1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 25及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 If Republicans hope to win in 2012, theyd better stop acting like disheveled Democrats. （ A） divided （ B） disabled （ C） disguised （ D） dissolved 2 You have to follow the guide whose sole inter
2、est is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule. （ A） obvious （ B） simple （ C） only （ D） assumed 3 Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed. （ A） convert （ B） store （ C） utilize （ D） receive 4 He is considered to be the most diligent student in class. （ A） kind-hear
3、ted （ B） hard-working （ C） short-sighted （ D） far-reaching 5 We should contemplated the problem from all sides. （ A） deliberated （ B） thought （ C） described （ D） designed 6 He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines. （ A） supervise （ B） watch （ C） suspect （ D） predict 7 It is no
4、use debating the relative merits of this policy. （ A） making （ B） taking （ C） discussing （ D） expecting 8 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. （ A） function （ B） ability （ C） power （ D） volume 9 Her mood can be gauged by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents: （ A） displayed （ B） show
5、n （ C） proved （ D） assessed 10 Many city dwellers are turning vacant lots into thriving gardens. （ A） costly （ B） empty （ C） small （ D） shady 11 The leaves of the eucalyptus tree can be used to make a potent antiseptic that kills harmful bacteria in cuts and scrapes. （ A） natural （ B） dangerous （ C）
6、 rare （ D） tropical 12 Unfortunately, the rate of his expenditure surpasses that of his income. （ A） precedes （ B） dominates （ C） exceeds （ D） prevails 13 In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. （ A） strange （ B） certain （ C） inconsistent （ D） proper 14
7、 After a days fierce fighting, the enemy finally had to remove their troops from the occupied area. （ A） retreat （ B） return （ C） dismiss （ D） withdraw 15 Her behavior is extremely childish. （ A） simple （ B） immature （ C） beautiful （ D） foolish 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对
8、每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Relieving the Pain “Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain, “say from doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. “People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more and start exercising. “ The instinc
9、tive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful ba
10、cks now account for millions of days off work. Lumber(腰部的 ) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground but they are made worse by a sedentary (久坐不动的 ) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficu
11、lt to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽 ) , the body s “feel -good“ chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body
12、. Most people who go to a family doctor to complain about pain are prescribed pain - killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers.end up taking stronger
13、 doses or a series of different drugs, “its crazy, “ says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. Ive just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing
14、 under different names. “ A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical
15、activity. In some pain -relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes Later in the day, they practice tai chi (太极 ) self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two and half hours physiotherapy (理疗 )
16、 a week in a traditional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to increase long - lasting energy, flexibility and confidence. “ explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner th
17、an those subjected to more conservative treatment. “ 16 To treat pain, patients should stop moving around. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Headaches are partly caused by lack of excercise. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pai
18、n. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Excercises helps pain sufferers
19、 to recover more quickly than traditional treatment. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 New pain clinic ask patients to give up drugs completely. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30
20、题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 A. a lot of mutual bitterness will come B. highly subjective C. differently by different persons D. keep on molding you E. in accordance with our wishes F. a different face quite unknown to you 23 Look at the face of any person well known to you, you will find_. 24 The
21、 perception of knowing a person in accordance with your own imagination is 25 Your thoughts about yourself_. 26 A person is perceived_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 27 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently Male pilots flying general aviation (priva
22、te) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision-making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The
23、study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. “Crashes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots as for motor vehicle
24、drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine
25、 the gender differences in the masons for the crash.“ The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and
26、 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pi
27、lot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up w
28、ere among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. The majority of the crashes-95 percent for females and 88 percent for males-involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more commo
29、n among females(accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be guilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and Visibility or flying an aircraft with a know
30、n defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterparts. inattention n.疏忽 flawed adj. 有缺陷的 mishandle v. 瞎弄 ,乱处理 MPH(Master of Public Health) 公共卫生硕士 stall v. (飞机 ) 失速 , (发动机 ) 熄火 kinetics n. 动力学 27 What is the resear
31、ch at Johns Hopkins University about? （ A） Causes of aircraft crash. （ B） Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes. （ C） Causes of mishandling aircraft. （ D） Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States. 28 Which of the statements is NOT true according to the seco
32、nd paragraph? （ A） Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source of aviation accidents in the United States. （ B） Male pilots, like male vehicle drivers, are more likely to have accidents than female pilots. （ C） It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and ine
33、xperienced pilots. （ D） Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash. 29 How did the researchers carry out their study? （ A） They studied the findings of several previous research projects. （ B） They conduced a questionnaire with 411 pilots. （
34、C） They collected data from the database at the Johns Hopkins University. （ D） They analyzed the circumstances of the crashes involved. 30 What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots? （ A） Mechanical failure and running out of fuel. （ B） Loss of control on landing or takeoff and
35、 stalling. （ C） Loss of control on landing or takeoff and running out of fuel. （ D） Stalling and landing with the gear up. 31 In the comparison of female and male pilots, （ A） female pilots are found to be more courageous and risk taking （ B） male pilots are found to be more professional and attenti
36、ve （ C） female pilots are found to make more errors out of carelessness （ D） male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making 32 The Body Thieves In the early nineteenth century in Britain, many improvements were being made in the world of medicine. Doctors and surgeons were becoming mor
37、e knowledgeable about the human body. Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable. However, surgeons had one problem. They needed dead bodies to cut up, or dissect (解剖 ). This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body, and the only way to
38、teach new surgeons to carry out operations. The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called “body snatchers“. They went into graveyards (墓地 ) at night and, using wooden shovels to make less noise, dug up any recently buried bodies. Then they took the bodi
39、es to the medical schools and sold them. A body could be sold for between 5 and 10, which was a lot of money at that time, The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an agreement with them-they never asked any questions. They did net desire to know where the bodies came from, as long as they kept a
40、rriving. The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and William Hare. Burke and Hare were different because they did not just dig up bodies from graveyards. They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up, they kil
41、led the poorer guests In Hares small hotel. Dr Knox, the respected surgeon they worked for, never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled (勒死 ). For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because, unsurprisingly, the bodies of their victims were never found by the police. The
42、y were eventually arrested and put on trial in 1829. The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged. Appropriately, his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table, just like his victims, In one small
43、 way, justice was done. Now, over 150 years later, surgeons de not need the help of criminals to learn their skills. However, the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome (令人毛骨悚然的 ) help. 32 The problem facing British surgeons in the early 19th century was that （ A）
44、some illnesses remained incurable. （ B） few people were willing to work as surgeons. （ C） medical expenses were too high. （ D） dead bodies were not easily available. 33 The body snatchers used wooden shovels because （ A） they did not wish to spoil the dead bodies. （ B） they wanted to keep the bodies
45、 to themselves. （ C） they were afraid of being caught. （ D） they were careful not to disturb anyone. 34 Burke and Hare differed from other body snatchers in that （ A） they got other people to dig up bodies for them, （ B） they sold the bodies only to one surgeon. （ C） they dug up bodies not just from
46、 graveyards. （ D） they resorted to murder to get bodies. 35 The bodies of Burkes and Hams victims couldnt be found by the police because （ A） they had been stolen. （ B） they had been strangled. （ C） they had been dissected. （ D） they had been buried. 36 The body thieves contributed in their gruesome
47、 way to （ A） medical advancement. （ B） legal progress. （ C） social stability. （ D） material wealth. 37 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until mere skillful medical treatment is available, it may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse,
48、 temperature, a clear airway (气道 ), and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference betw
49、een complete recovery and loss of life. First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的 ) injury and paralysis (瘫痪 ). Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. T
