1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Did you do that to irritate her? （ A） tease （ B） attract （ C） protect （ D） annoy 2 If you put too many potatoes in that paper-bag it will burst. （ A） crash （ B） explode （ C） crack （ D） be brok
2、en 3 Professor Lins dedication to teaching earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students. （ A） experience in （ B） determination of （ C） devotion to （ D） contributions to 4 While some bacteria are beneficial, others are harmful in that cause disease. （ A） detrimental （ B） prodigious （ C）
3、 intrusive （ D） mordant 5 We perceived that we were unwelcome and left. （ A） conceived （ B） suggested （ C） implied （ D） was conscious of 6 Dont try to dignify those few hairs on your face by calling them a beard. （ A） make noble （ B） talk of （ C） cry out （ D） single out 7 When he spoke, she had an u
4、npleasant insight into what life would be like as his wife. （ A） perception （ B） precept （ C） precede （ D） preceptor 8 The boys death was disastrous to him. The poor man never got over from it. （ A） a great misfortune （ B） an increasing rage （ C） an eventful outcome （ D） an everlasting complain 9 He
5、 was a little lightheaded since he just caught a cold. （ A） trembling （ B） tiresome （ C） dizzy （ D） timid 10 Is 20 sufficient for the expenses of your journey? （ A） adopt （ B） enough （ C） chargeable （ D） comparable 11 Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endo
6、wment. （ A） event （ B） habit （ C） trait （ D） gift 12 He gave me a book of the sort usually reserved for naughty schoolchildren. （ A） provided （ B） prepared （ C） appointed （ D） kept 13 If language were for nothing but the communication of warnings and weather reports, an artificial international lang
7、uage would do nicely. （ A） anything other than （ B） nothing only （ C） nothing other than （ D） something except. 14 She put down her skinny hand slowly. （ A） smooth （ B） long （ C） bony （ D） harsh 15 Sharpshooter Annie Oakley performed astonishing feats of marksmanship as the star of Buffalo Bills Wil
8、d West Show beginning in 1885. （ A） astute （ B） astounding （ C） archaic （ D） articulate 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文 后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Antibiotic resistance doesnt just make pathogens(病原体 ) difficult to treat, It also ma
9、kes them harder to track Traditionally, epidemiologists(流行病专家 )following the paths of disease-causing microbes have identified their suspects by features of bacterial polysaccharide(多糖 ) coats, susceptibility to different antibiotics, or other schemes But these tracking techniques “are losing their
10、relevance (相关性 ,实用性 ), “says Alexander Tomasz, a microbiologist at Rockefeller University in New York City. With the increase in drug resistance, a variety of resistant microbes can now wear the same coat or be resistant to the same drugs, making it harder and harder to keep tabs on individual strai
11、ns (菌株 ). Epidemiologists, therefore, are increasingly turning to more precise molecular typing techniques, such as DNA fingerprinting, to distinguish resistant strains. DNA typing tools are, of course, not new. Indeed, some DNA-based methods, such as comparing plasmids (质体 )(small rings of DNA outs
12、ide the chromosomes 染色体 ), have been used by epidemiologists to track infections since the 1970s. but since plasmid DNA is transferred easily and often between different strains, that technique too has its limitations. More recent techniques use restriction enzymes to cut apart entire bacterial chro
13、mosomes into strain-specific fragment patterns, Another method uses specific radiolabeled (放射标汇的 ) DNA probes, in a technique known as Southern hybridization(杂交 ), to test for the presence of a particular drug-resistance gene in a bacterial strain. “Such tools give epidemiologists, unprecedented res
14、olving power for identifying reservoirs and transition routes of genes and pathogens, “says Tomasz. That has helped researchers track a number of drug-resistant clones as they travel vast distances. Such tracking methods also “help us learn about the mechanism of resistance, “says CDC(疾病控制和预防中心 ) ep
15、idemiologist Robert Breiman. Resistance grows, he explains, either as one resistant organism spreads from one location to the next as in the Brazilian MRSA(耐甲氧苯青素金黄色葡萄球菌 ) or as different strains and even species of microbes share the genes responsible for drug resistance, as a series of studies of
16、vancomycin(万古霉素 ) resistance recently demonstrated. That knowledge also helps public health officials combat the spread. If resistance spreads “horizontallyas a microbe increases its range, Breiman says its important to focus prevention efforts on minimizing person-to-person spread in hospitals and
17、day-care centers. If, however, resistance genes are jumping between organisms, that suggests that overly aggressive antibiotic treatment is encouraging nonresistant bugs to acquire new genes. “In such cases, the focus needs to be on controlling anti-microbial use, “says Breiman. The hoped-for result
18、: fewer infections to track. 16 Aspirin is one of the worlds oldest pain remedies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Antibiotic resistance makes pathogens neither more difficult to treat nor harder to track. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 According to Alexander Tomasz, the tra
19、ditional tracking techniques are turning out to be efficient. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The experts of epidemiology are trying more precise molecular trying techniques so as to distinguish resistant strains. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Using specific radio-labeled D
20、NA probes provides epidemiologists unprecedented resolving power for identifying reservoir and transition routes of genes and pathogens. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It is of vital importance to concentrate prevention efforts on minimizing person-to-person spread. （ A） Right （ B） Wron
21、g （ C） Not mentioned 22 This enzyme manufactures prostaglandins, substances that cause pain and inflammation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给 的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 1. Medical ca
22、re has three main elements: diagnosis of disease or injury, treatment of disease or injury, and prevention of disease. 2. Serious ailments require diagnosis by an expert, who, in most cases, is a doctor. Doctors use three main types of “clues“ in making a diagnosis: the patients case history, the do
23、ctor s physical examination of the patient, and the results of medical tests. Patients provide their own medical history by answering questions about their physical condition and past illnesses. Doctors use medical instruments, such as a stethoscope to listen to a patients heart and lungs, to perfor
24、m a physical examination. Medical laboratories aid diagnosis by making chemical and microscopic tests on body fluids and tissues. A physician may also order tests that use X rays, sound waves or electric waves to detect disease by literally looking inside the body. 3. People usually recover from min
25、or illnesses and injuries without special treatment. In these cases, doctors may simply reassure their patients and allow the body to heal it-self. But serious ailments generally require special treatment. In these cases, a doctor may prescribe drugs, surgery, or other treatment. For thousands of ye
26、ars, drugs and surgery have provided two of the chief methods of treating disease. But modern science has helped make these methods much more effective than they used to be. Penicillin aad other “wonder drugs“ help cure many infectious diseases that were once extremely difficult to treat. With the h
27、elp of machines, surgeons can repair or replace organs that have been seriously damaged, including the heart and kidneys. Science has also helped develop entirely new methods of treatment. Radiotherapy, for example, makes use of X-rays and radioactive rays to treat cancer. 4. Doctors help prevent di
28、sease in various ways. They may give vaccinations to guard against such diseases as polio, hepatitis, and measles. They may also order a special diet or drug to strengthen a patients natural defenses against illness. People can also help themselves remain healthy by exercising, by not smoking, and b
29、y avoiding use of alcohol or illegal drugs. Doctors can prevent many diseases from becoming serious by diagnosing and treating them in their early stages. For this reason, most doctors recommend regular physical examinations. 5. Local governments also contribute to the prevention of disease. They do
30、 sc by enforcing public health measures. For instance, they make sure that the community has pure drinking water and a system of garbage and sewage disposal. A number of national and international organizations work to improve the quality of medical care. These organizations encourage medical educat
31、ion and research, help standardize medical practice, and enforce codes of professional conduct. A. Diseases to different extent can be treated in many kinds of method B. A doctors diagnosis may include the patients case history, the doctors physical examination of the patient and the results of medi
32、cal tests C. Some diseases used to be incurable D. Doctors may use many different methods as an assistance to the prevention of disease E. Local governments also make their contribution to the prevention of disease F. Radiotherapy is an entirely new machine used to treat cancer 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 P
33、aragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 26 A. examination of the heart, lungs and other organs B. physical or mental C. prevention of disease D. careful diagnosis and special treatment E. medical laboratories F. radioactive substance 27 The three main elements of medical care are diagnosis of
34、 disease or injury, treatment of disease or injury and_. 28 A Stethoscope is a hearing instrument used for_. 29 Chemical and microscopic tests on body fluids and issues from patients are made in_. 30 Serious ailments generally call for_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个
35、最佳选项。 30 Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds. The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before
36、 seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports. “Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations, “ Jerilyn Ross, the associations president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday. “The conditio
37、n causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves, “ Ross said. Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. “It also makes it very difficult for peo
38、ple to develop friends and romantic partnerships,“ she said. People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,“ she said. Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the
39、 Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference. “This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on, “ Pollack said. “The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many individuals re
40、port a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.“ The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering, Ross said. Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condit
41、ion affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didnt want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said. However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. I
42、n fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted. 31 People with social
43、anxiety disorder are known for their fear of _. （ A） being left alone （ B） leading normal lives （ C） embarrassing other people （ D） facing social or performance situations 32 What do people with social anxiety disorder think of their fear? （ A） They think its beyond their control. （ B） They think it
44、s beneficial. （ C） They think its controllable. （ D） They think its justified. 33 Which is NOT true of people with social anxiety disorder? （ A） Theyre often isolated and ashamed. （ B） They find it difficult to make friends. （ C） They often fail to get timely treatment. （ D） They tend to judge or cr
45、iticize other people. 34 The symptoms of social anxiety disorder include all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） heart palpitations （ B） sore throat （ C） sweating （ D） blushing 35 It can be seen from the last paragraph that treatment of the disorder_. （ A） has no positive effect at all （ B） is unavailable t
46、o most sufferers （ C） tends to be refused by the sufferers （ D） can lead to improvement in the sufferers lives 35 Pain is easier to endure if you know you can end it. Speakers at a session on pain at the British Associations psychology section have new evidence to support this idea for two common ex
47、periences of pain: in childbirth and at the dentists. On the other side of the coin, their inability to control pain may explain why some people with continual pain have psychological problems as well. Dr. J. Robinson found out about the phenomenon of self-controlled pain almost by accident. He was
48、studying the effects of analgesics used to control pain during childbirth and as part of the experiment made it possible for women having their child to press a button which gave an automatic injection instead of having all injections made by the doctor. Afterwards these women did not say that they
49、had less pain than other women in childbirth, but they did use considerable less of the drug. J. Atkins, a dental surgeon, has observed a similar phenomenon. As part of their efforts to make dentistry painless, Atkins and researchers at Aston University in Birmingham offered patients a switch they could flip to turn off the dentists drill whenever they chose. But, after trying the switch on 50 patients Atkins gave up; none of the patients had ever flipped the switch. Perhaps the extra endu
