1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. （ A） unforgettable （ B） unbelievable （ C） unfair （ D） unthinkable 2 The curious look from the strangers around her made her f
2、eel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worded （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 3 It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. （ A） pulled down （ B） rebuilt （ C） renovated （ D） whitewashed 4 The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. （ A） delayed （
3、B） quick （ C） positive （ D） unfavorable 5 He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. （ A） long and detailed （ B） short and clear （ C） comprehensive （ D） professional 6 The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. （ A） efficient （ B） respectable （ C） well-inform
4、ed （ D） respectful 7 The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. （ A） simply useless （ B） really practical （ C） very little （ D） extremely useful 8 The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. （ A） reasonable （ B） sensible （ C） crazy （ D） unbelievable 9 In his two-ho
5、ur-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue. （ A） extremely thorough （ B） long and boring （ C） superficial （ D） unconvincing 10 We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. （ A） effective （ B） clever （ C） implausible （ D） original 11 Reading the job ad, he wondered
6、whether he was eligible to apply for it. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 12 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career. （ A） hot-tempered （ B） healthy （ C） friendly （ D） patient 13 Not all member states abided by the principle they had a
7、greed on previously. （ A） adhered to （ B） abandoned （ C） applied （ D） adopted 14 Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. （ A） immediately （ B） correctly （ C） fairly （ D） carefully 15 The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. （ A） resumed （ B） put an end to （
8、C） suspended （ D） re-scheduled 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B； 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Continuing Medical Education There is increasing recognition of the need for health workers to continue their education throughout their caree
9、rs. Not only do health workers themselves wish to improve their own skills and competence, but the introduction of new techniques and equipment and the changes taking place in health needs and health care policies necessitate continued training. The phrase “health care“ is intended to mean not just
10、curative treatment for the sick but the whole range of provision for promoting health and preventing disease. In virtually every situation some response to this need has been made, so continuing education does take place - even though it may in many instances be ineffective or insufficient. Continui
11、ng education may be initiated by the health workers themselves, by their supervisors, by the managers of the health system, or by other agencies such as professional associations, publishers, and drug companies. The form of the continuing education may be written materials (journals, books, advertis
12、ements), meetings, courses, supervisory visits, or a variety of other methods. With this diversity of approach it is not surprising that the effectiveness of continuing education should be variable. 4 So it is natural that in many countries there is concern that more continuing education should be p
13、rovided and that it should be more effective. The approach suggested that to achieve this aim is to develop a “system“ of continuing education. This term needs some explanation as it is capable of being interpreted in many ways. A system is not the same thing as an organization that provides continu
14、ing education. It is much more than that. It is the sum of the educational activities, the organizational structure that supports and manages those activities, the management, and the external agencies involved in the provision of health care. s The system should comprise a nationwide coordinated pr
15、ogram in which technology and resources are optimally used. 16 Health workers themselves are aware of the importance of continued training. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Health needs and health care policies always remain constant. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The phrase
16、 “health care“ means more than curative treatment for the sick. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Continuing medical education is particularly ineffective in developing countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Written materials constitute the best form of continuing medical e
17、ducation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 More effective continuing medical education is called for in many countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A “system“ of continuing education functions in the same way was an organization that provides continuing education. （ A） Rig
18、ht （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Lung Cancer 1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in fe
19、males during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and
20、 other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers - 21 to 30 cigarettes per day - the mortality rate
21、 from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an x-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculos
22、is. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Moder
23、n X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma4, so-call
24、ed because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Suc
25、h a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operat
26、ion is called pneumonectomy. 5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths. 23 A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers B. The Advantages Brought about by Routine Chest Checkup C. Relationship Between Mortality Rate from
27、 Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits D. Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers E The Increasing Death Rate from Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhere B. the more ch
28、ances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have C. what is most responsible for lung cancer D. as some people imagine E. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F. which form of lung cancer is a common one 27 Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous _ 28 A primary lung cancer
29、patient may be cured by removing the lung completely _ 29 People are still not sure _ 30 The more cigarettes one smokes, _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with th
30、eir environments better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That result
31、s in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb wate
32、r and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that hel
33、p them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great var
34、iety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their i
35、deal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. 31 Some plants and animals develop superior char
36、acteristics so that they may （ A） help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed. （ B） survive even in extremely severe conditions. （ C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind. （ D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms
37、. 32 In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by （ A） contexts. （ B） surroundings. （ C） neighbors. （ D） enemies. 33 It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored （ A） to frighten its enemies. （ B） to attract its enemies. （ C） to adjust its
38、 body heat. （ D） to match its environment. 34 Which of the following is not directly mentioned in the passage? （ A） A living thing may adapt in its structure. （ B） An organism may adapt in its function. （ C） A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup. （ D） A living organism may adapt in its s
39、leeping habit. 35 The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to show that a living thing may have the ability （ A） to create an environment of its own. （ B） to remain still when an enemy is near. （ C） to make food from inorganic chemicals. （ D） to change the color of its skin. 36
40、 FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday. More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases a
41、nd some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination. The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for US and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation. This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers
42、lessons on basic hygiene such as Using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets. The FDA guidelines identified “the major source of contamination“ for fresh produce as human or animal feces. “We think just proper controls and p
43、roper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,“ said an FDA official. “It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly. “ But grower groups disagreed with the FDAs assessment. “Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are
44、 due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands,“ said Stacey Zawal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. “That is not necessarily true for growers and packers. “ Some US grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is
45、 interfering with on- farm practices. 8 Others object to the FDAs proposal to have growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary. Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because th
46、ey will not carry the force of law to But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said. The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by US and foreign growers. The matter of
47、encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce. 36 “Food-borne diseases“ in this essay means those diseases （ A） which people get by eating fruits and vegetables which have been polluted. （
48、B） which people get by eating too many kinds of food. （ C） which many kinds of fruit get when polluted by feces. （ D） which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean. 37 Some fruit grower groups believe that most food-borne diseases are caused by （ A） growers lack of attention to p
49、ersonal hygiene. （ B） lack of effective guidelines. （ C） the FDAs decision to import more foreign fruits and vegetables. （ D） people involved in distributing fresh produce. 38 An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice （ A） would be too costly to be effective. （ B） would not cost any money. （ C） would not be very expensive. （ D） would need lots of money. 39 Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didnt think that these guidelines （ A） had won enough s
