1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. （ A） an easy （ B） a pl
2、ayful （ C） an open （ D） a better 2 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. （ A） beats （ B） matches （ C） maintains （ D） announces 3 The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the Ame
3、rican Civil War. （ A） demanded （ B） elicited （ C） extracted （ D） defied 4 Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters such as A1 Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan. （ A） violent criminals （ B） politicians （ C） musicians （ D） industrialists 5 The towers of a suspension b
4、ridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached. （ A） boundary （ B） skeleton （ C） enclosure （ D） material 6 The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers. （ A） protection （ B） indication （ C） immunity （ D） danger 7 Many economists have given in to t
5、he fatal lure of mathematics. （ A） error （ B） function （ C） attraction （ D） miracle 8 The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely. （ A） compactly （ B） inexpensively （ C） quickly （ D） carefully 9
6、The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by comets. （ A） intrigued （ B） infected （ C） inconvenienced （ D） inclined 10 In their productions, choreographers of modem dance have introduced humor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems. （
7、A） solved （ B） explored （ C） involved （ D） disputed 11 They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means. （ A） solve （ B） determine （ C） untie （ D） complete 12 The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman. （ A） wept （ B） cried （ C） ran （ D） shook 13 We were shocked to find that Mary
8、 didnt know her guests name. （ A） frustrated （ B） disturbed （ C） relieved （ D） surprised 14 We have got to abide by the rules. （ A） stick to （ B） persist in （ C） safeguard （ D） apply 15 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east. （ A） extends （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D） traverses
9、二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该 句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Stomach Ulcer Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors ha
10、ve discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in the stomach t
11、hat are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people wi
12、th ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach3. This pain often is called heartburn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusu
13、ally strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pilorie. H Pilorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with
14、medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop, stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan
15、, Southeast Asia and pans of Africa. Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if someone in his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developi
16、ng an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives. 16 In the past, doctors couldnt do anything about stomach ulcers
17、. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Doctors have discovered a cause o
18、f ulcers after many years of experiments. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There has been a change in doctors understanding of the cause of stomach ulcers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Stomach ulcers can lead to stomach cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Pe
19、ople who eat a lot of spicy food are also susceptible to stomach ulcers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Screen Test 1. Every year millions of women are scr
20、eened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2.
21、But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia a
22、nalysed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection B
23、oard (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cance
24、rs is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiat
25、ion could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique“ for breast cancer screening. 7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefi
26、ts of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation expos
27、ure should be minimised in any screening programme.“ 23 A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investigating the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 Paragr
28、aph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum 27 Early discovery of breast cancer may _ 28 Advantages of screening women under 50 are _ 29 Dela
29、ying the age at which screening starts may _ 30 Radiation exposure should be _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分 ，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Sleep We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, br
30、oadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a qu
31、estion of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is o
32、ften the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 am one week, 8 am to 4 pm the next, and 4 pm to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another4, so that much of his time
33、is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. Recent research by Bonjer of the Netherlands, however, has shown that people on such systems will revert to their normal habits of sleep and wakefulness du
34、ring the weekends and that this is quite enough to destroy any adaptation to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. An inte
35、resting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carded out by Brown. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep, digestive disorder and domestic disruption among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these symptoms among those on permane
36、nt night work. 31 The question raised in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one“ （ A） because Bonjers findings are different from Browns. （ B） because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. （ C） because some people can change their sleeping habits easily. （ D） because shift work in indus
37、try requires people to change their sleeping habits. 32 According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that _ （ A） people hate the inconvenience of working on night shifts. （ B） your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back. （ C） not all industries work at th
38、e same hours. （ D） it is difficult to find a corps of good night workers. 33 According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be （ A） not to change shifts from one week to the next. （ B） to make periods on each shift longer. （ C） to employ people who will always work at night. （ D
39、） to find ways of selecting people who adapt quickly. 34 In the second paragraph, “the third“ means （ A） the third week. （ B） the third shift. （ C） a third of the time. （ D） the third routine. 35 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, “another“ means （ A） another routine. （ B） another shift.
40、（ C） another week. （ D） another person. 36 Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Sp
41、ain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is cha
42、llenged. The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the
43、observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a
44、 diet high in resistant starch,“ said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat. Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. Abo
45、ut 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel synd
46、rome (IBS) Immunology expert Lena Ohmans team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says t
47、he decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the m
48、agazine of the SCI. 36 What form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body? （ A） Potato soup. （ B） Potato cake. （ C） Potato salad. （ D） Hot boiled potato. 37 What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean? （ A） It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation. （ B） It may mean som
49、ewhere in the body is inflamed. （ C） It means that the body is challenged. （ D） It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more. 38 For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment? （ A） They wanted to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs. （ B） They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch. （ C） They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day. （ D） They wante
