1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 A ship was reported to be in distress a few miles out at sea. （ A） danger （ B） formation （ C） service （ D） develop 2 It was stated by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be inc
2、reased by ten per cent. （ A） wood （ B） committee （ C） lumber （ D） trunk 3 The boy felt frustrated when he found he had difficulty with most of the maths problems. （ A） proud of himself （ B） discouraged （ C） scared （ D） encouraged 4 People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable. （ A） easily
3、 annoyed （ B） ill （ C） weary （ D） stiff and sore 5 Its convenient to take bus since buses leave at short intervals. （ A） rapidly （ B） frequently （ C） soon （ D） satisfactorily 6 He stretched the net from one side of the river to the other so that it hung down into the water. （ A） straightened （ B） pr
4、olonged （ C） ever-lasted （ D） spread out 7 The residents in this area are mostly rich enough to afford this kind of products. （ A） inhabitants （ B） citizens （ C） civil （ D） urban people 8 Everything cooperated to make our journey a success. （ A） contradicted （ B） worked together （ C） brought in （ D）
5、 got out 9 The germs of influenza can only exist in an acid condition. （ A） bacterium. （ B） mold （ C） bacteria （ D） medium 10 Defects in a system of education should be improved gradually. （ A） Imperfection （ B） Deformity （ C） Customary （ D） Communication 11 During the 1800s and early 1900s, new aca
6、demic disciplines such as chemistry and physics made great headway. （ A） sacrifice （ B） forefront （ C） preconceptions （ D） progress 12 This kind of animal became extinct about 500 years ago. （ A） exact （ B） unfrequented （ C） no longer existing （ D） tender 13 Everyday Tom had nothing to do but pass a
7、way time. （ A） catch up with （ B） waste （ C） kill （ D） save 14 No one knew whether this expressed acceptance of his fate or joy at his deliverance. （ A） destiny （ B） doom （ C） destination （ D） detest 15 Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron and carbon. （ A） traditionally （ B） ironically （ C）
8、carefully （ D） principally 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B； 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Pain is something that everyone experiences at some time, to a greater of lesser degree(在或大或小的程度 ) Chronic or long-term pain, however, is in a cat
9、egory(种类，范畴 )of its own. This is the kind of pain that dominates and pervades(蔓延，渗透 )the life of the sufferer. Relent- less(持续的 ), grinding, exhausting pain, from which there is no escape(无法逃避的 ). Most individuals who experience this kind of pain are paraplegics(截瘫患者 )and tetrap1egics(四肢麻痹患者 ). Thes
10、e people, despite their disabilities, would often be capable of leading fulfilled and happy lives were it not for the fact(要不是 /如果没有这一事实 ) that they suffer this terrible and debilitating(使衰弱 )pain on an almost continuous basis. To date(到目前为止 ), treatment has been mainly in the form of heavy drug the
11、rapy, which produces unpleasant side effects. But there has been a breakthrough in pain control. A new device, SPES(Sub Perception Electro Stimulation) (不知觉电刺激 ), should radically (根本地 ) improve quality of life for many chronic pain sufferers. Professor I for Cape l, scientist and inventor, has cond
12、ucted clinical trials of SPES on chronic pain sufferers with extremely encouraging results. SPES works by transmitting electrical signals controlled by microprocessors(微型信息处理机 ), in particular patterns across the brain, using tiny electrodes(电板 ) attached to the patients earlobes. These signals stim
13、ulate chemical messages from the hypothalamus(下丘脑 ), the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions. As a result, a hormonal release is triggered, which alters the perception of pain. “The pain is still there“, says Professor Cape l “but SPES helps you live with(接受某种局面 )it. We are using .
14、the bodys natural ability to cope with pain.“ The treatment is painless and convenient, lasting for about an hour a day. The equipment is portable, so the person using it can move around comfortably. Other benefits are that it is non-addictive(不成瘾的 ) and the patient does not build up a tolerance(忍受
15、)to SPES. It can be used at home without medical supervision. SPES should not, however, be used by pregnant women, epileptics(癫病患者 ), people who have pacemakers fitted(装上起搏器 )and those who are taking certain prescribed drugs. 16 It is reported that only a part of people experience in their life. （ A
16、） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Paraplegics and tetrap1egics are people who most easily experience relentless and exhausting pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 To illustrate how SPES works, scientists performed an experiment on an animal. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentio
17、ned 19 Professor I for Cape has conducted a series of clinical trials of SPES on acute pain sufferers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Hypothalamus is the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 When a hormonal release is trigger
18、ed, it will reduce the production of pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The new device, SPES, is portable and can the used at home without medical super- vision. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括 大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5
19、段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Hepatitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of and injury to the liver. The disease has many causes, including misuse of alcohol and drugs, but viruses are the most common cause. Researchers estimate that more than 300,000 cases of viral
20、 hepatitis occur each year in the United States. 2. Symptoms of viral hepatitis appear from two weeks to six months after exposure to the virus. The first symptoms are usually fatigue, poor appetite, and nausea.Pain in the abdomen above the liver and a slight fever are also common. After a few days,
21、 the persons urine becomes dark and jaundice appears. The jaundice and dark urine indicate the liver is not working properly. 3. Symptoms of viral hepatitis generally last two to six weeks. Severe cases can lead to liver failure and death. But most patients-even those with severe hepatitis-eventuall
22、y recover completely. In some patients, the disease becomes persistent and is called chronic hepatitis. People with chronic hepatitis may experience mild, vague symptoms of fatigue and poor appetite. 4. There are five types of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis A is a highly contagious disease, but it is ra
23、rely fatal. It is also called infectious hepatitis. Hepatitis A is extremely common in developing nations. Outbreaks often occur due to unsanitary conditions, such as contamination of food or the water supply. 5. Hepatitis B is the best-known form of viral hepatitis. It can be severe and often devel
24、ops into chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis B is spread by close personal or sexual contact with an infected person, or by exposure to infected blood. 6. Hepatitis C is usually spread by exposure to infected blood.It is the most common cause of transfusion-related hepatitis. It is also a common cause of c
25、hronic hepatitis. Hepatitis D is the most serious and also the rarest form of viral hepatitis. It only infects people who also have hepatitisb.Many cases of hepatitis D are fatal, and most commonly occur among intravenous drug users, who can be infected by sharing hypodermic needles. Hepatitis E oft
26、en occurs in epidemics that can be linked to poor hygiene and contaminated water. It is particularly likely to lead to serious illness in pregnant women. The disease has been reported almost exclusively in developing countries. 23 A. Scientists do not know exactly why Hepatitis develops. B. Hepatiti
27、s A often breaks out in filthy places where food and water are easily contaminated. C. Symptoms of hepatitis include languor, loss of appetite, distress of the stomach, and yellowness of urine. D. Hepatitis B is the best-known form of viral hepatitis. E. The chronic hepatitis lasts a long time and i
28、s most likely to recur. F. People should pay attention to public environment for the preservation of health. 23 Paragraph 2_. 24 Paragraph 3_. 25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5_. 27 A. injury or infection B. viruses or misuse of alcohol and drug C. poor hygiene and contaminated water D. exposure to in
29、fected blood E. the liver is not working properly F. mild, vague symptoms of fatigue and poor appetite 27 Hepatitis can be caused by_. 28 The persons urine becomes dark and jaundice appears which indicate that_. 29 Symptoms of chronic hepatitis are_. 30 The most common cause of chronic hepatitis is_
30、. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior
31、 characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to
32、 its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals
33、. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a litt
34、le branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of
35、 the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapt
36、ed to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. 31 Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may （ A） help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed. （ B） survive even in
37、 extremely severe condition. （ C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind. （ D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms. 32 In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by （ A） contexts. （ B） surroundings. （ C） neighb
38、ors. （ D） enemies. 33 It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird care colored? （ A） to frightened its enemies. （ B） to attract its enemies. （ C） to adjust its body heat. （ D） to match its environment. 34 Which of the following is not directly mentioned? （ A） A living thing may
39、adapt in its structure. （ B） An organism may adapt in its function. （ C） A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup. （ D） A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit. 35 The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following? （ A） A living th
40、ing may have the ability to create an environment of its own. （ B） A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near. （ C） A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals. （ D） A living creature may have the ability to change the color of i
41、ts skin. 36 Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune System, especially when they come in the form 0f a potato salad or eaten Cold.In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantitie
42、s of raw potato starch (RPS) not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood.White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged. The general down-regulation of
43、leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte de
44、nsity and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of :raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch,“ said s
45、tudy leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by hu
46、man is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted in- to the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immunology expert Lena Oh
47、mans team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed
48、by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI. 36 What form of
49、potato is the most nutrient to the human body? （ A） Potato soup. （ B） Potato cake. （ C） Potato salad （ D） Hot boiled potato. 37 What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean? （ A） It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation. （ B） It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed （ C） It means that the body is challenged （ D） It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more. 38 For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment? （ A） They want
