1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment. （ A） helping （ B） teaching （ C） informing （ D） ordering 2 Finding a job can be depressing and disappointing, and
2、 therefore it is important that you are prepared. （ A） exploiting （ B） frustrating （ C） profiting （ D） misleading 3 New York is rated second in the production of 850,000,000 dollars this year. （ A） ranked （ B） occupied （ C） arranged （ D） classified 4 Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle
3、fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. （ A） velocities （ B） impulses （ C） ratios （ D） atrocities 5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. （ A） fact （ B） mystery （ C） statement （ D） game 6 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. （
4、 A） assumes （ B） expects （ C） predicts （ D） considers 7 In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. （ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 8 The workers finally called off the strike. （ A） put off （ B） ended （ C） cancelled （ D） participated
5、 in 9 Techniques to employ the energy of the sun are being developed. （ A） convert （ B） store （ C） use （ D） receive 10 In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. （ A） thought （ B） mind （ C） account （ D） memory 11 Please be careful when you a
6、re drinking coffee in case you smudge the new carpet. （ A） crash （ B） pollute （ C） contaminate （ D） stain 12 My parents wouldnt allow me to go to the party. （ A） permit （ B） encourage （ C） advise （ D） agree 13 He obviously displays a great appreciation for some of your poems. （ A） consent （ B） admir
7、ation （ C） respect （ D） pleasure 14 As a result of careless washing the jacket was reduced to a childs size （ A） compressed （ B） shrank （ C） dropped （ D） decreased 15 That guy is really witty. （ A） smart （ B） ugly （ C） honorable （ D） popular 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句
8、子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Some sleep drugs do more than make you sleep The United States Food and Drug Administration (美国食品及药品管理局 ) has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of
9、 the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic (过敏性的 ) reactions. They also include rare incident
10、s of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep. Last year, a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhod
11、e Island, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepi
12、ness. The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep driving it has documented. However, the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleepwalking. Oth
13、ers said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities. A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also said
14、 there are probably more cases than are reported. He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investig
15、ate the problem. 16 There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 FDA considers it the producers duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely. （ A） Right （ B） Wron
16、g （ C） Not mentioned 18 An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 FDA based its order
17、 upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is
18、 unavoidable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Lung Cancer 1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has m
19、ore than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible cause, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are thepresence of f
20、oreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers 21 to 30 cigarettes per daythe
21、 mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detec
22、ting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much
23、 more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common form of lung cancer is broncho-genic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting spaces between
24、 lung and the outside, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, befo
25、re secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. 5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths. A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers B. The Advanta
26、ges Brought about by Routine Chest Checkup C. Relationship Between Mortality Rate from Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits D. Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers E. The Increasing Death Rate from Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragr
27、aph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhere B. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have C. what is most responsible for lung cancer D. as some people imagine E. the more chances of getting lung cancer he will have F. which form of lung cancer is a common on
28、e 27 Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous_. 28 A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely_. 29 People are still not sure_. 30 The more cigarettes one smokes,._ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Heat and Health Extrem
29、ely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems and death. Health experts say that since the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year the un
30、usually hot summer of 1980 heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city Chicago. To measure extreme heat, government weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index. It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day
31、 on an extremely hot day. Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. The most
32、 common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it also is the least severe. For most people, the only result of heat stress is muscle pain. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again ha
33、s the right amounts of water and salt. For some people, however, the result is much more serious. For example, doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress. These people have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat
34、can help cause a heart attack or stroke. Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather. 31 How many people died from heat in Chicago in 19957 （ A） About 1700. （ B） Nearly 1900. （ C） Around 1100. （ D） Over 600. 32 What can people learn from the Mean Heat Index? （ A）
35、The average temperature of an extremely hot day. （ B） The highest temperature of an extremely hot day. （ C） The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day. （ D） The nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day. 33 A heat wave is a period of time during which_. （ A） the weather is much better than u
36、sual （ B） the nights are much longer than usual （ C） the weather is much hotter than usual （ D） the days are much longer than usual 34 Muscle pain in hot weather means that your body needs_. （ A） more exercise （ B） more water （ C） less oxygen （ D） less sugar 35 For people who are in extremely poor h
37、ealth, heat can be_. （ A） deadly （ B） painful （ C） helpful （ D） stressful 35 Cigars Instead Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophag
38、us, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) six fold , say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk
39、of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article “Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specifi
40、c nitrosamines. “This article provides clear and invalidating information about the disturbing increases in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country. “ said Dr. Richard Riausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. “The data are clear the harmfu
41、l substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases. “ he added. “In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. “ “To those individuals who may be t
42、hinking about smoking cigars, our advice is dont. Tothose currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks. “ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press releases , there havent been any studies on the health effe
43、cts on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke. “ 36 According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_. （ A） increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers. （ B） greatly increases th
44、e risk of oral cancer for smokers. （ C） increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers. （ D） greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers. 37 In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily? （ A） Six. （ B） Seven. （ C） Eight. （ D） Nine.
45、38 What is the main idea of the article Cigars : Health Effects and Trends“? （ A） When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes. （ B） Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so. （ C） Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes. （ D） Increase in cigar-sm
46、oking does not affect public health much. 39 What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers? （ A） To give it up completely. （ B） To give up part of it. （ C） Not to think about it any more. （ D） To cure the diseases first. 40 In the context of this passage, “secondhand smoke“ means_. （ A） smoking
47、bad-quality cigars （ B） smoking very cheap cigars （ C） being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking （ D） being near cigar smokers when they are smoking 40 Oil and Economy Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply cuts in March, the price of crud
48、e oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near,tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global econ
49、omic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oi
