An American research estimates that the total sum of
39、money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as （ A） $40,000,000,000. （ B） $4,000,000,000. （ C） $400,000,000. （ D） $40,000,000. 34 The Canadian investigators think that the ADR incidence figures from their research （ A） are surely very exact. （ B） are probably higher than the real amount. （ C）
40、are perhaps less than the real amount. （ D） are probably groundless. 35 According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America （ A） are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings. （ B） have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening. （ C） do not use those drugs which
41、 will cause side effects to their patients. （ D） know that many ADRs are easily preventable. 36 Dreams Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought. In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and to
42、uch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy Two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state, called NREM-sleep (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep), occu
43、pies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming. The second type of sleep, known as REM-sleep (rapid-eye-movement sleep) occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Ty
44、pically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the nights sleep (as much as 50 percent in a newborn child). Evidence indic
45、ates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes. Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-period. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences. Modern dream research has
46、 focused on two general interpretations of dream content. In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious log
47、ical thought. If dreams express important wishes, fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioning. 36 There axe in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream: （ A） one, we “see“ our
48、 dreams, and two, we “think“ our dreams. （ B） one, we are happy, and two, we are angry. （ C） one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking. （ D） we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements,
49、 and two, we have rapid eye movements. 37 According to this article, we （ A） often think seriously when we are dreaming. （ B） hardly ever hear music when we are dreaming. （ C） very often feel something tastes good when we are dreaming. （ D） almost always see different “pictures“ when we are dreaming. 38 In your dreams, you （ A） very often feel happy and unhappy at the same time. （ B） always feel that you are afraid of somebody. （ C） seldom feel fear now and joy later. （ D） only feel anger. 39 Thi
