1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 How can we reduce the risk of cancer? （ A） cut in （ B） cut down （ C） cut off （ D） cut out 2 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo
2、by water. （ A） continuously （ B） quickly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 3 During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. （ A） permanent （ B） powerful （ C） striking （ D） practical 4 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its s
3、carce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 5 His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married. （ A） failed （ B） deleted （ C） refused （ D） rejected 6 The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles. （ A） quicken （ B） shorten
4、（ C） loosen （ D） enlarge 7 We should never content ourselves with a little knowledge only. （ A） convince （ B） satisfy （ C） comfort （ D） benefit 8 We should contemplated the problem from all sides. （ A） deliberated （ B） thought （ C） described （ D） designed 9 His health had deteriorated while he was i
5、n prison. （ A） became better （ B） became worse （ C） became stronger （ D） became weaker 10 If you want my advice, you should revise your plan for the trip to Beijing. （ A） change （ B） exchange （ C） enlarge （ D） encourage 11 Smoking is inhibited in public places. （ A） instructed （ B） inquired （ C） for
6、bidden （ D） strived 12 He is said to be suffering from terminal cancer and has asked for euthanasia (安乐死 ). （ A） acute （ B） chronic （ C） final （ D） fatal 13 I felt impelled to tell the truth. （ A） promoted （ B） induced （ C） compelled （ D） improved 14 Its prudent to take a thick coat in cold weather
7、when you go out. （ A） controversial （ B） reasonable （ C） sensible （ D） sensitive 15 Are you positive that theres been no mistake? （ A） rational （ B） reasonable （ C） certain （ D） bound 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，
8、请选择 C。 16 Spare a Kidney? It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998. There are many reasons. First, its
9、possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant surgeons
10、 have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks. Just because you do something, however, it doesnt mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that c
11、arries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly cant pretend that youre better off with one kidney instead of two. So, what are the risks? “As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of vein clots
12、 in the legs or a hernia at the incision,“ says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the
13、 procedure are about 3 in 10,000. Theres no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipients insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability. Although transplant centers must
14、 evaluate any potential donors suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ-no matter if youre healthy. “Theres ofte
15、n the feeling that youre not a good friend, father, mother if you dont do this,“ says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvanias center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a “medical problem“ on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they cant say no. 16
16、From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 You dont have
17、 to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 No one sell
18、s organs in the US since it is illegal. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Some transplant centers invent “medical problems“ to cheat potential kidney dono
19、rs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Stanford University 1. Stanford University is sometimes called “the Harvard of the West.“ The closeness of Stanford to S
20、an Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan (世界性的 ) flavor. 2. The students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards f
21、or admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes. 3. Not only because of the high caliber (素质 ) of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty
22、some of the worlds most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners in various fields. Stanfords undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded. 4. What is student life like on “The Farm“? Cu
23、lturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecture
24、rs from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging. 5. In addition to fi
25、nancial support from alumni (校友 ), Stanford receives grants from the government and from private charities. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At present Stanford is carrying out an ambitious buil
26、ding program, financed in part by the Ford Foundations 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library. 23 A Colorful Life on Campus B Intelligent Student Body C Excellent Admi
27、nistration D Distinguished Faculty E Substantial Financial Support F Rich European Flavor 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A both indoors and outdoors B both home and abroad C most distinguished scholars D desirable climate E cultural activities F external finan
28、cial support 27 Stanford University attracts students from _. 28 The faculty of the university boasts some of the worlds _. 29 The university offers a rich variety of _. 30 The development of the university relies to a certain extent on _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选
29、1个最佳选项。 31 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until mere skillful medical treatment is available, it may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway (气道 ), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may preve
30、nt a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life. First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and t
31、he providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的 ) injury and paralysis (瘫痪 ). Despite the variety of injuries possible, several princ
32、iples of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured perso
33、ns family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病 ) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet (手镯 ) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the acciden
34、t scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do net move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym (首字母缩写词 ) ABC, which stands for: A - Ai
35、rway: is it open and clear? B - Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing. C - Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems. 31 First aid may bring about all the fo
36、llowing results EXCEPT （ A） saving a victims life. （ B） preventing a victims condition from getting worse. （ C） helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury. （ D） relieving a victim from pain. 32 Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us （ A） to refer to all kinds of
37、 handbooks on first aid. （ B） to make sure what to do and what not to do. （ C） to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing. （ D） to take him to a hospital at once. 33 In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all （ A） remove him from the accident scene. （ B） turn him over. （ C
38、） examine him carefully. （ D） call for professional medical help. 34 You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXCEPT （ A） checking whether there is a pulse. （ B） looking, listening and feeling for breathing. （ C） examining whether the airway is open and clear. （ D） replacing his medic
39、al bracelet or card. 35 The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader （ A） some basic facts about first aid. （ B） the importance of protecting the accident scene. （ C） what professional medical help is. （ D） who can administer first aid. 36 Stress at Work and Still Healthy The term could yet beco
40、me the word of the year: stress is on everyones lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers, officials and teachers are complaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under- or overworked and quickly lo
41、se their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the negative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality (活力 ). “Firstly, stress is healthy,“ says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and m
42、anagement consultant says: “It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance.“ Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature: “There is no such thing as a stress-
43、free life.“ But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration (持续时间 ), its cause or causes and the sufferers personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will
44、take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are relaxed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear. Exercise, healthy eating and relaxation are thus the thr
45、ee pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Voelker-Albert, spokeswoman for the governments Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign “Gut Drauf“ (Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agencys research suggests
46、that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed (负担过重 ) and under stress. Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines (偏头痛 ) and indigestion (消化不良 ), nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds. But even the best solutions dont work if they are not p
47、ut into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga (瑜伽功 ) and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce st
48、ress levels over a weekend. 36 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress? （ A） Stress has both positive and negative aspects. （ B） Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure. （ C） Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature, （ D） Stress only leads to serious problems. 37
49、 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel （ A） fit and healthy. （ B） under-or overworked. （ C） irritated, tired and exhausted. （ D） relaxed and happy. 38 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress? （ A） Those who are in good moods, （ B） Those who suffer from the flu. （ C） Those who are successful. （ D） Those who feel refreshed at every new turn. 39 All the following complaints are said to have increased amon
