1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Please ensure that your seatbelts are fastened while driving. （ A） make out （ B） make for （ C） make up （ D） make sure 2 Martin decided that he had no adequate proof. （ A） enough （ B） convincin
2、g （ C） qualified （ D） appropriate 3 Dont injure yourself with that tool. （ A） blame （ B） hurt （ C） equip （ D） provide 4 I am very grateful to you for your assistance. （ A） helpful （ B） hopeful （ C） pitiful （ D） thankful 5 The National Safety Council urges drivers and passengers to wear seat belts as
3、 a warning against injury. （ A） caution （ B） precaution （ C） security （ D） safety 6 Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very worthwhile. （ A） precious （ B） rewarding （ C） worth （ D） challenging 7 The people in that remote area still live on humble means because the ec
4、onomy there is underdeveloped. （ A） difficult （ B） modest （ C） arduous （ D） domestic 8 Features such as height, weight, and skin color differ from individual to individual and from face to face。 （ A） change （ B） vary （ C） alter （ D） convert 9 The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villa
5、ges : several fishing boats were damaged and many houses collapsed。 （ A） wrecked （ B） spoiled （ C） torn （ D） injured 10 A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough pain in the neck. （ A） nuisance （ B） trouble （ C） worry （ D） anxiety 11 Cement was seldom used in building during
6、the Middle Ages. （ A） crudely （ B） rarely （ C） originally （ D） symbolically 12 We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. （ A） clean （ B） pretty （ C） distant （ D） secure 13 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production. （ A） speed up （ B） decrease （ C） stop （ D）
7、control 14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 15 I happened to see the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street。 （ A） had a vision of （ B） glimpsed at （ C） looked at （ D） saw a scene of 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分
8、 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Childrens Numerical Skills People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity
9、guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this am
10、ounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any seriou
11、s problems of intellectual adjustment. Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped or, as the case might be, bumped in
12、toconcepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of bl
13、ue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers the idea of a oneness, a two ness, a three ness that applies to any
14、class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table is itself far from innate. 16 Children can set table even before they can walk and talk. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Children almost master addition and subtraction at the sam
15、e time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 It is not true that a child exiled on a desert at,birth could enter a second-grade mathematics class without serious problem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Children dont believe that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short s
16、tout glass into a tall thin one. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Children are more aware of color than number. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 According to the passage, peoples concept of number is not innate. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 There is an internal c
17、lock of mathematical maturity guiding childrens growth. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Drug Abuse 1 The term “drug abuse“ most often refers to the use of a
18、 drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs. 2 Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classif
19、y psychoactive drugs according to what they do to those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal in higher doses , excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants
20、. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress signals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct kind of depressants are those which dull the minds perception of pain and in m
21、edicine are used as painkillers, or analgesics. These drugs called narcotics. 3 It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive drugs than it is to study who abuses them. When researchers describe patterns of
22、 drug abuse, then, they usually describe the more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not. 4 Drinking on the job is a social and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity of illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in
23、 the workplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. 5 From the 1920s until the 1960s, treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practi
24、cally nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers were simply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs during the 1960s demo
25、nstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s. A. Patterns of drug abuse B. Treatment C. Drug testing in the workplace D. Classification of psychoactive drugs E. Definition 23 Paragraph 1 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph
26、5 _. 26 A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job B. determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse C. the 1920s until the 1960s D. the 1960s until the 1970s E. signals passing through the nervous system 27 Drugs that speed up _. 28 Treatme
27、nt of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent from _. 29 It is not always easy to _. 30 Estimates of employee drug use very greatly, ranging from _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Humanity uses a little less than half the water available wo
28、rldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱 ) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespr
29、ead water crisis. But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world-if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic per
30、spective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want. Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water i
31、tself as well as for the supply costs. Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉 ) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rai
32、nfall in depressions (凹地 ) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national
33、agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy. 31 What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? （ A） Only half of the worlds water can be used. （ B） The world population is increasing faster and faster. （ C） Half of t
34、he worlds water resources have been seriously polluted. （ D） Humanity has not placed efficient value on water resources. 32 As indicated in the passage, the water problem _. （ A） is already serious in certain parts of the world （ B） has been exaggerated by some experts in the field （ C） poses a chal
35、lenge to the technology of building reservoirs （ D） is underestimated by government organizations at different levels 33 According to the author, the water price should _. （ A） be reduced to the minimum （ B） stimulate domestic demand （ C） correspond to its real value （ D） take into account the occur
36、rences of droughts 34 The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _. （ A） build big lakes to store water （ B） construct big pumping stations （ C） build small and cheap irrigation systems （ D） channel water from nearby rivers to cropland 35 In order to raise the efficiency of th
37、e water supply, measures should be taken to _. （ A） guarantee full protection of the environment （ B） centralize the management of water resources （ C） increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels （ D） encourage local and regional of water resources 35 U. S. to Start $ 3.2 Billion
38、Child Health Study in January “A study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January. “ U. S. health officials said on Friday. Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes
39、of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such a
40、s exposure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials sa
41、id more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $ 3.2 billion. “We anticipate that in the long term , what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs. “ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shri
42、ver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findi
43、ngs will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study. The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the N
44、IH said. 36 The aim of the study is to find new ways to _. （ A） conduct research （ B） track public health （ C） prevent or treat illness （ D） speed up development 37 Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT _. （ A） genetic samples from people in the study （ B） biological samples from people
45、in the study （ C） samples from the homes of the women and their babies （ D） samples of air and water from hospitals 38 It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs _. （ A） will be lowered in the long run （ B） will be significantly increased （ C） will be more than $ 200 million
46、 （ D） will reach $ 3.2 billion 39 The babies of the participants will be followed _. （ A） throughout their lives （ B） for more than two decades （ C） from birth to 21 months （ D） until they get married 40 Which is NOT true of the people in the study? （ A） Theyll be from various areas. （ B） Theyll be
47、from all income levels. （ C） Theyll be from all educational levels. （ D） Theyll be from all age groups. 40 Sleepwalking (梦游 ) Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen duri
48、ng active sleep, but a person isnt physically active during active sleep. Sleepwalking usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the stage called slow-wave or deep sleep. Not all sleepwalkers actually walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like theyre awake when in fact, theyre asl
49、eep! Most, however, do get up and move around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour. Sleepwalkers eyes are open, but they dont see the same way they do when theyre awake and often think theyre in different rooms of the house or different places altogether. Sleepwalkers tend to go back to bed on their own and they wont remember it in the morning. Researchers estimate that about 15% of kids sleepwalk regularly. Sle
