1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The old lady let her flat to an English couple. （ A） offered （ B） provided （ C） rented （ D） sold 2 The sun encourages the growth of plants. （ A） inspires （ B） helps （ C） stimulates （ D） stirs
2、3 Jane didnt like our plan, so she countered it. （ A） answered （ B） opposed （ C） rejected （ D） replaced 4 Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading of matter caused by the random movement of molecules. （ A） pattern1ess （ B） whirling （ C） constant （ D） rampant 5 The criminal gave us a long chase before
3、we caught him. （ A） trial （ B） pursing （ C） pursuit （ D） running 6 Your hair is so tangled that it looks as if it has not been combed for a month. （ A） mix up （ B） moisturizing （ C） disordered （ D） settle 7 Her judgement is warped, biased because of possible advantage for herself. （ A） capable （ B）
4、reasonable （ C） twisted （ D） obvious 8 He refused to accept the job for various reasons. （ A） all kinds of （ B） embarrassed （ C） difficult （ D） varied 9 Five years ago he was a fabulously wealthy man, but now he was penniless. （ A） incredibly （ B） marvelous （ C） moderately （ D） necessarily 10 He has
5、 luxurious habits of throwing money about like dirt. （ A） extreme （ B） extravagant （ C） extricate （ D） extraordinary 11 When apprentices in colonial America satisfactorily completed their training periods each received two sets of apparel as a graduation gift. （ A） clothes （ B） credentials （ C） wage
6、s （ D） tools 12 Mrs. Smith looked puzzled about what her husband said just now. （ A） excited （ B） confused （ C） conquered （ D） consented 13 He had merely come out for a stroll. （ A） walk （ B） running （ C） looking （ D） pleasure 14 We entertained the guests with a detailed description of the party. （
7、A） treated （ B） amused （ C） ensured （ D） provided 15 Charles Goodyears discovery of vulcanized rubber began when he inadvertently spilled a mixture of rubber and sulfur on a hot stove. （ A） experimentally （ B） unceasingly （ C） incompetently （ D） accidentally 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了
8、7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Because headaches are a part of almost all of our lives, people with chronic headaches sometimes dont realize that they may need to see a doctor. They tend to believe, incorrectly, that their headaches are like ever
9、yone elses and they will only be “bothering(打扰，麻烦 )“ the doctor. “When should somebody seek medical help for headaches? neurologist Seymour Diamond asks rhetorically (提出问题进行探讨 ). Generally, whenever headaches are associated with neurological signs, such as dizziness(头昏，头晕 ), weakness in a limb or li
10、mbs, vision impairment of any sort including seeing flashing lights they warrant(应受 ) immediate attention. Additionally, Diamond says that you should seek medical attention: If you suffer from almost daily headaches; If the headache is a type youve never had before, or there has been a change in the
11、 character(特征 ) of the headache; If youre losing time from work or activities, or otherwise being prevented from functioning. Even if your headaches are less dramatic than those described here, if they are a re- al problem to you, you should seek help. It may be that your doctor will be unable to fi
12、nd a physical cause for your discomfort, but that may point you in other directions to find relief. Some headaches, particularly those caused by tension, have a major psycho- logical component that might be relieved through counseling (走向，指导 ). 16 People with chronic headaches never realize that the
13、y need to see a doctor. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Headaches have become increasingly difficult to treat. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 They tend to believe that they will not be welcomed by the doctor if they go to see him. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19
14、Headaches are never associated with dizziness and weakness in a limb or limbs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 If you suffer from almost daily headaches, you should seek medical attention. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 If there is a change in the character of the headache,
15、you should not go to see a doctor. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Any drug that combats the headaches is a great step forward. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每
16、个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease, deformities, or injuries by operations. The doctor who performs the operation is called a surgeon. Every physician has some training in surgery and is qualified to perform simple operations. But surgeons are
17、specially trained so that they have the judgment and skill to perform complicated operations. 2. Modern surgery stresses accurate diagnosis of the disease and proper care of the patient before and after the operation. Thus, the surgeon not only needs to know how to perform an operation, but also mus
18、t have a wide knowledge of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and pathology. Five to eight years of training after medical school are necessary for physicians to qualify as surgeons. 3. A surgical operation is complicated.Many people, medicines, equipment, and techniques help assure the greatest possib
19、le safety and comfort for the patient. The elimination of pain, the prevention of infection, and advanced means of diagnosis are all part of modern surgery. A qualified surgical team is essential to the success of both the operation and the patient s recovery. This team usually consists of a surgeon
20、, at least one assistant, an anesthesiologist, and one or more nurses. 4. A surgeon uses many instruments in the course of an operation. These instruments include holders for needles and sponges, clamps to close off blood vessels, and retractors to hold back folds of skin. Sharp instruments include
21、scissors and scalpels. Since the 1970 s, lasers have been used to make delicate cuts in body tissues. Doctors use the high- energy light of the laser to cut tissue by burning fine lines in the skin or other organs. 5. A surgeon can remove a long section of diseased intestine and sew the remaining in
22、testinal sections together. The body will function normally after the operation. A kidney, or even a major part of the stomach, can be removed by an operation. In heart surgery, a doctor may replace one of the heart valves with an artificial one. Extensive surgery on the lungs and ribs is often part
23、 of the treatment of cancer. Sometimes an en- tire diseased lung is removed.A neurosurgeon can remove brain tumors and repair head injuries. Transplanting organs involves taking a healthy organ from one person and using it to replace the diseased organ in another person. The kidney is a commonly tra
24、nsplant- ed organ. The transplanted tissue must closely match that of the patient, or the patient s body will reject the new organ. 6. In microsurgery, the surgeon operates while viewing the procedure through a microscope or magnifying glass. This technique enables physicians to perform operations o
25、n some of the tiniest body structures. For example, surgeons can rejoin extremely small blood vessels and nerves by using this technique. Such surgery has led to the successful reattachment of severed fingers, hands, and even arms and legs. Doctors also use micro- surgery to operate on the delicate
26、structures in the eye, the kidney, the brain, and many other parts of the body. 23 A. Modern techniques enable the surgeon to operate successfully upon all parts of the human body B. Surgeons are especially trained so that they are skill- fully qualified for the performance of complicated operations
27、 C. An entire stomach can not be removed even in modem surgery D. The various mechanical instruments used in the course of a surgical operation E. For a physician requires eight years of training in a medical school F. The elimination of pain, the prevention of infection, and advanced means, of diag
28、nosis are prerequisites to the success of an operation 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. sewn in modern surgery B. they can perform more complicated operations C. the patient that in transplanted D. before and after the operation E. disease, deformities, or in
29、juries by operations F. the study of body structure 27 Surgeons differ form physicians in that 28 A surgeon is a doctor who treats 29 Modern surgery calls for accurate diagnosis and proper care of the patient 30 A long section of diseased intestine can be removed and the remaining intestinal sec- ti
30、ons 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Last Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks being set off in his neighborhood.Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye, im
31、mediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury. June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month
32、, and through its Eye Smart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. “There is nothing worse than a Fourth of July celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye with a bottle rocket,“ said Dr. Johnc.Hagan, clinical corresponde
33、nt for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. “A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fire- works while you enjoy the show.“ According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks related injuries happen each
34、 year. Of these, nearly half are head-related in- juries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in permanent vision loss or blindness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting
35、 for 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks. Even fireworks that many people consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers a
36、ccount for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. 31 What happened to Pete last Fourth of July? （ A） He was burned in a house fire. （ B） He was caught in a rain. （ C） He was injured in a fight. （ D） He was hit in the eye. 32 The American Academy of
37、 Ophthalmology calls on consumers to_. （ A） celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks （ B） leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations （ C） stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether （ D） set off fireworks together with trained professionals 33 How many fireworks eye injuries occur
38、in the US each year? （ A） About 9,000 （ B） About 4,500 （ C） About 1,350 （ D） About 30 34 Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） blindness （ B） permanent vision loss （ C） glaucoma and cataracts （ D） head-related injuries 35 Which is NOT true of sparklers? （ A） They a
39、re harmless to children. （ B） They are considered safe by many people. （ C） They are a threat to the eyes. （ D） They can burn at very high degrees. 36 Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that “hungry nations are b
40、enefiting from advances made by the poultry(家禽 ) industry“. In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition(营养不良 ) in “hungry nations“, the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem. Large-scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources. Th
41、is is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matte than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal s process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the case of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head.In a
42、ll, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat. This means one has to feed approximately 9 10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of l
43、ife. Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved.For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britains largest supplier
44、s of chickens, Ross Breeder, are also involved in projects all over the world. Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost double
45、d the number of poultry kept in the country all at once. But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed.Such chicken-raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential f
46、amine- relief protein food.At present, one of Bangladesh s main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken? 36 In this passage the author argues that_。 （ A） efficiency must be raised in the poultry
47、 industry （ B） raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain （ C） factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries （ D） hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry 37 According to the author, in factory, vegetable food_。 （ A） is easy for c
48、hickens to digest （ B） is insufficient for the needs of poultry （ C） is fully utilized in meat and egg production （ D） is inefficiently converted into meat and eggs 38 Western governments encourage the poultry in Asia because they regard it as au effective way to_。 （ A） boost their own exports （ B）
49、alleviate malnutrition in Asian countries （ C） create job opportunities in Asian countries （ D） promote the exports of Asian countries 39 It is claimed that the factory farming industry is aimed at_。 （ A） developing the agriculture in the poor nations （ B） help solve the problem of malnutrition （ C） experimenting with a new method to raise chickens （ D） gaining profits for the developed nations 40 What the last paragraph tells us is the authors_。 （ A） detailed analysis of the ways of raising poult
