1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Have you talked to her lately? （ A） lastly （ B） finally （ C） shortly （ D） recently 2 While we dont agree, we continue to be friends. （ A） Because （ B） Where （ C） Although （ D） Whatever 3 You s
2、hould take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. （ A） thought （ B） account （ C） mind （ D） brain 4 You must shine your shoes. （ A） polish （ B） clear （ C） wash （ D） mend 5 The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. （ A） secrets （ B） details （ C） benefits
3、（ D） words 6 The land crab a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to breed. （ A） die （ B） swim （ C） mate （ D） hatch 7 Continuous short buzzes on the telephone indicate that the line is busy after you dial the telephone number. （ A） open （ B） out of order （ C） dise
4、ngaged （ D） in use 8 Dont hazard your reputation by supporting his joint venture with the gay from Los Angels. （ A） adventure （ B） risk （ C） threaten （ D） venture 9 We are restricted to a speed of 30 miles an hour in built-up areas. （ A） deprived （ B） forbidden （ C） required （ D） limited 10 The comp
5、any recommended that a new petrol station be built here. （ A） demanded （ B） suggested （ C） insisted （ D） ordered 11 She could fix machine without referring to the instructions. （ A） observing （ B） learning （ C） consulting （ D） understanding 12 She shows little regard for the feelings of others and d
6、oes exactly what she wants to. （ A） feeling （ B） love （ C） consideration （ D） sense 13 He confesses that he has done it. （ A） agrees （ B） alleges （ C） admits （ D） answers 14 He lacked the strength to deal with all these problems. （ A） think of （ B） talk about （ C） copy down （ D） cope with 15 He purc
7、hased a ticket and went up on the top deck. （ A） bought （ B） took （ C） showed （ D） made 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该 句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 First Self Contained Heart Implanted A patient on the brink of death has received the
8、 worlds first self-contained artificial heart a battery powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest. Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at
9、Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive“ Tuesday and resting comfortably. It refused to release personal details. The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the perso
10、ns life by only a month. But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patients quality of life. The new pump, called Abio Cor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The
11、most famous of those, the Jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine. “I think its potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development, “ said Dr. David Faxon, president of the American Heart Association. However, he s
12、aid the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated. “ Only about half of the 4, 200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died.
13、 Some doctors, including Robert Higgins, chairman of cardiology at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts. “A donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years, “ he said. “Its going to be hard to replace that with a machine. “
14、 The Abil Cor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the bodys needs. It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. 16 The pump of the first implanted self-contained heart was made of titanium
15、and plastic. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The patients life was expected to last several years longer by implanting the artificial heart. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 There is no difference in structure between the self-contained heart and the mechanical heart. （ A） Rig
16、ht （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The American Heart Association recommended widely using the self-contained heart. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Dr. David Faxon believed that the implantable, permanent artificial heart will certainly be developed in the future. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
17、 （ C） Not mentioned 21 Approximately two thousand one hundred patients received heart implantation in America last year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Some doctors doubt the possibility of donor hearts being replaced by artificial ones. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与
18、完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Old Man Myths and Realities 1. When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, its when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly
19、blunt(生硬的 )method of decision making. As life expectancy(预期寿命 )increases, retirement planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago. 2. Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young
20、-old, that is ages 70-75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation. 3. Although men are living longer, there are still more old women
21、 than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc, but thats really about all we know. 4
22、. It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger. A.
23、 New Definitions of the Old Man B. Changing Concept of the Old Man C. Health of the old Man D. Happy Old Man And Sad Old Man E. Limited Knowledge of the Old Mans Experiences F. Contempt for the Old Man 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 26 A. in good health B. in the pa
24、st C. in the wrong D. the old man E. a middle-aged man F. a young man 27 Nowadays men generally live longer than_. 28 A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_. 29 More research should be done on the experiences of_. 30 Most old men consider themselves to be_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文
25、后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 A Gay Biologist Molecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down
26、 steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter of factly gay. What is it that makes Hamer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyones personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in
27、the field of molecular psychology, Hamer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions. That work, which has appeared m
28、ostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hamers creative new book, Living with Our Genes. “You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality. “ Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the
29、shape of your nose or the size of your feet. “ Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Nort
30、hwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orien
31、tation. Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realiz
32、ed he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. “Frankly, I was bored, “ he remembers, “and ready for something new. “ Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. “Im gay, “ H
33、amer says with a shrug, “but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research. “ 31 The first paragraph describes Hamers_. （ A） looks, hobbies and character （ B） viewpoint on homosexuality （ C） unique l
34、ife-style （ D） scientific research work 32 Hamer was a_. （ A） psychiatrist （ B） physiologist （ C） chemist （ D） biologist 33 What is Hamer doing now? （ A） He is exploring the role of genes in deciding ones intelligence. （ B） He is exploring the role of genes in deciding ones personality. （ C） He is w
35、riting a book entitled “Live with Our Genes. “ （ D） He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper. 34 What happened to Hamers research interest? （ A） He turned to basic research. （ B） He sticked to basic research. （ C） He turned to behavioral genetics. （ D） He sticked to behavioral genetics.
36、 35 According to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject? （ A） He is a gay and he wants to cure himself. （ B） He was curious about it as a scientist. （ C） He was curious about it like everyone else. （ D） It is a subject that can lead to p
37、olitical success. 35 DNA Fingerprinting DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings(as in identical twins), the complete DNA of each individual is
38、 unique. DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the seg
39、ments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person. DNA fingerprinting was first
40、developed as all identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminal investigations,
41、DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas: the acc
42、uracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique. The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First, because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted“: a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research
43、 to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to
44、false results. DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence. Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA finger
45、print database 36 According to the essay, we can find chromosomes_. （ A） in a fish （ B） in a tree （ C） in a sheep （ D） in a rock 37 DNA fingerprinting is more often used for_. （ A） obtaining samples of chromosomes （ B） providing evidence in court investigations （ C） proving the horse to be a mammal
46、（ D） printing books about biology 38 When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may be_. （ A） exactly like his （ B） totally different from his （ C） unique （ D） lost 39 Some people believe that using a DNA fingerprint may not be so reliable because_. （ A） the accuracy of DNA fingerpr
47、inting has been challenged （ B） no private laboratory follows uniform testing standards or quality controls （ C） mistakes are possible when researchers explain the results of their tests （ D） suspects may not have enough money to provide their own DNA to law-courts 40 This essay talks about DNA fing
48、erprinting concerning the following aspects EXCEPT_. （ A） legal application of the method （ B） the way to obtain a DNA sample （ C） work yet to be done about DNA fingerprinting （ D） possible danger in drawing a DNA sample from the human body 40 Mysterious Nazca Drawings One of the most mysterious arc
49、haeological spectacles in the world is the immense complex of geometrical symbols, giant ground-drawings of birds and animals, and hundreds of long, ruler-straight lines , some right across mountains, which stretch over 1, 200 square miles of the Peruvian tablelands, at Nazca. Nazca was first revealed to modern eyes in 1926 when three explorers looked down on the desert from a hillside at dusk and briefly saw a Nazca line highlighted b
