1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 2 2. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him. （ A） long （ B） never-ending （ C） borin
2、g （ D） extensive 3 3. She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 4 4. The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D） power 5 5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance. （ A） pleasant
3、（ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 6 6. He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 7 7. Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese. （ A） writes （ B） sketches （ C） describes （ D） indicates 8 8. Dont irritate her
4、, shes on a short fuse today. （ A） tease （ B） attract （ C） annoy （ D） protect 9 9. It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather. （ A） ridiculous （ B） funny （ C） odd （ D） interesting 10 10. I notified him that my address had changed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 11 11. The m
5、anager allocate duties to the clerks. （ A） assign （ B） persuade （ C） ask （ D） order 12 12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland. （ A） hairless （ B） bare （ C） empty （ D） bald 13 13. It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. （ A） challenged （ B） ass
6、umed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 14 14. We must abide by the rules. （ A） stick to （ B） persist in （ C） safeguard （ D） apply 15 15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny. （ A） position （ B） point of view （ C） knowledge （ D） opinion 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内
7、容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信 息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 An Observation and an Explanation It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds th
8、e baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obv
9、iously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left
10、-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clea
11、rly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existe
12、nce inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so
13、 then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right. 16 16. We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 17.
14、 Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 18. The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22%. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） N
15、ot mentioned 19 19. The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 20. The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all. （
16、A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 21. A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 22. The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arm
17、s than in the right arms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Screen Test 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast can
18、cer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year， 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 But the medical benefits of screening these young
19、er women are controversial， partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000
20、women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4 The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board(NR- PB)predicted that the screening programme w
21、ould cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far large
22、r number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme， they say， detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if sc
23、reening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique“ for breast cancer screening. 7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.“ admits Michael Cla
24、rk of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution.“0n the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme. 23 A R
25、isk of Screening to Younger Women B Investigating the Effect Of Screening C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D Treatment of Cancers E Minimizing of Radiation Exposure F Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 23. Paragraph 2_ 24 24. Paragraph 3_ 25 25. Paragraph 4_ 26 26. Paragraph 7_ 27 A be costl
26、y B harmful C be cured D still open to debate E reduce the risk of radiation on triggering a cancer F reduced to the minimum 27 27. If discovered early, breast cancer may _. 28 28. Medical benefits of screening the younger women are _. 29 29. Advantages of screening women under 50 are _. 30 30. Radi
27、ation on exposure should be _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 High Stress May Damage Memory According to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol dont score as well on memory tests as their peers with lowe
28、r levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy“ range can actually accelerate brain a
29、ging. The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans,“ write Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the University of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released
30、 in response to stress by the adrenal glands ,which sit on top of the kidneys. Over a 5 to 6-year period ,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers ,most of whom were in their 70s. Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could b
31、e divided into three subgroups, those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate
32、(decreasing/moderate). The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with t
33、hose in the decreasing/moderate group. The researchers also found that the total, volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14 % lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions. The results suggest that “. brain a
34、ging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within, this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging, write Porter and Landfield. “This further, suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening
35、of hippocampus. 31 31. The part of the brain important for a persons learning, and memory is （ A） the cortisol. （ B） the adrenal glands. （ C） the stress hormones. （ D） the hippocampus. 32 32. When the levels of cortisol go higher, the hippocampus in the brain may （ A） become larger. （ B） become smal
36、ler. （ C） disappear completely. （ D） be totally damaged. 33 33. According to the article, when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork, （ A） the adrenal glands will produce a stress hormone. （ B） the kidneys will produce adrenal glands. （ C） the hippocampus will produce high levels
37、of cortisol in the blood. （ D） the brain will work more effe4tivey 34 34. It appears that when the total volume of the hippocampus becomes smaller as a result of high blood levels of cortisol, other brain regions （ A） become smaller too. （ B） become larger. （ C） may remain the same in size. （ D） may
38、be damaged. 35 35. The research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows that （ A） changes in the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging. （ B） changes in the levels of adrenal hormones may affect brain aging. （ C） chronic stress may strengthen a mans memory. （ D） the rate of b
39、rain aging always remains stable. 35 Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago, Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any giv
40、en time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an in- crease in birthrates, that has 1ed to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖 ) load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent of the rest of soc
41、iety to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒 ), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved (使挨饿 ), whereas if the parents survived they could have another
42、 child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to works we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless
43、 these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States, many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged (中年 ) peoples unless
44、 they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare (福利 )“ if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they wo
45、uld be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organi
46、zations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel. 36 36. The writer believes that the popu
47、lation explosion results from （ A） an increase in birthrates. （ B） the industrial development. （ C） a decrease in death rates. （ D） cultural advances. 37 37. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures （ A） it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive. （
48、 B） infants could be left dead in times of starvation. （ C） parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children. （ D） death was considered to be freedom from hardships. 38 38. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States i
49、s true （ A） Many of them have a very hard life. （ B） They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings. （ C） They rely mainly on their children for financial support. （ D） Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after. 39 39. In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to （ A） the need to prolong the lives of old people. （ B） the need to enrich the life of the re
