1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The way she changes her mind three or four times a day is utterly bewildering. （ A） thoughtless （ B） ridiculous （ C） undesirable （ D） puzzling 2 A reporter from the local paper asked for detai
2、ls of the accident. （ A） typist （ B） typewriter （ C） correspondent （ D） doctor 3 He is but a child. （ A） probably （ B） not （ C） hardly （ D） only 4 Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves. （ A） wiggle slowly （ B） breathe quickly （ C） rest （ D） perspi
3、re 5 The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it. （ A） faults （ B） tricks （ C） mistakes （ D） merits 6 The farmer chased sheep into a wheat field. （ A） drove （ B） caught （ C） tempted （ D） purchased 7 The two sisters have entirely different temperament. （ A） education （ B） aristocracy （ C） disp
4、osition （ D） experience 8 Standing in the wind of winter, he was shivering all over with cold. （ A） aching （ B） trembling （ C） releasing （ D） relaxing 9 He is not ordinary. Hes a boy of extraordinary talents. （ A） mysterious （ B） extravagant （ C） remarkable （ D） various 10 Youd better have the dog s
5、urveyed before you offer to buy it. （ A） painted （ B） surtax ed （ C） equipped （ D） examined 11 Alligators still exist in some of the dank swamps and bayous of Alabamas coastal regions. （ A） weirdly fascinating （ B） mythical （ C） drab （ D） unpleasantly humid 12 Kan was abducted because he was the onl
6、y witness. （ A） taken away （ B） bribed （ C） kidnapped （ D） killed 13 At length, they climbed up to the peak of the mountain. （ A） On account （ B） In no time （ C） For the sake （ D） At last 14 The used car lot open until 9 oclock. （ A） a great deal （ B） many （ C） markets （ D） factories 15 By producing
7、 an excess amount of some household articles, a New England colonial family could barter with other families. （ A） share （ B） trade （ C） repair （ D） sell 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Could you imagine ha
8、ving a cut heal almost overnight(一夜之情 )? Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have isolated(分离 ) a sub- stance in rabbits that can heal wounds in half the time! The substance, called angiogenesis(血管生成因子 ) factor, stimulates the growth of blood vessels after injury. Blood vesse
9、ls are essential to recovery because they carry oxygen and nutrients to cells that both kill germs and repair tissues. All mammals(哺乳动物 ), from rats to whales to human beings, carry this substance in their bodies. Further research may permit scientists to create artificial angiogenesis factor in the
10、 laboratory. Angiogenesis factor, scientists say, would be of value to patients undergoing organ transplants and skin grafts because rapid healing would reduce the time during which infection could strike. The substance could also help “slow healer,“ such as diabetics, the aged, and the very ill. Ca
11、ncer researchers are also interested in angiogenesis factor because tumors, like other tissues, depend on blood vessels for growth. Scientists believe that angiogenesis factor may cause this same blood vessel growth in tumors. If antibodies (special body substances that fight disease) against the fa
12、ctor could be found, cancerous tumors could be starved and destroyed. 16 Angiogenesis factor is a substance that can promote rapid healing of wounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned （ D） A 17 Research into angiogenesis takes a long time to go from the first trials to genera use. （ A） Right
13、（ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned （ D） C 18 All mammals, except human beings, have angiogenesis factor in their bodies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned （ D） B 19 Scientists hold that angiogenesis factor can never be produced artificially in the laboratory. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention
14、ed （ D） B 20 Tissues can be repaired by oxygen and nutrients carried by blood vessels. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned （ D） A 21 The manufactures are seeking approval to put this new discovery on the market. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned （ D） C 22 Scientists believe that if somed
15、ay antibodies against angiogenesis factor can be found there will be a new way to destroy cancerous cells. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned （ D） A 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Museums in
16、 the Modern World 1. Museums have changed.They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now. 2. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless e
17、lectricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum, of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to their music.At the Modem Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera.As these examples show, museums are reaching out to
18、 new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing. 3. More and more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for e
19、xample, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship ox a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not onl
20、y to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addi
21、tion to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one “should” visit, they are places to enjoy. 4. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the populat
22、ion. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their. parents. They see things in a new and different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history.
23、 In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now. becoming curious about the world around them. The young people in these groups, like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received.
24、All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other times. 5. The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now m
25、ore than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them axe devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year. 6. I
26、n fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too lo
27、w to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff. 23 A. Causes of Changes B. Increasing Number of Museums and Visitors C. Museums Getting Closer to More Spectators D. Movies Shown in Museums E. New Notions about the Management of Museums F. Places to Visit 23 Parag
28、raph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 27 A. have higher demands of museums B. are open to more people with different social background C. to lengthen their opening hours D. charge too little for admission E. have been built and open to public F. by lowering the admission fees 27 No
29、w museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_ 28 With the development of society, people, especially the young people,_ 29 To meet the needs of society, more museums_ 30 Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they_ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有
30、 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Population Densities The average population density (密度 ) of the World is47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range fro
31、m about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wide variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per squa
32、re mile, but 1,300 person inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable (适合耕种的 ). High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as
33、in Puerto Rico and Java.Low average population densities are characteristic of most Underdeveloped countries. Low density of population is generally associated with a relatively low percentage of cultivated land.This generally results from poor quality lands. It may also be due to natural obstacles
34、to cultivation, such as deserts, mountains, or malaria-infested (疟疾横行 ) jungles; to land uses other than cultivation, as pasture and forested land; to primitive methods that limit cultivation; to social obstacles More economically advanced countries of low population density have, as a rule, large p
35、roportions of their populations living :in urban areas. Their rural population densities are usually very low. Poorly developed countries of correspondingly low population density, on the other hand, often have a concentration of rural population living on arable land, which is as great as the rural
36、 concentration found in the most densely populated industrial countries. 31 Which of the following area has the highest average population density? （ A） Iceland （ B） Canada （ C） Puerto Rico. （ D） Netherlands. 32 Which of the following is not a region of developed ,industrialization mentioned in this
37、 passage? （ A） Java （ B） Belgium. （ C） Netherlands. （ D） Great Britain. 33 There are no permanent inhabitants in Antarctica because （ A） it is too hot. （ B） it is too cold （ C） there is no transportation. （ D） it has only recently been discovered 34 Low density of population is generally associated
38、with （ A） heavy industrialization. （ B） intense agriculture. （ C） a low percentage of cultivated land （ D） large cities. 35 Poorly developed countries of low population density may have （ A） epidemics. （ B） large rural population. （ C） low rural population. （ D） large urban population. 36 Egypt Fell
39、ed by Famine Even ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were powerless in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilian around 2180 BC.Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to ble
40、m and the same or worse could happen today. The ancient Egyptians depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods. Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would ha
41、ve meant fewer plants to stablise the soil. When rain did fall it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile. The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences i
42、n mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river. Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from
43、4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Egypts Old Kingdom. The weakened waters would have been Catastrophic for the Egyptians. “Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies“, says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observa
44、tory in New York. Similar events today could be even more devastating, says team member Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C:“ Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system because the populations
45、have increased dramatically 36 Why does the author mention “pyramid builders“? （ A） Because they once worked miracles. （ B） Because they were well-built. （ C） Because they were actually very weak. （ D） Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization. 37 Which of the following factors was
46、ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilization of ancient Egypt? （ A） Change of climate. （ B） Famine. （ C） Food （ D） Population growth. 38 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile. （ B） The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile. （ C） T
47、he White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile. （ D） The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile. 39 According to Krom, Egypts Old Kingdom fell （ A） immediately after a period of drought. （ B） immediately after a period of flood （ C） just before a drought struck. （ D） just before a f
48、lood struck. 40 The word devastating“ in the last paragraph could be best replaced by （ A） frustrating. （ B） damaging. （ C） defeating. （ D） worrying. 41 Sunbath and Skin Cancer In the summer, millions of Americans will offer up their bodies to the sun rays. A tan indicates health and beauty, and mos
49、t sun worshippers will sacrifice a lot to achieve it, including themselves. With each hour, the suns ultraviolet (紫外线的 ) radiation produces irreversible (不可逆的 ) damage, hastening the development of unsightly wrinkles. And with each year on the beach or rooftop, the sunbather increases his risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is by far the most common form of cancer. An estimated 400,000 new cases will be detected this year in the United States, and almost a
