1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. （ A） take out （ B） break off （ C） push in （ D） dig up 2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September. （ A） play （ B） show （ C
2、） send （ D） tell 3 This table is strong and durable. （ A） long-lasting （ B） extensive （ C） far-reaching （ D） eternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired. （ A） fired （ B） resigned （ C） died （ D） retreated 5 The girl is gazina at herself in the mirror. （ A） smiling （ B） laughing （ C） sho
3、uting （ D） staring 6 The index is the governments chief gauae of future economic activity. （ A） measure （ B） opinion （ C） method （ D） decision 7 Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first. （ A） workable （ B） reasonable （ C） possible （ D） available 8 A lot of people could fall iii
4、after drinking contaminated water. （ A） boiled （ B） polluted （ C） mixed （ D） sweetened 9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position. （ A） maintain （ B） better （ C） acquire （ D） support 10 She stood there, trembling with fear. （ A） jumping （ B） crying （ C） moving （ D） shaking 11 Medi
5、cal facilities are being upgraded. （ A） expanded （ B） repaired （ C） improved （ D） transferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous. （ A） interesting （ B） dangerous （ C） attractive （ D） useful 13 John is eligible for this job. （ A） accepted （ B） qualified （ C） rejected （ D） recommended 14 In order to improv
6、e our standard of living, we have to accelerate production. （ A） involve （ B） decrease （ C） speed up （ D） give up 15 Mary looked pale and weary. （ A） worried （ B） ugly （ C） silly （ D） exhausted 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每 题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该
7、句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷 ) virus (HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect abi
8、lity to avoid the bodys immune (免疫的 ) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer. A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and
9、 has started negotiations with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗 ) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV techni
10、que would have “far wider applications“. The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking“ but
11、the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学 ) have led gene therapy scientists to try and
12、replace the genes that do not function normally. Unfortunately, the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. The HIV virus has the
13、 ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies. 16 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans. （ A） Right （ B） Wro
14、ng （ C） Not mentioned 17 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The HIV virus is an excellent wa
15、rrior to fight the bodys immune cells. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer
16、. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与 完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Breaking the New
17、s about Your Diagnosis 1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago, I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time, however, I developed some pointers (点子 ), which I hope will help others. 2 During the first few weeks of emotional “aftershocks“ (余悸 ) from the diagnosis, I fou
18、nd myself unable to utter the word “cancer“. Still, I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that Id had a biopsy (活检 ) and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could, which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them, I said, “W
19、hat we feared has happened.“ They immediately knew what I meant. 3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people “1 was diagnosed with cancer“ instead of saying “1 have cancer.“ On some deep level, I dont want to “own“ this illness. Choose language that suits you wh
20、en you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one “right“ way of doing this. 4 Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step. They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy (化疗 ). They may wonder where and when you will
21、 have surgery. Answer their questions as best you can, but keep in mind that “1 dont know right now“ or Tm still in too much shock to think about that“ are good answers. 5 Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Dont overwhelm (使不知所措 ) very
22、 young children with too much information. Assure them that, even if you will be in the hospital for a while, they will see you every day and they will be cared for, Older children may already fear the word “cancer“, so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be
23、taking to treat your illness. 23 A Break the news as calmly as possible to children B Break the news at your own pace C Share the good news with your friends D Choose language that suits you E Follow your doctors adviceF Be prepared for peoples curiosity 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph
24、4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 27 A your own choice of words B the word “cancer“ C the positive steps D about the next step E on too many answersF with too much information 27 You can break the news about your diagnosis without saying_. 28 When breaking the news about your diagnosis, you can have_. 29 After hea
25、ring about your diagnosis, people will ask questions_. 30 Very young children wont feel comfortable_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “
26、attachment“ period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, an
27、d many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies
28、, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carded out
29、, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens d
30、evelopment. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20
31、 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost al
32、l children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants. 31 Which of the following state
33、ments would Bowlby support? （ A） The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personality. （ B） Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. （ C） Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for
34、 children at the age of three or older. （ D） Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three. 32 Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work? （ A） Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a childs personali
35、ty. （ B） Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs development. （ C） A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life. （ D） Mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are three years or older. 33 It is suggested
36、 that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that （ A） mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies （ B） a child more often grows up with his / her brothers or sisters in traditional societies （ C） the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in m
37、odem societies （ D） children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years 34 Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory? （ A） Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development. （ B） Parents find the immediat
38、e effects of early day care difficult to deal with. （ C） Separation from parents for very young children is common in some traditional societies. （ D） Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldnt be so many nursery schools. 35 Which of the following best expresses the writers attitude towards early day
39、 care? （ A） Children fewer than three should stay with heir parents. （ B） Early day care has positive effects on childrens development. （ C） The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue. （ D） The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the
40、 use of statistics. 36 Electronic Mail During the past few years, scientist the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding-writing, any kind of writing but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mails surprisingly high s
41、peed, convenience and economy, people who never before touched the stuff are regularly, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence. Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant counties, shared d
42、ata, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected dom
43、estic and foreign routes known collectively as the internet, or net. E-mail is staring to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail, and of course, land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in par because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while t
44、heir colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speeding discoveries, it is certainly accelerating communication. Jeremy Bernstei, the physicist and science writer, once called E-mail the physicists umbilical cord. Lately other people, too, have been discove
45、ring its connective virtues. Physicists are using it; college students are using it, everybody is using it, and as a sign that it has come of age, the New Yorker has accelerates its liberating presence with a cartoon-an appreciative dog seated at a keyboard, saying happily, “On the Internet, nobody
46、knows youre a dog.“ 36 The reasons given below about the popularity of E-mail can be found in the passage except_ （ A） direct and reliable （ B） time-saving in delivery （ C） money-saving （ D） available at any time 37 How is the internet or net explained in the passage? （ A） Electronic routes used to
47、read home and international journals. （ B） Electronic routes used to fax or correspond overnight. （ C） Electronic routes waiting for correspondence while one is sleeping. （ D） Electronic routes connected among millions of users, home and abroad. 38 What does the sentence “If it is not speeding disco
48、veries, it is certainly accelerating communication“ most probably mean? （ A） The quick speed of correspondence may have ill-effects on discoveries. （ B） Although it does not speed up correspondence, it helps make discoveries. （ C） It quickens mutual communication even if it does not accelerate disco
49、veries. （ D） It shrinks time for communication and accelerates discoveries. 39 What does the sentence “On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog.“ imply in the last paragraph? （ A） Even dogs are interested in the computer. （ B） E-mail has become very popular. （ C） Dogs are liberated from their usual duties. （ D） E-mail deprives dogs of their owners love. 40 What will happen to fax, land mail, overnight mail, etc. according
