1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The Social Insurance Number(SIN) card is the primary mode of identification for Canadians. （ A） principal （ B） original （ C） prior （ D） sole 2 The League of Women Voters is a nonpartisan organ
2、ization that promotes informed active public participation in government. （ A） amateur （ B） organized （ C） educated （ D） dedicated 3 Margaret Avison, one of Canadas finest poets, has remained outside the mainstream of recognized writers. （ A） thrived （ B） stayed （ C） reappeared （ D） published 4 Nati
3、onal forests make money for the government through the sale of trees for lumber. （ A） earn （ B） print （ C） trade （ D） borrow 5 Scott seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director. （ A） realized （ B） grasped （ C） rendered （ D） delivered 6 Hens laying eggs need plenty of nourishing fo
4、od. （ A） eat （ B） require （ C） find （ D） use 7 Engineers use the principles of aerodynamics in designing airplanes and other objects affected by aerodynamic forces. （ A） laws （ B） movements （ C） studies （ D） products 8 The representative was asked to verify his earlier statement. （ A） confirm （ B） w
5、ithdraw （ C） repeat （ D） modify 9 The recycling of aluminum conserves ninety-five percent of the energy needed to make new metal. （ A） cleaning （ B） reprocessing （ C） reselling （ D） crushing 10 Columbus discovered America while seeking a trade route to India. （ A） mapping （ B） hoping for （ C） search
6、ing for （ D） finding 11 Color changes in chameleons seem to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimuli. （ A） ought （ B） have （ C） appear （ D） used 12 Many city dwellers are turning vacant lots into thriving gardens. （ A） costly （ B） empty （ C） small （ D） shady 13 Acc
7、ulturation is a process whereby the members of one culture adopt the customs of another. （ A） spread （ B） regulate （ C） take on （ D） count on 14 The walrus uses its tusks to dig food from the ocean bottom. （ A） floor （ B） environment （ C） islands （ D） waves 15 A result of nuclear explosion, fallout
8、is the descent of minute particles of radioactive material through the atmosphere. （ A） charged （ B） heavy （ C） tiny （ D） lost 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lo
9、t longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we
10、have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we dont slip back into bad habits, lets have a
11、 look at what life was like 100 years ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didnt live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets (佝偻病 ) and scurvy (坏血病 ), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not abl
12、e to feed their children well. Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down. People didnt have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on wi
13、ndowsills (窗台板 )， blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks (火柴杆 ) (a job done by many children) or working with your dad by now.
14、 16 On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 People now enjoy longer lives for unknown reasons. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Poor di
15、ets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 People in the past preferred standing up to lying down when sleeping. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
16、22 Life was not easy for many children living 100 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Paris 1 Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country,
17、 is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nations population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all o
18、f the nations activities. 2 Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolutions great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by
19、 the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. 3 The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazine
20、s and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world. 4 In the late 1980s about 4. 1 million pupils annually
21、 attended about 47, 000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5. 4 million students attended some 11, 200 secondary schools. Approximately 1. 2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models
22、 throughout the world. 5 Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology
23、 industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment. A History of the city B Industries of the city C Population growth D Education E Cultural center F Immigration 23 Paragraph _ 24 Paragraph _ 25 Paragraph _ 26
24、Paragraph _ 26 A can be found in Paris B the major events of the nation C of the countrys industries D a lot of cinemas and theatres E has been growing steadily F has been decreasing rapidly 27 Paris has in history been the center of_. 28 Since the 10th century, the population of Paris_. 29 Many val
25、uable works of art_. 30 Paris is not only the center of education of France, but also the center 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics Most older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if th
26、ey would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalets Center for Muscle Research show
27、ed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II, all more
28、than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked. Associate Professor Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said th
29、e tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilization as the healthy non-exercising persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the sam
30、e time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment, “ Dela was quoted as saying. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve the desired effect
31、diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. Most diabetics realize that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, D
32、ela added. 31 How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin? _ （ A） By taking more salt than usual. （ B） By taking less salt than usual. （ C） By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week. （ D） By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day. 32 Physical exercis
33、e may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by_. （ A） 70 per cent （ B） 30 per cent （ C） 60 per cent （ D） only a few per cent 33 The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included （ A） elderly non-diabetic men （ B） elderly type II diabetic mere （ C） both s
34、exes of all ages （ D） both A and B 34 To what a degree have diabetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect? _ （ A） To the degree where they begin to sweat. （ B） To the degree where they feel exhausted. （ C） To the point when they reel thirsty. （ D） To the point when they have to take i
35、nsulin. 35 According to Dela, among most diabetics the importance of exercise is_the importance of watching their diet. （ A） as poorly understood as （ B） as well understood as （ C） less understood than （ D） better understood than 35 Corporations A corporation is a firm owned by one or more individua
36、ls who own shares of stock that define ownership and rights to profits. Liability is limited to the value of corporation assets. Although corporations constitute the smallest category of business organization in the United States, they conduct most of the business. In 1998. corporations accounted fo
37、r just 19 percent of the total number of firms in the economy but 90 percent of total business revenuers. From these numbers we can infer that many large firms are corporations and that this form of business organization possesses certain advantages over the proprietorship and the partnership in con
38、ducting large-scale production and marketing. In a corporation, ownership is divided into equal parts called shares of stock. Shares are the equal portions into which ownership of a corporation is divided. If any stockholder dies or sells out to a new owner, the existence of the business organizatio
39、n is not terminated or endangered as it is in a proprietorship or partnership. For this reason the corporation is said to possess the feature of continuity(连续性 ). Another feature that makes the corporation radically different from other forms of business organization is share transferability the rig
40、ht of owners to transfer their shares by sale or gift without having to obtain the permission of other shareholders (股东 ). For many large organizations, shares of stock are traded on a stock market such as the New York Stock Exchange. Other corporations, however, are smaller, and their shares are tr
41、aded so seldom that they are not even listed on formal stock exchanges. The shares of these firms are traded by independent stockbrokers(股票经纪人 ) on the over-the-counter market. Share transferability is the most economically important feature of the corporation; in fact, share transferability is one
42、reason for the origin of the corporation. It allows owners and managers to specialize, increasing efficiency and profitability in the firm. Owners of stock in a corporation do not need to be concerned with the day-to-day operations of the firm. All that owners need to do is observe the changing pric
43、e of the firms shares on the stock market to decide whether the company is being competently managed if they are dissatisfied with the performance of the company, they can sell their stock. Managers, on the other hand , specialize in reviewing the day-to-day operations of the corporation. Still anot
44、her feature of the corporation is limited liability. Corporate shareholders are responsible for the debts or liabilities of the corporation only to the extent that they have invested in it. Many investors prefer investments in which their risk of personal loss is strictly limited; the amount of dire
45、ct investment in corporations is therefore increased as a result of the limited liability involved. 36 What is this passage mainly about?_ （ A） The concept and features of corporation. （ B） The difference between corporation and other forms of business organization. （ C） The advantages corporations
46、possess. （ D） The formation of a corporation. 37 One difference between a corporation and a partnership lies in_. （ A） scale of operation （ B） profitability （ C） amount of funds （ D） feature of continuity 38 In the case of a corporation, the right to transfer shares is_. （ A） illegal （ B） legal （ C）
47、 flexible （ D） inflexible 39 The passage implies that the price of the firms shares is an indication of its_. （ A） performance （ B） earnings （ C） size （ D） profits 40 One defining feature of the corporation is_. （ A） profitability （ B） credibility （ C） efficiency （ D） share of transferability 40 Com
48、mon-cold Sense You cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is
49、better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you n
