1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Im sceptical of the teams chances of winning. （ A） hesitate （ B） doubtful （ C） humble （ D） irritable 2 Our interests were quite distinct from these of the managers. （ A） different （ B） gratef
2、ul （ C） noble （ D） mature 3 Many difficult words are outside the scope of this learners. （ A） awareness （ B） distance （ C） range （ D） aim 4 Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence. （ A） Split （ B） Break （ C） Combine （ D） Divide 5 Because of the strong sun Mrs. William new blue
3、dining-room curtains faded to gray within a year. （ A） window coverings （ B） cushions （ C） curves （ D） screens 6 Every experience teaches the people something and the effects are cumulative. （ A） increasing （ B） conspicuous （ C） noticeable （ D） dubious 7 Many rich men only drive old, unpretentious c
4、ars. （ A） ordinary （ B） second-hand （ C） luxury （ D） shabby 8 The womans scowl showed she was not satisfied with the service here. （ A） ironic expression （ B） bad-tempered look （ C） good looking （ D） tricky look 9 The road was covered with snow and ice. So I slithered very often. （ A） walked slowly
5、（ B） looked around （ C） slipped unsteadily （ D） fell to the ground 10 The consumption of beer did not go down when the tax was raised. （ A） production （ B） price （ C） expense （ D） value 11 Benjamin Rush established the first free dispensary in the United States. （ A） clinic （ B） school （ C） library
6、（ D） university 12 My wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job. （ A） exhausting （ B） demonstrating （ C） using （ D） exhibiting 13 She had to look after a house, a big garden and five dogs into the bargain. （ A） in addition （ B） including （ C） except （ D） in all 14 He devotes hi
7、s time to the acquisition of knowledge. （ A） achievement （ B） handle （ C） obtaining （ D） provision 15 The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. （ A） demanded （ B） elicited （ C） expedited （ D） defied 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题
8、1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Between 1986 and 1992 in the United States, mortality due to coronary heart disease among white men 45 to 74 years of age decreased by 26 percent, continuing a trend that began in the mid-1960s.
9、Americans are thus doing something right. But did fish consumption help? This is where the Health Professionals Follow-Up(起作用 ) Study comes in. The study deals with the intake(摄影 ) of n-3 fatty acids and fish. The researchers calculated the intake of fish for 44,895 male health professionalsmost of
10、them dentistsin 1986 and kept track of their health status for the next six years. Surprisingly, the intake of n-3 fatty acids or fish in 1986 was not related to the risk of subsequent coronary disease. The number of participants was much larger than in other studies, and the methods and data analys
11、is were solid. Also, measurements of fatty acids in adipose tissue showed that the questionnaire reliably ranked respondents according to their intake of 3 fatty acids. The researchers carefully spell out the limitations of the study. First, two thirds of the men had greatly increased their intake o
12、f fish over the 10 years before 1986. Some of those increases could have occurred. Shortly before the base-line investigation in 1986, because the inverse relation between fish consumption and mortality due to coronary heart disease was first reported in 1985. Thus, data on fish intake may not refle
13、ct long term habits, and changes in fish intake during follow-up could also have attenuated an association with coronary disease. The authors performed separate analyses including only men who reported no change in their fish intake and again found no effect. However, it is hard for people to recall
14、 whether they changed their diet several years ago. Second, the fish intake of these educated men was high and was more comparable with that of Norwegians or Japanese than with intake in the U.S. men studied previously. The epidemiologic data suggest that any beneficial effect is obtained with one o
15、r two servings of fish per week and that more is not better. Moreover, previous studies of fish intake have shown an association with the rate of mortality due to coronary disease, rather than with the incidence of nonfatal coronaty disease or coronary surgery. When seen in that light, there is some
16、 agreement between the present study and previous reports, because the risk of death from coronariy heart disease was about 25 percent lower among men who ate at least some fish than among those who ate no fish at all. A third limitation of the study was that some of the men studied may have begun t
17、o eat fish, or may have eaten more, because they thought that they were at increased risk of a heart attack;the men in the highest 20 percent of the study group in terms of their in-take of n-3 fatty acids more frequently reported a family history of coronary disease or a personal history of high ch
18、olesterol levels than men who ate less fish. The Harvard investigators concluded that increasing fish intake beyond one or two servings per week is unlikely to reduce the risk of coronary events substantially in men who are initially free of coronary disease. This is a prudent conclusion, and it cou
19、ld be extended to fish-oil capsules, which provide n-3 fatty acids in much larger amounts than are commonly consumed in food. The findings of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study should somewhat dampen enthusiasm for fish and fish oil as a panacea against coronary disease. A little fish may stil
20、l do some good, but more fish is not necessarily better. 16 Good diet helps prevent coronary heart disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The purpose of this study is to determine whether fish intake can help people combat coronary disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A
21、ccording to the text, the intake of fish in 1986 was related to the risk of subsequent coronary disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The data of the study may not reflect the long-term habits of the participants, thus making the results of the study somewhat questionable. （ A） Right
22、（ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 An acute heart attack often hits without warning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Several studies have proven that fish intake can lower the mortality rate due to coronary disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The researchers concluded that
23、 fish-oil capsules had little effect on coronary disease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 1. A hospital is an institution that provides medical services f
24、or a community. The doctors, nurses, and other personnel of a hospital work to restore health to sick and injured people. They also try to prevent disease and maintain health in the community. Some hospitals serve as centers for medical education and research. 2. Most hospitals are short-term hospit
25、als in which the majority of patients stay less than 30 days. Patients spend an average of 4 to 8 days in a short-term hospital. In long term hospitals, most patients stay more than 30 days. People having their tonsils removed would go to a short-term hospital. Those with severe mental illnesses may
26、 stay in a long-term institution because of the time needed to treat their condition. 3. A general hospital provides services for most people and illnesses. A special hospital cares for certain people or certain illnesses. For example, pediatric hospitals treat only children. Rehabilitation hospital
27、s provide services to help people adjust to mental and physical disabilities. 4. A hospital may perform other services besides treating the sick. Research hospitals conduct medical research. Teaching hospitals educate future physicians, nurses, and laboratory specialists. A teaching hospital may for
28、m part of a university medical center, or it may be a general hospital associated with a medical school. 5. In the professional services department, physicians play an important role and lead a large medical team working for the hospital. The medical team also includes physicians in training. These
29、interns have come from medical schools and work in a hospital for practical experience. The nursing staff forms the largest group on the patient care team. Professional nurses, generally called registered nurses, have graduated from a nursing school. They carry out much of the patients care under th
30、e guidance of physicians. They also direct other members of the nursing staff, including practical nurses. nurses aides, and nurse attendants. These men and women do many tasks to tree the registered nurses for work requiring their special skills. 6. There are many other important departments in a h
31、ospital besides the professional services department. The hospital pharmacy provides medicines that physicians order for patients. The central service department maintains medical supplies. The food service department prepares meals for patients and staff members. The hospital laboratories conduct t
32、ests that help doctors diagnose and treat illnesses. The radiology department makes X rays to help physicians diagnose diseases and injuries. The medical records department keeps a record on every patient. If former patients return to the hospital, their medical record helps the physician diagnose a
33、nd treat their illness. The admitting office schedules patients for admission at the request of their physician and assigns them to a room. And the business office lists each patients charges, prepares a bill, and records payments received. A. Physicians lead a large medical team while the nurses fo
34、rm the largest group on the patient care team B. People may stay only several day in a hospital to have his illness treated C. Physicians play an important role in the hospital D. A hospital may perform other services in addition to treating the sick E. A rehabilitation center is a place where injur
35、ed, wounded, or shocked people receive treatment to help restore them to normal activity. F. The business office is a department responsible for finance. 23 Paragraph _ 24 Paragraph _ 25 Paragraph _ 26 Paragraph _ 26 A. his graduation from a medical school B. provide medical education and conduct re
36、search in medicine C. provide medical services for a community D. restore health from a chronic disease E. diagnose diseases and injuries F. have the appendix removed 27 The function of a hospital is to_. 28 The doctors, nurses, and other personnel of a hospital treat and cure disease,_. 29 An inter
37、n is a doctor serving as an assistant resident in a hospital, generally just after_. 30 The departments of hospital laboratories, radiology department and medical records department help physicians_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Countless people are born w
38、ith(生来就具有某种特点 )the susceptibility to inherit a genetic disease. But scientific progress, especially the art of interfering with(干涉 ,阻碍 ) the genetic makeup of the human body, has helped doctors prevent more and more inherited disorders in the last decade. Dr. Thomas Caskey of the Baylor University C
39、ollege of medicine in Houston, Texas, is a pioneer in molecular biology(分子生物学 ). Through the techniques of genetic engineering(基因工程 ), he transfers genes from one organism to another. Caskey uses a certain type of virus, called a retrovirus(逆转录病毒 ), as the vehicle for the gene transfer. He first cri
40、pples the virus by removing the portion it needs to reproduce itself. The crippled virus becomes harmless while still being able to deliver a cargo to its destination. The cargo in Caskeys experiment is the human A-D-A gene, taken from bone marrow. A-D-A stands for(代表 ) adenosine deaminase(腺苷脱氨酶 ),
41、an important component of the human immune system. A defect in the A-D-A gene leads to immune deficiency, rendering(致使 ) the body defenseless against infections. Caskeys purpose was to see if the human A-D-A gene could repair the defective immune system of a mouse. In the experiment the mouse was gi
42、ven a dose of radiation heavy enough to destroy its immune system. The animal next was injected with the crippled virus carrying the human A-D-A gene. According to Caskey, “the mouse will die within 10 to 14 days unless a successful transfer of bone marrow cells takes place. So we lethally irradiate
43、 and subsequently rescue the mouse by bone marrow transplantation(骨髓移植 )with the cells that have been infected with the virus.“ The mouse now carries the human gene that salvaged its immune system. Bone marrow transplantation has an established place in contemporary medical practice. Employed to res
44、tore the immune system of certain cancer patients and of people who have been exposed to radiation, bone marrow transplantation works only if there is a good match between donor and recipient. The procedure would be much easier if bone marrow were like blood. People with type O blood are universal d
45、onors(万能供体 ). Their blood may be transfused to those who have different blood types. Unfortunately, there is no such thing as a universal bone-marrow type. Researchers may have found a way, however, to overcome this problem. The solution, if it works, would be to implant the patient with his own, pe
46、rfectly matching(型配 ), bone marrow. The idea, as Caskey explains it, is to “correct the patients disease with his own ceils, but those cells have added to them a normally functioning gene. “In other words, surgeons would take defective bone-marrow cells from the patient and put them into a laborator
47、y dish where the cells would be exposed to a crippled virus carrying a healthy AD-A gene from a donor. The A-D-A gene would repair the defective cells and then the cells would be reinjected into the patient. Thus, in Caskey words, “the patient would be transplanted by his own ceils containing the ad
48、ded normal gene.“ The technique sounds deceptively(靠不住地 ) simple. In reality, though(可是 ,不过 , 然而 ), it is complex. A number of laboratories have tested various intermediate steps of the process, but, according to Caskey, “no single laboratory has put together the entire technology successfully, and
49、highly reproducibly, to proceed with a gene transfer at-tempt in man.“ For some time now, the U.S. National Institute of Health has been taking a close look at(仔细 ,研究 ) the effectiveness and safety of the procedure, as well as the ethical questions it raises. There doesnt seem to be much concern about the ethics of gene transfer into a human being to correct a genetic defect. Dr. W. French Anderson of N. I. H. wrote recently that “claims that new organs, designed personalities, master races, or Frankenstein(佛兰肯思泰因，一个创造怪物而自己被它
