1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We had a very awful earthquake here last year. （ A） light （ B） terrible （ C） slight （ D） obvious 2 He accidentally found a stock of jewelry stamps when he was packing up his books. （ A） by the
2、 way （ B） by chance （ C） by hand （ D） by nature 3 I am feeling a lot more healthy than I was. （ A） many （ B） no （ C） some （ D） much 4 It is advisable to see a dentist regularly. （ A） frightening （ B） terrible （ C） wise （ D） beneficial 5 You can turn to different kinds of people, dictionaries or maps
3、, to find out what you wish to know. （ A） contact （ B） consult （ C） refer （ D） request 6 Louis was asked to name the man who stole her purse. （ A） confirm （ B） recognize （ C） claim （ D） identify 7 After the collision, he examined the considerable wreck to his car. （ A） ruin （ B） destruction （ C） dam
4、age （ D） injury 8 While some office jobs would seem boring to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying. （ A） hostile （ B） tedious （ C） fantastic （ D） courageous 9 In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments,a student should exhibit his findi
5、ngs in logical order and clear language. （ A） furnish （ B） propose （ C） raise （ D） present 10 Writing is a slow process, requiring plenty of thought, time and effort。 （ A） significant （ B） considerable （ C） enormous （ D） numerous 11 He hoped the firm would reassign him to the Paris branch. （ A） exch
6、ange （ B） transmit （ C） transfer （ D） remove 12 Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. （ A） slight （ B） surprising （ C） sudden （ D） harmful 13 There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. （ A） a steady （ B） a
7、 plentiful （ C） an extra （ D） a meager 14 We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land. （ A） hairless （ B） bare （ C） empty （ D） smooth 15 Jack eventually overtook the last truck. （ A） hit （ B） passed （ C） reached （ D） led 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判
8、断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction betwe
9、en schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning t
10、hat takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces
11、 Surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school,
12、and one that should be an integral part of ones entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are tau
13、ght by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school
14、 students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. 16 There is no difference between schoolin
15、g and education in the United States. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to the passage, education can be get in a kitchen. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Schooling can be predictable, while education may bring surprises. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Ch
16、ildrens education process should begin at the age of three. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Through out the country, children arrive at school at different time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Its unlikely to find out the truth about political problems of communities in high
17、 school classes. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The writer argues that childrens schooling should be stopped by education. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确
18、定一个最佳选项。 22 Screen Test 1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including A
19、ustralia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is dense
20、r. 3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160, 000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4 The mathematical model
21、 recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5 The r
22、esearchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programmer, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6 But they point
23、 out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help“ optimize the technique“ for breast cancer screeni
24、ng. 7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a ris
25、k of causing one later in life, Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programmer. A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investigating the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Treatmen
26、t of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 26 A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum 27 Early discovery of breast cancer may _.
27、28 Advantages of screening younger women are _. 29 Delaying the age at which screening starts may _. 30 Radiation exposure should be _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。 请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. The
28、y will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is th
29、at we learn to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服 ) it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving
30、 just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, si
31、t,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群 ) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的 ) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to ple
32、asantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 31 Beha
33、vior problems of dogs are believed to _. （ A） be just part of their nature （ B） worsen in modern society （ C） occur when they go wild （ D） present a threat to the community 32 The primary purpose of obedience training is to _. （ A） teach the dog to perform clever tricks （ B） make the dog aware of it
34、s owners authority （ C） provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior （ D） enable the dog to regain its normal behavior 33 Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _. （ A） essential to solving the dogs behavior problems （ B） the foundation for dogs to perform tasks （ C） a good way
35、 to teach the dog new tricks （ D） an extreme measure in obedience training 34 Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? （ A） To avoid being punished. （ B） To show their affection for their masters. （ C） To win leadership of the dog pack. （ D） To show their willingness to obey. 35 Whe
36、n a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _. （ A） can give the dog more rewards （ B） will enjoy a better family life （ C） can give the dog more freedom （ D） will have more confidence in himself 35 Priscilla Ouchidas “energy efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dream. When
37、she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double paned (双层玻璃的 ) windows and several other energy saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in,
38、 however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness. Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛 ) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximu
39、m allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall to wall carpeting. The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isnt new.
40、“The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along. “ says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. “ The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed ho
41、mes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to
42、dangerous levels. 36 It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house _. （ A） is well worth the money spent on its construction （ B） is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation （ C） failed to meet energy conservation standards （ D） was designed and constructed in a scientific
43、 way 37 What made the Ouchidas new house a horrible dream? （ A） Lack of fresh air. （ B） Poor quality of building materials. （ C） Gas leakage in the kitchen. （ D） The newly painted walls 38 The word “accentuate“ ( Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means “_“. （ A） relieve （ B） accelerate （ C） worsen （ D）
44、 improve 39 Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern? （ A） Because indoor cleanness was not emphasized. （ B） Because energy used to be inexpensive. （ C） Because environmental protection was given top priority. （ D） Because they were technically unavoidable. 40 This passage is most probably ta
45、ken from an article entitled “_“. （ A） Energy Conservation （ B） House Building Crisis （ C） Air Pollution Indoors （ D） Traps in Building Construction 40 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as
46、pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员 ). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
47、 The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.
48、 Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷 ) in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation d
49、oes not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Res
