1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 These are their motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） excuses （ C） answers （ D） plans 2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. （ A） twists （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D）
2、 bends 3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. （ A） abuse （ B） flavor （ C） temptation （ D） consumption 4 These programmes are of immense value to old people. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. （ A） maintain （ B） improve （ C） assess
3、（ D） protect 6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article. （ A） cooperating （ B） competing （ C） combining （ D） arguing 7 He is determined to consolidate his power. （ A） strengthen （ B） control （ C） abandon （ D） exercise 8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. （ A） solv
4、ing （ B） exploring （ C） settling （ D） handling 9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （ D） relieved 10 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory. （ A） functions （ B） motions （ C） faults （ D） parts 11 The
5、 food is insufficient for three people. （ A） instant （ B） infinite （ C） inexpensive （ D） inadequate 12 Thousands of people perished in the storm. （ A） died （ B） suffered （ C） floated （ D） scattered 13 But in the end he approved of our proposal. （ A） undoubtedly （ B） certainly （ C） ultimately （ D） ne
6、cessarily 14 For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business. （ A） strange （ B） complex （ C） personal （ D） funny 15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. （ A） evaluation （ B） efficiency （ C） production （ D） publicity 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下
7、面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old.They can recogni
8、ze a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the firs
9、t days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like “oo“, another like “ee“ and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG (脑电图 ) recording of the infants brains before and after
10、the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened
11、to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was chang
12、ed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off“ their cerebral cortex(大脑皮层 )while they sleep. The skill pr
13、obably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds. So forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to b
14、abies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. 16 Babies can learn even in their sleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 An infant can recognize a lot of sounds by the time he or she is a year old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Finnish vowels are easy to distinguis
15、h. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study shows that the infants cerebral cortex stops working while he is asleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Cheours has fou
16、nd how babies accomplish this nighttime learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Cheours finding can help babies learn language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中
17、 为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 1.Tranquilizers calm a person by acting on the nervous system. They belong to a group of drugs called anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs. Such drugs formerly were referred to as depressants. 2. There are two types of tranquilizers-anti-psychotic drugs and anti-anxiety drugs. Anti-psy
18、chotic drugs are used to treat patients with severe mental illness psychose. Antianxiety drugs are used to treat various emotional problems, particularly anxiety. 3. Physicians prescribe anti-psychotic drugs to treat a mental illness that is characterized by illogical, unpredictable thinking. The dr
19、ugs reduce the confusion and excitement experienced by the patient. Anti-anxiety drugs relax the muscles and reduce tension. They are prescribed mainly for the treatment of anxiety. Physicians also use anti-anxiety drugs to calm children who must undergo surgery. 4 .Tranquilizers calm a person witho
20、ut causing much drowsiness if taken in a small enough dose. Larger doses may make the user sleepy as well as calmer. However, even the use of mild tranquilizers over a long period of time may make the user dependent on these drugs. Besides, some tranquilizers have undesirable side effects. They may
21、cause muscle weakness and general fatigue. In addition, tranquilizers may cause drowsiness, especially if a person drinks alcoholic beverages before or after taking the drugs. A per- son should not drive a motor vehicle for several hours after taking a tranquilizer. 5. Therefore, physicians usually
22、prescribe a small doze of tranquilizers at a time. Patients who suffer from insomnia have to visit physicians from time to time for the medicine. Drugstores do not sell tranquilizers to people without the physicians prescription. You must have heard of stories about individuals taking an excessive d
23、ose of tranquilizers to commit suicide. Tranquilizers must be taken in accordance with the physician s instructions. 23 A. The physicians instructions must be followed when tranquilizers are administered B. Physicians prescribe anti-psychotic drugs to treat patients who suffer illness of the mind C.
24、 Taking excessive tranquilizers is a sure way of commit- ting suicide D. Anti-psychotic drugs are sued to treat severe mental illnesses, antianxiety drugs various emotional problems. E. The various effects of tranquilizers F. Patients who suffer from insomnia must not take tranquilizers 23 Paragraph
25、 2_. 24 Paragraph 3_. 25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5_. 27 A. they can no longer obtain B. as depressants C. illogical and unpredictable thinking D. relax the muscles and reduce tension E. prescribe a small doze of tranquilizers at a time F. drug abuse 27 A typical symtom of a mental disease is_. 28
26、 Anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs were formerly refered to_. 29 Anti-anxiety drugs are used to_. 30 Because a large dose of the medicine may kill the taker, physicians usually 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 A study that will cost $ 3.2 billion and last more tha
27、n two decades to track the health of 100,000 U. S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday. Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the Uni
28、ted States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness. The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic an
29、d biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials said more than $ 200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $
30、3.2 billion. “We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs,“ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study
31、will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent
32、years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study. The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all in- come and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said. 31 The aim of the study is to find new ways to_. （ A） conduct research （ B） t
33、rack public health （ C） prevent or treat illness （ D） speed up development 32 Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） genetic samples from people in the study （ B） biological samples from people in the study （ C） samples from the homes of the women and their babies （ D） samples of a
34、ir and water from hospitals 33 It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs_. （ A） will be lowered in the long run （ B） will be significantly increased （ C） will be more than $ 200 million （ D） will reach $ 3.2 billion 34 The babies of the participants will be followed_. （ A）
35、throughout their lives （ B） for more than two decades （ C） from birth to 21 months （ D） until they get married 35 Which is NOT true of the people in the study? （ A） Theyll be from various areas. （ B） They 11 be from all income levels. （ C） Theyll be from all educational levels. （ D） Theyll be from a
36、ll age groups. 36 Speech therapists divide their cases into common and complex. An example of a complex case is a person suffering from aphasia.This is the loss of the ability to under- stand and/or use speech. There are many causes of aphasia, including partial brain dam- age that leaves the indivi
37、dual with the physical ability to speak. If the individual is able to speak but does not, the therapist must determine the cause of such conduct. Often, speech therapists determine that problems are emotional and refer the individuals with such problems to psychologists or psychiatrists trained to h
38、elp them. While a speech therapist is not trained to help persons with severe emotional disorders, the therapist does receive extensive training in such areas as anatomy(as it relates to speech, concentrating on the diaphragm, tongue, and palate), physics(particularly relating to sound), and languag
39、e and communications. Some therapists take classes in elementary psychology as well. The speech therapist must be able to diagnose the type and severity of the speech defect, then prescribe a series of treatments. While some people with severe handicaps receive individual instruction, most patients
40、are comfortable receiving group therapy with others who have the same problem. If a patient is found to have a physical handicap that is impeding his progress, he is sent to a doctor with whom the therapist works closely. Many therapists have a high success rate with their patients. No scientific st
41、udies have yet shown whether the intervention of the therapist was in fact the sole cause of the improvement of the patients, or whether time and maturity helped as well. A recent study has shown that persons who have not received speech therapy have often been “cured of their problems merely by bei
42、ng around others without the problem. However, that same study showed that those few persons who were not treated by therapists had extremely low self-esteem and considered themselves “ different“ and “retarded“. The therapists often are able to make the patients see that while they are different, t
43、he difference is not of their own making, that they have not done something wrong. Therapists try to reach children when they are very young, before they have had an opportunity to be teased by other children or made to feel they are “stupid“. Therapists often work with whole families, encouraging t
44、he parents and siblings to listen to the patients, taking the time to help them feel they are an important part of the family, not just brushing them off because the effort of interpreting their speech is too great or time-consuming. 36 Which of the following is not listed as a function of the speec
45、h therapist? （ A） To diagnose the nature and severity of the defect. （ B） To determine the cause of aphasia in children who are physically capable of speech. （ C） To give emotional support to a child, showing her that the defect is not fault of her own. （ D） To prescribe medication that will help th
46、e patient relax and use her speech muscles properly. 37 Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? （ A） Causes and Cures of Speech Defects （ B） Training Requirements for Speech Therapists （ C） The Duties of Speech Therapists （ D） The History of Speech Therapy 38 From the passag
47、e, you may infer that group therapy is given to the majority of people because_. （ A） it is cheaper （ B） it is less time-consuming （ C） it helps the patients feel they are not alone with their speech defects （ D） it helps the patients learn from the others 39 You may infer that the author feels that
48、 one of the primary benefits of speech therapy is that it_. （ A） cures the patients defect （ B） teaches the patient to live with the defect （ C） makes the public aware of the need for medical research （ D） helps the patient keep his self-respect 40 The passage states which of the following about aph
49、asia? （ A） It is symptomatic of mental retardation. （ B） It is often found in very young children. （ C） It is caused by physical damage to the brain, making the patient unable to speak. （ D） It is a complex speech defect. 41 In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. In the health care industry, however, the doctor-patient relation-
