1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Weve turned the smallest bedroom into a nursery which is bright and cheerful. （ A） colorful （ B） pleasant （ C） fashionable （ D） different 2 After the show, the crowd poured out of the theatre.
2、 （ A） streamed （ B） flowed （ C） flooded （ D） moved 3 Einsteins theory of relativity is so abstruse that very few people can appreciate it. （ A） understand （ B） enjoy （ C） raise the value of （ D） be thankful for 4 The Faraday effect was the first demonstration of a connection between magnetism and li
3、ght. （ A） questioning （ B） proof （ C） achievement （ D） symbol 5 All the children came through the cave safe and sound. （ A） safe and unharmed （ B） healthy （ C） frightened （ D） suffered 6 There is been competition between the two Motor car firms. （ A） cooperation （ B） contest （ C） dispute （ D） confer
4、ence 7 Salesmanship is the ability to sway people to willingly buy products or support new ideas. （ A） educate （ B） expect （ C） allow （ D） persuade 8 The employee was accused of stealing the money. （ A） charged with （ B） arrested （ C） convicted （ D） sentenced 9 He was faced with the harsh climate, w
5、hich, with the help of his fellow countrymen, he finally overcame it. （ A） watched （ B） met （ C） was opposed of （ D） confronted 10 The prices of the commodities are quite stable these years. （ A） things （ B） goods （ C） article （ D） wealth 11 The fire dance is the climax of the ceremony of the Navajo
6、 night chants. （ A） addition to （ B） high point in （ C） substitute for （ D） beginning of 12 I think you were wise to leave when you did. （ A） clever （ B） intelligent （ C） sensitive （ D） sensible 13 They wrote tales of princess and magic birds. （ A） plays （ B） legends （ C） stories （ D） novels 14 She
7、was really frightfully ugly. （ A） charming （ B） unpleasant to look at （ C） fearful （ D） astonished 15 They walked through the great forest. （ A） tree （ B） woods （ C） grassland （ D） meadow 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没
8、有提及，请选择 C。 16 An Observation and an Explanation It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Ca
9、reful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in
10、 the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanat
11、ion. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The
12、only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used t
13、o the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world.If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery
14、 that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right. 16 We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in t
15、heir left arm and keep the right arm free. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22 %. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on
16、their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 A baby held in the right arm of its mo
17、ther can be easily frightened. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arms than in the right arms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30
18、题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的 短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Screen Test 1 . Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be. treated successfully. Ac
19、cording to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. 2 . But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of in
20、ducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser. 3 . Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiat
21、ion, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. 4 . The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred
22、 by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers. 5 . The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia programme,
23、 they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. 6 . But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less r
24、adiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique“ for breast cancer screening. 7 . “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with c
25、aution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.“ 23 A. Risk of Screening to Younger Women B. Investigating the Effect of Scre
26、ening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Treatment of Cancers E. Minimizing of Radiation Exposure F. Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 7_ 27 A. be costly B. harmful C. be cured D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiatio
27、n triggering a Cancer F. reduced to the minimum 27 If discovered early, breast cancer may_. 28 Medical benefits of screening the younger women are_. 29 Advantages of screening women under 50 are_. 30 Radiation exposure should be_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 3
28、1 The Hammersmith Hospital in West London, home of the Royal Post-graduate Medical School has been the scene(发生地点 ) of many innovations in medicine. It is now home(中心地 ,根据地 ) to the most expensive and ambitious medical technology project ever in Britain, which this year will make the Hammersmith the
29、 worlds first fully digital hospital. The paper-free office brought about by computerization and modern information technology is familiar to(为 所熟悉 ) many office workers today. It has taken longer for the same technology to be applied to medical imaging(医学影像学 ), because of the immense computing powe
30、r and high cost o the equipment required. But now the Hammersmith is becoming the first hospital in which all imaging data- X-rays, ultrasonic ,CT and MRI images-are stored not on cumbersome, inflammable films but as digital data on optical discs. The first consequence of this can be seen in the air
31、-conditioned computer room in the new building, where two compact(坚实的 ,结实的 ) cabinets each about as tall as a man and 0.6m wide are ready to store every X-ray and scan made at the Hammersmith in the next 16 years on optical discs(光盘 ). Space saving is the most obvious but not the most important adva
32、ntage of the digital h6spital. A consultant conducting a clinic with a workstation linked by fibre optics(光纤 ) to the data store has no need of cumbersome trolleys loaded with patients X-rays. The new technology considerably reduces the exposure to ionizing (电离的 ) radiation needed to get pictures do
33、ctors need, corresponding to reducing the slight but inevitable health risk that come with repeated X-rays. X-rays record their images on fluorescent(荧光的 ) plates, lasers read off and store the data and the plates are wiped clean to use again. This requires less radiation than conventional(常规的 ) ima
34、ging. The ability to enhance imaging also reduces the need for extra exposures. Another advantage is that any stored image can be sent to any of the hospitals 138 workstations in four seconds(soon that will come down(降落 ) to two seconds). Soon it will be possible to send it direct to other hospitals
35、, or to computer screens in GPs(全科医生 ) clinics. PACS(图像存档通讯系统 ) is the most expensive single medical technology project ever funded in UK. Most of the money has come from the Department of Health, which has realized that it will benefit patients at the Hammersmith Hospital and those referred from el
36、sewhere, in terms of(按照 ) better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment. Another technique uses radio a belled(用放射性同位素示踪的 ) white blood cells to guide doctors to the sites of hidden abscesses(脓肿 ) or other trouble spots. In the most innovative technique of all, interventional(干预的 ,介入的 ) radiolog
37、y, doctors use tiny instruments at the ends of fine catheters(导管 ), inserted deep into the body under local anaesthetic, to perform a growing amount of microsurgery, viewed by surgeonsand patients if appropriate in extremely clear detail. Every scrap(碎片 ,段 ) of unwanted image is electronically edite
38、d off the screen by the computer. The Hammersmith Hospital is also pioneering interventional radiography, in which doctor carry out microsurgery at the same time as they image the patients organs in minute detail. The blocking or unblocking of arteries to prevent damage due to bleeding or thrombosis
39、(血栓形成 ) is among the conditions now being treated in this way. 31 The Hammersmith Hospital_. （ A） is located in the west of London （ B） takes the lead in medical innovations （ C） has more advanced and modern medical technology than any other hospital in Britain. （ D） all of the above 32 A “digital h
40、ospital “means_. （ A） diagnosis and treatment are conducted by computers. （ B） all imaging data are stored as digital data on optical discs. （ C） X-ray, ultrasonic, CT and MRI images are kept by the patients. （ D） all imaging data are stored on cumbersome, inflammable films. 33 At the Hammersmith Ho
41、spital,_. （ A） every patient must take a CT scan. （ B） space saving is the most important advantage. （ C） there is no need of storing patients X-rays on the films. （ D） all patients X-rays will be stored for 16 years. 34 Any stored image at the Hammersmith can be sent to_. （ A） any of the hospitals
42、workstations （ B） other hospitals （ C） computer screens in GPs clinics （ D） all of the above 35 What can you infer from the passage? （ A） Few hospitals have equipment as modern as the Hammersmith Hospital in the world. （ B） Digital hospitals are becoming popular in the world now. （ C） Japan and the
43、US are the most advanced countries in medicine. （ D） Better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment are what the researchers seek for. 36 The primary consideration in achieving a balanced diet is not how much or how little we eat, but what we eat. The body is a highly complex self-generator, that
44、 is to say, provided it is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. The
45、 proper care of the body requires an understanding of its needs, allowing for variations resulting from climate, age or occupation. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies burn food like fuel to produce t
46、he energy we need.Basically we need carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, together with regular but not excessive exercise. Carbohydrates are found in foods such as bread, potatoes and sugar. They are excel- lent energy producers, but if eaten too excess may be largely converted to fat
47、 and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates or “starchy foods is one of the obvious ways to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of them anyway. Protein, found in meat and cheese, is used for tissue building and in the developed countries most people eat about ll0g daily, which is a good
48、 deal more than the recommended minimum of 70g a day. In underdeveloped countries where food is scarce and periodical famine may occur, children in particular suffer from protein deficiency, since this is the material most need- ed for growth. Animal fats, e. g. butter, are also good sources of ener
49、gy, but are some- times held to cause increased cholesterol levels in the blood (which may lead to fatty de- posits in the arteries) and are therefore best avoided by people suffering from certain forms of heart disease, vegetable fats being recommended as a substitute. Vitamins are another essential requirement for health. There are about forty known vitamins, but the most generally referred to are A, B, C, D and E. Deficiency of Vita- min A, found in carrots, liver,
