1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was a puzzle. （ A） girl （ B） woman （ C） problem （ D） mystery 2 Her speciality is heart surgery. （ A） region （ B） site （ C） field （ D） platform 3 France has kept intimate links with its form
2、er African territories. （ A） friendly （ B） private （ C） strong （ D） secret 4 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. （ A） spread （ B） mixed （ C） beaten （ D） covered 5 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） smash
3、ed （ D） changed 6 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. （ A） posted （ B） sent （ C） given （ D） handed 7 The change in that village was miraculous. （ A） conservative （ B） amazing （ C） insignificant （ D） unforgettable 8 Customers often defer payment for as long as possible
4、. （ A） make （ B） demand （ C） postpone （ D） obtain 9 Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year. （ A） ban （ B） remove （ C） eliminate （ D） expel 10 She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset. （ A） declares （ B） asserts （ C） describes （ D） announces 11 From my standpoint,
5、 this thing is just ridiculous. （ A） field （ B） point of view （ C） knowledge （ D） information 12 The latest census is encouraging. （ A） statement （ B） assessment （ C） evaluation （ D） count 13 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） different （ B） proud （ C） uncomfo
6、rtable （ D） unconscious 14 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eliqible to apply for it. （ A） able （ B） fortunate （ C） qualified （ D） competent 15 He was elevated to the post of prime minister. （ A） pulled （ B） promoted （ C） lifted （ D） treated 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句
7、子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Tanning Parlors Take Heat People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing Common types of skin cancer, according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start
8、at a young age. The study, appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the US National Cancer Institute, concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more likely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices. The study confirmed what doctors
9、have long suspected-that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, said Margaret R. Karagas, first author of the study. Either going to the tanning parlor, or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin, said Dr. James Spencer, vice chairman of the
10、 department of dermatology at Mount Hospital, but the small day-to-day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run. Joseph A. Levy, vice president of the International Smart Tan Network, however, said occasional sunburn “is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is wha
11、t the tanning industry is trying to stop. In the study, Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer. They talked to 540 control subjects who did not have either type of skin cancer. About 1 million Americans are diagnosed annually
12、 with skin cancer. Among those skin cancer patients, about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer, 16 percent, with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent with melanoma-the most serious form of skin cancers. Back to the interviewed patients, 190 reported that they had used tanning devices at so
13、me time. In the control groups, only 75 had used such devices. Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices. For basal cell cancer, the risk was 1.5 times greater. T
14、he risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20, said Karagas. For this group, the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater. 16 The passage confirms that using tanning equipm
15、ent is harmful to ones health. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19
16、Karagas reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment 20 Doctor James Spencers argument implies that in the long run, getting all infrequent sunburn is worse than the sma
17、ll day-to-day exposure. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment 21 The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers, of which squamous cell skin cancer is the most dangerous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not ment 22 It is implied in Mr. Levys argument(Paragraph 5) that frequent exposure to sun lamps is sa
18、fe. （ A） right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Caring for the Old The old do not have to look exclusively to the past. Relieved of some of lifes responsibilities and f
19、ortified by many years of experience and knowledge, they may have a much better idea of how to spend their time enjoyably than they did in their youth. And not all enjoyment is restricted to the mental or philosophical. Healthy physical activity remains quite possible for most of us well into our la
20、ter years. Old people sometimes display surprising freedom and forthrightness in the expression of their thoughts and feelings, and an ability to transmit affection. It is as though some of the rituals which constrict us in earlier life fall away. But a higher percentage of people suffer from emotio
21、nal distress in old age than at any other time in adult life, and the gap between need and care is often filled by dubious measures, such as heavy-handed prescription of medicine. For many years it was assumed that old people were not appropriate candidates for psychotherapy. But a few clinicians ha
22、ve risen to the challenge and discovered that individual and group psychotherapy is just as effective with the old as with the young. It is easy to understand why an earthquake causes terror. Yet in old age there may be terror of a very private nature, a sense of disintegration sometimes stemming fr
23、om inner conflicts, sometimes from a premonition of death or the fear of becoming dependent. Dependency is a grim choice: insecurity and deprivation must be weighed against loss of autonomy and integrity. But if there is nothing shameful about the dependency of a baby or a young child, there should
24、be nothing shameful about the dependencies natural with old age and diminishing physical resources. The complexity and impersonality of the bureaucratic establishments, which have the means to provide help, are often threatening to old people. The younger generation today, on the other hand, will ha
25、ve had many decades to interact with “the system“ by the time they reach old age. Many of us, including healthcare providers, assume that we know what old people and dying people want, but our assumptions are often a reflections of our won thoughts and feelings based on personal interpretations of s
26、canty bits of observation. Such assumptions are really an excuse to avoid close contact with the terminally ill. Assuming we “know“ what they want, we observe ourselves from being with them, and sharing their thoughts about the end of life. We sometimes assume, wrongly, that old people are too confu
27、sed or senile to be aware of the nearness of death. In consequence, communication between a dying and others is subject to extraordinary omissions and distortions. “Protecting“ the dying from knowledge of their condition often serves to protect us from the uncomfortable prospect of talking about dyi
28、ng and death. Evasions like this only lead to increasing isolation at a time when emotional honesty and understanding are most needed. 23 A. Knowing better how to enjoy life B. Freedom in expression C. Psychotherapy effective with some of the old D. Period of greater emotional distress E. Dependency
29、: a grim choiceF. Guiltiness: dependency 23 paragraph 1 _. 24 paragraph 2 _. 25 paragraph 3 _. 26 paragraph 5 _. 27 A. how to show love to others B. how to show anger to others C. yet we know we are wrong D. various kinds of sports E. but we are often wrongF. that old people depend on others 27 Old
30、people may well be active in _. 28 Old people sometimes know better _. 29 It is a natural thing _. 30 We often think that we know the feeling of a dying person, _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 The Gene Industry Major companies and already in pursuit of comme
31、rcial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace meta
32、ls from ocean water“. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, bu
33、t of “microbe spills“ that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination. Shou
34、ld we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-lin
35、e workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior“ people and breed a“ super-race“? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic foreca
36、sting to pre-eliminate “unfit“ babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank“ full of spare kidney, livers or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking c
37、ommercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technol
38、ogies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.“ 31 According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by_. （ A） using metal-hungry microbes （ B） making use of
39、 enzymes （ C） adjusting the engine （ D） patenting new life forms 32 According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most? （ A） The unanticipated explosion of population. （ B） The creation of biological solar cells. （ C） The accidental spill of oil. （ D） The unexpected re
40、lease of destructive microbes. 33 Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned? （ A） Developing a “savings bank“ of ones organs. （ B） Breeding soldiers for a war. （ C） Producing people with cow-like stomachs. （ D） Using genetic forecasting to Cure diseases. 34 According to the passage, Hitler att
41、empted to_. （ A） changed the pilots biologically to win the war （ B） develop genetic farming for food supply （ C） kill the people he thought of as inferior （ D） encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war 35 What does Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howards statement imply? （ A） The commercial ap
42、plications of genetic engineering are inevitable. （ B） American will depend on other countries for biological progress. （ C） Americans are proud of their countries for biological progress. （ D） The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled. 36 Crystal Ear One day a frien
43、d asked my wife Jill if I wanted a heating aid. “He certainly does. “replied Jill. After heating about a remarkable new product. Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if Id ever thought about getting a heating aid. “No way,“ I said. “It would make me look 20 years older.“ “No, no,“ she replied. “T
44、his is entirely different. Its Crystal Ear!“ Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different-not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid, but all advanced personal sound system so small that its like contacts(隐形眼镜 ) for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sou
45、nds your ears have been missing for years. Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure and natural. I couldnt believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and its almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and
46、 its ready-to-wear mold(形状 ) fits comfortably. Since its not too loud or too tight, you may even forget that youre wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations, use Crystal Ear only when you need it. Heating loss, which occurs typically prior to t
47、eenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering heating loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office v
48、isits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the “sound solution“ is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off (下降 ), can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superio
49、r design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their heating loss with a small hearing amplifier (放大器 ). 36 Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because _. （ A） it would make him look old （ B） it would make him nervous （ C） it was too expensive （ D） it was old-styled 37 Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear? （ A） It is highly sen
