1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 26及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （ D） relieved 2 I am feeling a lot more healthy than I was. （ A） many （ B） no （
2、 C） some （ D） much 3 12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland. （ A） hairless （ B） bare （ C） empty （ D） bald 4 We derive knowledge mainly from books. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 5 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water. （ A） boiled （ B） pollut
3、ed （ C） mixed （ D） sweetened 6 Color changes in chameleons seem to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimuli. （ A） ought （ B） have （ C） appear （ D） used 7 14. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress. （ A） despair （ B） difficulty （ C） need （ D） danger
4、 8 I happened to see the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street。 （ A） had a vision of （ B） glimpsed at （ C） looked at （ D） saw a scene of 9 A result of nuclear explosion, fallout is the descent of minute particles of radioactive material through the atmosphere. （ A） charged （ B）
5、heavy （ C） tiny （ D） lost 10 Smoking will be banned in all public places here. （ A） forbidden （ B） allowed （ C） permitted （ D） promoted 11 The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close. （ A） stated （ B） said （ C） announced （ D） suggested 12 Tickets must be purchased two weeks in
6、 advance. （ A） booked （ B） bought （ C） sold （ D） obtained 13 Niagara Falls is a great tourist site, drawing millions of visitors every year. （ A） attention （ B） attraction （ C） appointment （ D） arrangement 14 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. （ A） assumes （
7、 B） expects （ C） predicts （ D） considers 15 The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. （ A） relative （ B） general （ C） continuous （ D） sharp 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句
8、的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Spare a Kidney? It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one, but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend, a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998. There are many reasons. F
9、irst, its possible to live a normal life with only one kidney. (The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference.) In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly. But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplan
10、t surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the donor kidney through a much smaller incision, and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks. Just because you do something, however, it doesnt mean you should. Donating a kidney means undergoing an operat
11、ion that carries some risk. You could argue that you may be helping to save a life, but you certainly cant pretend that youre better off with one kidney instead of two. So, what are the risks? “As with any major operation, there is a chance of dying, of reoperation due to bleeding, of infection, of
12、vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision,“ says Dr. Arthur Matas, director of the renal-transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis. Even laparoscopy, a relatively new technique for kidney donation, is not risk-free. Doctors estimate that chances of dyin
13、g from the procedure are about 3 in 10,000. Theres no money to be made; selling an organ is illegal. But the recipients insurance normally covers your operation and immediate aftercare. Your costs can include hotel bills, lost pay during recovery or possible future disability. Although transplant ce
14、nters must evaluate any potential donors suitability, it never hurts to have an independent opinion. The most common contraindications are heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Never let anyone, not even a close relative, pressure you into giving up an organ-no matter if youre healthy. “T
15、heres often the feeling that youre not a good friend, father, mother if you dont do this,“ says Arthus Caplan, director of the University of Pennsylvanias center for Bioethics. Some transplant centers will invent a “medical problem“ on behalf of those who are reluctant to donate but feel they cant s
16、ay no. 16 From 1994 to 1998 the number of Americans who had donated a kidney reached 244. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 One of the reasons why the number of kidney donors has risen is that one is better off with one kidney instead of two. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 You
17、 dont have to be dead to donate a kidney, but you had better know the risks before you give it up. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 None of the Americans who donates a kidney during the period lasting from 1994 to 1998 died from the procedure. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 N
18、o one sells organs in the US since it is illegal. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People with heart disease, diabetes and high pressure are not suitable for kidney donation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Some transplant centers invent “medical problems“ to cheat potential k
19、idney donors. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Lung Cancer 1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has m
20、ore than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible cause, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are thepresence of f
21、oreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers 21 to 30 cigarettes per daythe
22、 mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detec
23、ting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much
24、 more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common form of lung cancer is broncho-genic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting spaces between
25、 lung and the outside, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, befo
26、re secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. 5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths. A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers B. The Advanta
27、ges Brought about by Routine Chest Checkup C. Relationship Between Mortality Rate from Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits D. Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers E. The Increasing Death Rate from Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragr
28、aph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 27 Brain-dead Mother Dies after Giving Birth A brain-dead woman who was kept alive for three months so she could deliver the child she was carrying was removed from life support on Wednesday and died, a day af
29、ter giving birth. “This is obviously a bittersweet time for our family,“ Justin Torres, the womans brother-in-law, said in a statement. Susan Torres, a cancer-stricken, 26-year-old researcher at the National Institutes of Health, suffered a stroke in May after the melanoma (黑瘤 ) spread to her brain.
30、 Her family decided to keep her alive to give her foetus (胎儿 ) a chance. It became a race between the foetus development and the cancer that was destroying the womans body. Doctors said that Torres health was getting worse and that the risk of harm to the foetus finally outweighed the benefits of ex
31、tending the pregnancy. Torres gave birth to a daughter by Caesarean section (剖腹产手术 ) on Tuesday at Virginia Hospital Center. The baby was two months premature and weighed about a kilogram. She was in the newborn intensive care unit. Dr Donna Tilden-Archer, the hospitals director of neonatology (新生儿学
32、 ), described the child as “very vigorous.“ She said the baby had responded when she received stimulation, indicating she was healthy, Doctors removed Torres from life support early Wednesday with the consent of her husband, Jason Torres, after she received the final sacrament (圣礼 ) of the Roman Cat
33、holic Church. “We thank all of those who prayed and provided support for Susan, the baby and our family,“ Jason Torres said in a statement. “We especially thank God for giving us little Susan. My wifes courage will never be forgotten.“ English-language medical literature contains at least 11 cases s
34、ince 1979 of irreversibly brain-damaged women whose lives were prolonged for the benefit of the developing foetus, according to the University of Connecticut Health Center. Dr Christopher McManus, who coordinated care for Susan Torres, put the infants chances of developing cancer at less than 25 per
35、 cent. He said 19 women who have had the same aggressive form of melanoma as Torres have given birth, and five of their babies became iii with the disease. 27 Susan Torres died soon after （ A） she suffered a stroke. （ B） she became brain-dead. （ C） she was diagnosed with cancer. （ D） she gave birth
36、to a baby. 28 The pregnancy was stopped because （ A） the foetus was found seriously iii. （ B） the risks outweighed the benefits. （ C） there was no hope to rescue the foetus. （ D） the Torres family couldnt afford the expenses any more. 29 Which is NOT true of the baby? （ A） She was born of a dead mot
37、her. （ B） She was two months premature. （ C） She weighed about a kilogram. （ D） She was healthy. 30 Susan Torres had been put on life support so （ A） she could live comfortably. （ B） she could see her baby. （ C） she could die without pain. （ D） she could deliver her baby. 31 The babys chances of dev
38、eloping cancer were said to be （ A） about 11 per cent. （ B） around 19 per cent. （ C） less than 25 per cent. （ D） close to 5 per cent. 31 Common-cold Sense You cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being
39、 cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have
40、 more colds than adults an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Bein
41、g infected by one makes you immune to it but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another persons hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails
42、of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what wor
43、ks when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey) , lemon, and water have real benefits. 32 According to the essay,
44、you may have a cold because_. （ A） it is caused by the cold winter weather （ B） the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected （ C） because another persons coughing passes the cold to you （ D） because you wash your hands too often 33 The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is_. （ A） to kee
45、p yourself clean （ B） to use a disinfectant soap （ C） to take two aspirin pills every day （ D） to drink lots of water 34 Children have more colds because_. （ A） they are usually infected about eight times each year （ B） they are not immune to many cold viruses （ C） they never wash their hands so tha
46、t their thumbnails are dirty （ D） they dont like eating lemon 35 When you are having a cold, _. （ A） it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time （ B） it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time （ C） it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time （ D） it is
47、probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time 36 When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT_. （ A） coughing （ B） having a sore throat （ C） having a runny nose （ D） having a stomachache 36 Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much? Earlier this year, the American College of Sur
48、geons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don
49、t necessarily look for information that would address their concerns. In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配 ) the knife. And many patie
