1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The price of vegetables varies according to the weather. （ A） changes （ B） rises （ C） falls （ D） jumps 2 The hands of the clock showed that it was time for dinner. （ A） pointers （ B） fingers （
2、 C） legs （ D） toes 3 The meat tasted so unpleasant that Jane threw it away in disgust. （ A） with pleasure （ B） with strong dislike （ C） in despair （ D） in great disappointment 4 Mary was one of the principal organizers of the Artists Guild. （ A） planners （ B） employees （ C） actors （ D） recipients 5
3、Parents should realize that “example is better than precept.“ （ A） instruction （ B） education （ C） imagination （ D） morality 6 Flattery will get you nowhere. （ A） criticism （ B） screamings （ C） sweet words （ D） recitals 7 An educationist should understand childrens psychology very well. （ A） mind （
4、B） heart （ C） brain （ D） physics 8 He picked a textbook from the bookshelf and then commenced to read. （ A） directed （ B） commented （ C） committed （ D） began 9 We were relieved to hear that you had arrived safely. （ A） relaxed （ B） worried （ C） released （ D） joyful 10 You possess affluence, but it d
5、oesnt mean you can have everything in hand. （ A） influence （ B） fluent （ C） wealth （ D） relationship 11 Because noises modulate radio frequency, radio stations use a band of frequencies to prevent interference with other stations. （ A） govern （ B） adapt （ C） temper （ D） renovate 12 Governments shoul
6、d rule only with the consent of the governed. （ A） content （ B） conquest （ C） support （ D） agreement 13 The fact that Chinese characters are associated with ideas, not sound, would make it a fine written international language. （ A） connected with （ B） involved in （ C） realized by （ D） assisted by 1
7、4 She broke a vessel in anger at a man who came selling things at her door. （ A） ship （ B） container （ C） tube （ D） boat 15 A cup of whole milk provides roughly one hundred sixty-six calories of energy. （ A） discreetly （ B） approximately （ C） barely （ D） coarsely 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文
8、后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Supped-up(效力增强了的 ) enzymes that flush poisons out of cells more efficiently than their natural counterparts(对应的人或物 ) could alleviate some of the severe side effects of chemotherapy and so improve the chances of
9、 curing cancers. Many anticancer drugs attack tumor cells because they divide more rapidly than healthy cells. But some vital healthy cells also divide faster than normal, and these are destroyed as well. The most vital cells caught in the chemical cross-fire are those made in the bone marrow(骨髓 ).
10、Under normal circumstances, these mature into platelets(血小板 ), which are vital for wound-healing, and white blood cells that fight infections. If levels of these cells fall, patients become dangerously vulnerable to infection and can suffer such severe internal bleeding that treatment has to be stop
11、ped. Surviving cancer cells can then re-grow and reduce the effectiveness of the therapy. Bill Fehl and his colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Medical School have engineered an enzyme that could make bone marrow cells resistant to the cancer drugs, so higher doses can be given and side effect
12、s reduced. The idea is to take healthy bone marrow cells from patients before they begin chemotherapy, then equip these cells with the genes that make the enzyme drug-resistant. When returned to the patient, the improved bone marrow cells could then withstand heavy doses of the drugs. The natural ve
13、rsion of the enzyme called glutathione Stransferase(谷胱甘肽 S转移酶 ) is produced mainly in the liver and catalyses(催化 ) the breakdown of compounds that might otherwise damage DNA in cells. GST also neutralizes(中和 ) the toxic breakdown products of anticancer drugs, which makes it suitable for protecting b
14、one marrow cells. But natural GST does not work efficiently enough to avoid being swamped by high doses of drugs. GST catalyses a reaction between potentially toxic compounds and glutathione a peptide (肽 ) produced in almost all cells of the body. The GST molecule has a cavity, or “active site“, whe
15、re the two molecules are brought close enough to react. This neutralizes the toxin, which passes into the blood to be excreted in the patients urine. Using machines for synthesizing(结合 ,使合成 )DNA, Fehl and his colleagues made thousands of “scrambled“ versions of the parts of the GST gene that make th
16、e active site of the enzyme. They inserted these scrambled genes into Escherichia coll. By exposing the bacteria to increasing quantities of the anticancer drug, mechlorethamine(氮芥 ), Fehl screened out the ones most tolerant to the drug. “By this method, we made enzymes 30 times as efficient as the
17、natural one,“ says Fehl. In other words, it took 30 times as much drug to kill the bacteria. Fehl has already exposed mice carrying copies of the doctored gene to known carcinogens(致癌物 ) to see how efficient the gene is at mopping up the toxins. The more efficient it is, the less damage the toxins d
18、o and fewer tumors should appear. “We anticipate a significant reduction (in the number of cancers) in the group carrying the gene, “says Fehl, who is still analyzing the results. Fehls team has applied for a patent covering the technique, and hopes to develop treatments with Systemix, a company bas
19、ed in Palo Alto, California. Brian Ketterer, who heads the Cancer Research Campaigns molecular toxicology group in London, says Fehls work could be important. But he warns that the proposed strategy would not protect cells lining the gut from chemotherapy drugs. 16 The passage mainly discusses about
20、 the toxic reaction of anticancer drugs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Dietary intervention may work even after precancerous warning signs have appeared. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Being resistant to the anticancer drugs, bone marrow cells can greatly reduce the side e
21、ffects. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Wheat bran may lower the risk of colon cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The enzyme engineered by Fehls team is superior to the natural enzyme in withstanding Heavy doses of the drugs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 F
22、ehl picked up the most tolerant scrambled gene by using machines. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The strategy proposed by Fehl can protect cells in various parts of the body from chemotherapy drugs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测
23、试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 1.Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other
24、 medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients. 2. The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in th
25、e medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighti
26、ng disease. 3. Human beings have suffered from illnesses since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. 4. However, medicine has made tremendous p
27、rogress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health
28、 care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition, sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. 5. As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients receiv
29、ed treatment at home for most kinds of illnesses. Today, doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead they head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers, and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and ho
30、spitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countries. A. In ancient tribes, treatment was executed by witch doctors and based largely on superstition B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of
31、disease C. The goals of medicine involve life rescuing, pair reducing, and dignity maintaining D. Control of infections diseases is given as a reason for a longer a life E. School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical work F. Medical care is now provided for patients in ho
32、spitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and laboratory workers 23 Paragraph 2 _. 24 Paragraph 3 _. 25 Paragraph 4 _. 26 Paragraph 5 _. 26 A. a long life expectancy for most people B. artists are adroit in dealing with their painting subject C. engage in the medical profession D. car
33、eful study and experimentation E. the chief centers for medical care in most countries F. science and technology 27 Doctors are skillful in dealing with patients just as_. 28 Doctors apply the knowledge gained through_. 29 Medical progress, improved health care, and better living conditions have ens
34、ured_. 30 With the development of the medicine, clinics and hospitals have become_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内 容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a “coma“ patient is moving th
35、eir hand or doing something that they were asked to do. “Following commands“ is what we call it. Often its “wishful thinking“ on the families part. Nurses can easily become callous to it. On this particular night during visiting hours, my patients wife came in. I had taken care of him for severam ni
36、ghts. I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually, he didnt do anything. He barely moved at all, even when something would obviously hurt him, such as suctioning. His wife was very short, about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him, so that she could se
37、e his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool. I spoke to her for a few minutes, and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later, she came running out of the room. In an excited voice, she said, “Donna, hes moving his hand!“ I immediately thought that it was probably
38、her imagination, and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He had been there about a month at the time and had never made any movements on purpose. I asked her what had happened and she said, “I asked him to squeeze my hand and he did !“ This led me to another train of questioning. “But, did
39、he let go when you asked him to?“ She said yes, that he had done exactly what she asked. I went into the room with her, not really believing that I would see anything different than I had always seen. But I decided that it would be better to pacify her than to make her think I didnt believe her or t
40、hat she was somehow mistaken. She asked him to squeeze her hand, which he did. I said, “Well, ask him to let go.“ He continued to squeeze for a moment, so that when he finally did let go, I really still didnt believe that he had done it on Purpose. So, I said, “Ask him to hold up one finger.“ He did
41、 as asked. Well, hmm, this was starting to get my attention. I looked at him, his face still somewhat swollen and his eyes still closed. “Stick out your tongue!“ I said. He did it. I almost fell on the floor. It was the first time I had ever seen anyone “wake up. “ 31 The first paragraph indicates t
42、hat more often than not a coma patient _. （ A） is found to be following commands （ B） is thought to be following commands （ C） is used to following commands （ D） is callous to nurses commands 32 What was the condition of the patient before that particular night? （ A） He talked only with his wife. （
43、B） He barely moved at all. （ C） He moved only when hurt. （ D） He was too lazy to do anything at all. 33 How did the author feel upon first hearing what the excited wife said? （ A） She was amused. （ B） She was doubtful. （ C） She was scared. （ D） She was shocked. 34 What did the patient do on that par
44、ticular night? （ A） He squeezed and let go his wifes hand. （ B） He held up one of his fingers. （ C） He stuck out his tongue. （ D） All of the above. 35 The author “almost fell on the floor“ because_. （ A） she could hardly believe her eyes. （ B） she had been working too hard. （ C） she had been deceive
45、d. （ D） she had been tripped. 35 We all age at different rates. Heredity clearly plays an important part. But recent research studies by gerontologists indicate that life-style may be equally significant in determining who will remain youthful. As a rule, single men and women have shorter lives than
46、 married men and women. Studies show that those who have been widowed, especially men, have a longer life expectancy if they remarry soon. Both men and women seem to have a greater resistance to disease and death when their marriage is undamaged. According to a 1960 study, women who have borne three
47、 children have the lowest mortality rates. Those who have borne four or more have the highest. Childless women and those with only one child generally dont live as long as mother of two or three, according to University of Chicago sociologists Evenly M. Kitagawa and Philip M. Hauser. Its impossible
48、to say how much sleep is ideal. Some people thrive on five hours a night, others seem to require eight or nine. Scientists agree that consistency in sleeping pattern is more significant; its better to get six hours sleep every night than ten hours one night and three the next. While its true that ve
49、ry few people who enjoy a long life are fat, this does not mean that every pound you gain is going to shorten your life. In fact, an ongoing study in Framingham, Mass. , has showed that during at least 30 years of middle life, leanness was a higher factor for mortality than fatness! What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy. Weighing 20 percent more or less than you should weigh can, in certain cases, be a life shortener. The benefits of regular exercise are in
