1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen. （ A） factor （ B） feature （ C） sign （ D） symbol 2 All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biologi
2、cal, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. （ A） as result of （ B） considering （ C） on purpose （ D） whatever 3 The immense change of the city astonished every member of the conference. （ A） surprised （ B） interested （ C） bored （ D） excited 4 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasa
3、nt （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） unforgettable 5 Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes. （ A） Simultaneously （ B） Almost （ C） Absolutely （ D） Basically 6 Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.
4、（ A） demand （ B） rely on （ C） prepare for （ D） create 7 While attempting to find a new route to India, Columbus discovered America by accident. （ A） sailing （ B） failing （ C） trying （ D） hoping 8 We want to know his family background. （ A） relationships （ B） members （ C） troubles （ D） income 9 Jim h
5、as gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes dont fit him any more. （ A） put off （ B） put down （ C） put on （ D） put up 10 The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm. （ A） held in （ B） held up （ C） held down （ D） held off 11 Many teachers dont like to use up-to-date textbooks i
6、n their classes. （ A） odd （ B） modern （ C） old （ D） interesting 12 I could recognize the old car at a glance. （ A） square （ B） feature （ C） flame （ D） glimpse 13 She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother. （ A） quitted （ B） lost （ C） paused （ D） retired 14 It is seldom acceptable to abbrev
7、iate words in formal writing. （ A） omit （ B） explain （ C） invent （ D） shorten 15 I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel. （ A） documents （ B） possessions （ C） children （ D） clothes 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B
8、；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 On British Newspapers Besides the daily newspapers, there are a number of Sunday newspapers in Britain. Many of them are connected with the “dailies“, though not run by the same editor and his members. The Sunday papers are larger than the daily papers and usually contain mo
9、re articles concerned with comment (评论 ) and general information rather than news. The national daily and Sun day papers have the largest circulation(发行 ) in the world. Of the Sunday papers, the Observer and the Sunday Times are the best known. It is a regrettable fact that the number of magazines o
10、f a literary or political nature has dropped down since the war. This has probably been caused by the ever-wider use of radio and television. The most successful magazines are those published for women. Their covers are designed to catch the eye, and they certainly succeed in doing so! They offer th
11、eir readers articles on cookery (烹饪法 ), fashion, needlework, and many other matters of women interest. They also provide advice to those in love, and adventures with handsome heroes. Some womens magazines also include serious articles of more general interest. The visitor who looks at the magazines
12、displayed in a large bookstall (书摊 ) which may be found in an important railway station will notice that there is a wide variety of technical or semitechnical(半专业的 ) books and magazines. There are magazines for the motorist, the farmer, the gardener, the nurse, and many others. There are many local
13、and regional newspapers. It is common in Britain for a news agent(报刊经售人 ) to deliver (投递 ) the morning papers to his customers for a small extra payment, this service is usually performed by boys and girls who want to earn some pocket-money 16 Some Sunday newspapers may belong to the same publishing
14、 company but are not edited by the same group of people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It is obvious that daily newspapers carry more information than the Sunday papers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The Observer carries more political articles than The Sunday Times. （ A）
15、 Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The most successful magazines in Britain are those published for women. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In Britain men do not like reading magazines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Bookstalls only sell technical or semi technical magaz
16、ines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Many boys and girls deliver morning newspapers to make some pocket-money. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项 中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23
17、 Trade Unions 1 Some scholars have associated trade unions with the medieval craft guilds(中世纪的行会 ), but there are important differences between the two. The guild members were master craftsmen who owned capital and often employed workers. Unions are known as associations of workers with similar skil
18、ls. 2 In the past, individual workers had no control over the conditions of their working lives; political and economic power was concentrated in the hands of wealthy business owners. Workers found, however, that there was strength in uniting. From their earliest years, union objectives have been hi
19、gher wages and improved working conditions. 3 Employers resisted, of course. They made great efforts to stop union organizing its activities. Union members were fired, workers were forced to sign contracts in which they promised not to join a union, and companies hired strikebreakers (罢工破坏者 ) and ev
20、en gunmen to frighten organizers. 4 One of the earliest successful labor organizations in the United States was the Knights of Labor, founded in 1869. The Knights, which included both skilled and unskilled workers, attempted to organize all workers into one great union. After it successfully struck
21、the Wabash railroad owned by Jay Gould in 1885, its popularity and power grew dramatically. In 1886 the Knights had 700,000 members. 5 The decline of the Knights of Labor, however, came quickly. The strike against Gould was gradually broken, and the Knights radical positions on social issues cost th
22、em public support. In the end, a lack of unity as well as the rapid inflow of unskilled immigrants weakened the unions economic power, and the organization came to an end. 23 A Managements Reaction to the Labor Movement B The Decline of an Early Union C Reasons for Starting a Union D Comparison betw
23、een the Unions and the Medieval Craft Guilds E Foundation F The Development of an Early Union 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A Ask for higher wages B Fight for equal education C Employ workers D Unskilled workers E Stop Union activities F Radical positions on
24、social issues 27 Guilders had the money to _. 28 Workers united together to _. 29 Employers would try their best to _. 30 Knights lost its popularity because it took _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Diseases of Agricultural Plants Plants, like animals, are su
25、bject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack com, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The prob
26、lem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the majo
27、r crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a
28、 particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the fam
29、ous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments. Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infest
30、ation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plant can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection8 will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from9 it
31、s lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection. 31 How many diseases are known to attack wheat? （ A） Around 30,000. （ B） Around 140. （ C） Arou
32、nd 29,960. （ D） Around 40. 32 According to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked? （ A） A world war. （ B） Border conflicts. （ C） Rations of grain and meat. （ D） Social upheavals. 33 What is the main idea of the second paragraph? （ A） Some plants have r
33、elative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. （ B） The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. （ C） A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. （ D） A blight may be a national infection. 34 According to th
34、e passage, some plant diseases can be prevented by （ A） killing parasites. （ B） inoculation. （ C） killing insects. （ D） improving growing conditions. 35 Which of the following statements is not true? （ A） Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria. （ B） Some plant diseases may be caused by pathog
35、ens. （ C） Some plant diseases may be caused by fungus. （ D） Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases. 36 Obesity Obesity refers to the medical condition characterized by storage of excess body fat. The human body naturally stores fat tissue under the skin and around organs and joints. Fat
36、 is critical for good health because it is a source of energy when the body lacks the energy necessary to sustain life processes, and it provides insulation and protection for internal organs. But too much fat in the body is associated with a variety of health problems. Most physicians use the body
37、mass index (BMI) to determine desirable weights. BMI is calculated as weight divided by height and people with a BMI of 27 or above are considered obese. Weight-height tables, such as those published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are also used as general measures of desirable weight ra
38、nges3. These tables assign a range of weights for a particular height. For example, a man of 1.8 m has a desirable range of 66 to 83 kg, with an average of 75 kg. A woman who is 1.6 m has a desirable range between 53 and 70 kg, with an average of 62 kg. The BMI and weight-height tables only provide
39、rough estimates of desirable weights and scientists recognize that many other factors besides height affect weight. Weight alone may not be an indicator of fat, as in the case of a body-builder who may have a high BMI because of a high percentage of muscle tissue, which weighs more than fat. Likewis
40、e, a person with a sedentary lifestyle may be within a desirable weight range but have excess fat tissue. Obesity increases the risk of developing disease. According to some estimates, almost 70 percent of heart disease cases are linked to excess body fat, and obese people are more than twice as lik
41、ely to develop high blood pressure. Obese women are at nearly twice the risk for developing breast cancer, and all obese people have an estimated 42 percent higher chance of developing colon cancer. The risk of medical complications, particularly heart disease, increases when body fat is distributed
42、 around the waist, especially in the abdomen. This type of upper body fat distribution is more common in men than in women. The social and psychological problems experienced by obese people are also formidable. Stereotypes about “fat“ people are often translated into discriminatory practices in educ
43、ation, employment, and social relationships. The consequences of being obese in a world where people had better be “thin“ are especially severe for women, whose appearances are often judged against an ideal of exaggerated slimness. 36 What is obesity? （ A） Obesity is having fat tissue under the skin
44、. （ B） Obesity is having fat tissue around organs. （ C） Obesity is being too fat. （ D） Obesity is having good health. 37 If we say that “fat is critical for good health,“ we mean that （ A） fat people should be criticized. （ B） fat is very important for people to keep healthy. （ C） people should be f
45、at if they want to be healthy. （ D） having much fat in the body is certainly associated with health problems. 38 If a woman is 1.6m tall and weighs 49 kg, she （ A） is considered within the desirable weight-height range. （ B） is definitely unhealthy. （ C） should be considered fat. （ D） should not be
46、considered unhealthy. 39 A heavy man （ A） certainly has a lot of fat in him. （ B） usually has a sedentary-lifestyle. （ C） certainly has a lot muscle in him. （ D） may have muscle tissue that weighs more than fat. 40 According to this article, fat people may be （ A） looked down upon by others. （ B） we
47、lcomed by others. （ C） considered severely ill. （ D） thought of having special problems. 41 Silent and Deadly Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), or ministrokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a few seco
48、nds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a major stroke. “Our message is quite clear,“ says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at-the Medical College of Georgia in August. “TIAs, while less severe than strokes in the short term, are
49、quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury.“ Unfortunately, ministrokes are greatly underdiagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older (about 4.9 million people in the U. S.) have experienced a confirmed TIA4. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45, the study showed, have most
