1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The most prominent characteristics of handwriting are undoubtedly letter formation and slant. （ A） presumably （ B） in many cases （ C） surely （ D） without bias 2 The cars traveled 200 miles
2、 a day. （ A） came （ B） covered （ C） gone （ D） walked 3 Efficient air service has been made available through modern technology. （ A） Affluent （ B） Modern （ C） Inexpensive （ D） Effective 4 We will set off after he finishes packing. （ A） set out （ B） set back （ C） set up （ D） set down 5 Customers are
3、well waited on in this big department store. （ A） served （ B） changed （ C） paid （ D） treated 6 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of ship ping cargo by water. （ A） continuously （ B） quickly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 7 The poet William Carlos
4、Williams was a New Jersey physician. （ A） doctor （ B） professor （ C） physicist （ D） resident 8 A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized. （ A） fulfilled （ B） affiliated （ C） advocated （ D） received 9 She was grateful to him for being so good to her. （ A） hel
5、pful （ B） hateful （ C） delightful （ D） thankful 10 Can you account for your absence from the class last Thursday? （ A） explain （ B） examine （ C） excuse （ D） expand 11 There is a trend towards equal opportunities for men and women. （ A） tide （ B） tendency （ C） target （ D） trail 12 After a bitter stru
6、ggle the rebels were forced to submit. （ A） yield （ B） dedicate （ C） render （ D） incline 13 The Victorian speaker was noted for his manual gestures. （ A） expressive （ B） physical （ C） exaggerated （ D） dubious 14 People from many countries were drawn to the United States by the growing cities and ind
7、ustries. （ A） drafted （ B） transported （ C） attracted （ D） ordered 15 Anxiety about financial matter lessened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberias survival. （ A） descended （ B） faded （ C） diminished （ D） highlighted 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7
8、个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Changes in Museums Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should“ visit, they are places to enjoy and learn. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless
9、electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (大城市的 ) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New Yorks American Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by-hone reproduction of the museums
10、 dinosaur(恐龙 ), a beast that lived 200 million years age. More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operat
11、e, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to bes
12、t advantage. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, “They see
13、things in a new and different way, They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加 ) in.“ The same is true of science and history. 16 When visiting museums nowadays, people can take part in many activities. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 N
14、ew Yorks American Museum of Natural History is opened recently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 In science museums nowadays visitors are not allowed to touch or operate the objects on display. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 In science museums today, people no longer feel str
15、ange in the world Of science but gain scientific knowledge by themselves. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In America today, all science museums are open to the public and free. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People can afford to got the modern museums since they have more ti
16、me now. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23
17、 The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women 1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception, provided they see a doctor regularly, new study findings suggest. 2. World Health Organization guidelines currently state that, in general,
18、HIV-infected women should avoid IUDs. “Those guidelines were essentially made on theoretical concerns, and there are really very little data on what contraceptive is appropriate for HIV-infected women,“ said the lead author Dr. Charles S. Morrison in North Carolina. 3. Morrison and colleagues gather
19、ed information on IUD-related complications at 1, 4 and 24 months after placement of the device in 636 women living in Nairobi, Kenya. Of these women, 156 had HIV infection. Participating physicians did not know the patients HIV status. There was “little difference in any side effects in HIV-infecte
20、d women compared with HIV-uninfected women, suggesting that the IUD is likely an appropriate method for HIV-infected women,“ Morrison said. “This is an important issue, because there are now 16 million women living with HIV and a lot of them have a critical need for contraception,“ he added. 4. The
21、researchers did find that women with infections such as gonorrhea or chlamydia at the studys outset were at increased risk of IUD complications, confirming current guidelines suggesting that women with sexually transmitted diseases not use IUDs. 5. In addition, there was no difference in the amount
22、of virus the HIV-positive women were releasing from their cervix, or shedding8, at the beginning of the study compared with 4 months after the IUD was inserted, the researchers reported in the August issue of the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Conversely, some studies have shown a re
23、lationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contraceptives. 6. “What this study suggests is that you need to avoid IUD use in women with a cervical infection but not women with HIV infection,“ Morrison said. “Women with cervical infections are at increased risk of complica
24、tions; women with HIV infection are not.“ 23 A. Morrisons Survey and Findings B. Comments on Current Guidelines C. The Relation of Sexually Transmitted Diseases to IUD Complications D. The Concrete Contents of Current Guidelines E. A Conclusion of Morrisons Study F. The Relationship Between Cervical
25、 HIV Shedding and Using IUDs 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. what contraceptive is good for HIV-infected women B. if they go to see the doctor at regular intervals C. what a relationship between increased cervical HIV shedding and the use of oral contracepti
26、ves D. that sexually transmitted diseases may increase the risk of IUD complications E. if they are HIV carriers F. that taking oral contraceptives is much safer than using IUDs for HIV-infected women 27 According to current guidelines, women should not use IUDs _ 28 Current guidelines barely recomm
27、end _ 29 From both current guidelines and the new study we may conclude _ 30 The new study maintains that the IUD is a safe contraceptive method for HIV-infected women _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements Two scie
28、ntists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have al
29、ready won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who sha
30、red the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pairs possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running befo
31、re presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholms Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 cre
32、ation of Swedens central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize enc
33、ourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably dont look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when theyre at work,“ Jornvatl told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their
34、 interest in how life functions.“ In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggestin
35、g that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth. 31 Who is NOT a likely candidate for this years Nobel Prize in medicine? （ A） Elizabeth Blackburn. （ B） Carol Greider. （ C） Linda Buck: （ D） Pierre Chambon. 32 Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel? （ A） He was from Sweden. （ B） He
36、 was the inventor of dynamite. （ C） He established the prizes in his will. （ D） He gave clear instructions on how to select winners. 33 Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes? （ A） The medicine prize. （ B） The literature prize. （ C） The peace prize. （ D） The economics prize. 34 The word “k
37、icks“ in line 6 from the bottom probably means （ A） excitement. （ B） income. （ C） motivation. （ D） knowledge. 35 The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of （ A） money in medical research. （ B） proteins in cancer treatment. （ C） hormones in the functioning of life. （ D） telomeras
38、e in the growth of cancer cells. 36 Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference -
39、of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries - 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said, “Obesity is a chronic illness, fin Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per
40、cent.“ But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, “We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man.“ “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A
41、pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. “ Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all. patients with high blood pressure and fifty
42、 per cent with adipose tissue complaints.“ “Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.“ Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their finan
43、cing of preventive programs. “Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index5 is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.“ Ludvik said that prevention should
44、begin in school. “Child obesity ( fat deposits) correlates with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.“ The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group. 36 It is estimated that the
45、re are _ people suffering from obesity in the world. （ A） 250,000,000 （ B） 1,200,000,000 （ C） 1,450,000,000 （ D） 950,000,000 37 It seems that the _ people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned in the passage. （ A） European （ B） German （ C） American （ D） Japa
46、nese 38 Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity? （ A） High blood pressure. （ B） Fatty tissue complaints. （ C） Diabetes. （ D） Stomach-ache. 39 What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pressure? （ A） Ten per cent less body weight means ten per cent le
47、ss risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. （ B） Thirteen per cent more body weight means ten per cent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. （ C） The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure he has. （ D） The less body weight one gains, th
48、e more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has. 40 From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludnik to prevent children from being obese would be （ A） not to permit them to watch TV at all. （ B） to tell them to spend less time
49、watching TV. （ C） to turn off TV when they are in front of TV sets. （ D） to calculate accurately the time that a child spends watching TV. 41 New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise. But researchers wont know for a year or more whether it will work, scientist David Ho told journalists here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference in Viruses and Infections. “This is a study
