1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Many people think that she takes after her father. （ A） supports （ B） resembles （ C） cares （ D） looks for 2 Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, the first woman admitted to the bar in Kentucky, eventua
2、lly abandoned her legal career and became a social worker. （ A） supported （ B） prosecuted （ C） gave up （ D） tired of 3 Nashville, Tennessee, boasts some of the finest country music performers in the United States. （ A） plays （ B） attracts （ C） records （ D） claims 4 A ballet is theatrical entertainme
3、nt that combines the arts of dancing, stage design, and music. （ A） replaces （ B） promotes （ C） simplifies （ D） blends 5 After seeing some of Louis Kahns architectural plans, Jonas Salk asked him to build a laboratory in La Jolla, California. （ A） permitted （ B） wanted （ C） requested （ D） hired 6 Af
4、ter his military defeat in 1865, Robert E. Lee entreated the people of the South to work for national harmony. （ A） warned （ B） urged （ C） commanded （ D） recruited 7 Theories of teaching have not been as fully developed as have theories of learning. （ A） thoroughly （ B） liberally （ C） eagerly （ D） p
5、roperly 8 In studying social groups, sociologists often gain insight through the use of such devices as questionnaires. （ A） access （ B） credibility （ C） publicity （ D） understanding 9 The nucleus of the atom is composed of swiftly moving protons and neutrons that are held together by very strong fo
6、rces. （ A） mixed （ B） propelled （ C） pounded （ D） bound 10 On the fourth of July 177the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress. （ A） accepted （ B） nominated （ C） appointed （ D） recommended 11 By conducting experiments on brave volunteers, Walter Reed was able to identify
7、 the particular kind of mosquito that carried yellow fever. （ A） thin （ B） hearty （ C） curious （ D） courageous 12 Dating from around A. D. 1000, the largest mound surviving from the Mississippian culture was one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres. （ A） civilization （ B） formati
8、on （ C） sect （ D） edifice 13 Very often bacteria or viruses inhabit the body without causing illness, a condition known as the “carrier state“. （ A） surround （ B） repel （ C） occupy （ D） devitalize 14 Dotting the marshy expanse of the Florida Everglades are little islands known locally as hummocks. （
9、 A） generally （ B） to all （ C） in that area （ D） occasionally 15 It is not possible for people to remember everthing that they have thought. （ A） recall （ B） appreciate （ C） repeat （ D） discuss 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句
10、的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Too Polite for Words A Japanese colleague the other day was talking about a meeting with a man whom she abruptly described using the English word “jerk“. I thought she was toning down her Japanese for my benefit, so I asked her how to say “jerk“ in Japanese. “Theres no such word,
11、 “she answered helplessly. “We have to use jerk“. Heaven knows its not as if there are no jerks in Japan. But the Japanese language is just not made for sniping at people. At first, I thought maybe my Japanese teachers had been too polite to teach me the real lingo, so I watched to see what Japanese
12、 drivers would say to each other after a car accident. It turned out that they say:“Im sorry. “Gradually I came to realize that there is perhaps no language so ill suited to invective as Japanese. Linguistically, these guys are wimps. Take the vicious Japanese insult “kisama, “which is deeply offens
13、ive. It means:“your honorable self. “Thats right. Instead of using all kinds of dirty words, the Japanese insult each other by frowning and growling:“Your honorable self. “ Likewise, a nasty expression for a woman is “ama, “another term not to try with the nice woman at the sushi restaurant. But lit
14、erally it means “nun“. Sure, sarcasm may be intended, but still most women would probably prefer to be characterized as a nun than as a female dog. Since people are least inhibited when they are shaking their fists at each other, insults offer a window into a culture. Ive been interested in such ter
15、ms ever since I arrived in Cairo a dozen years ago to study Arabic and discovered that my name was a curse. “Nick“ sounds very much like the imperative of an extremely vulgar verb for sex. I would introduce myself in Arabic, and my new acquaintance would flee in horror. Theres no such danger in Japa
16、nese. There are explicit terms for sex and for body parts, crude as well as clinical, but they are descriptive rather than insulting. There is one exception. One of the meanest things one Japanese child can say to another is:“Omaeno kaachan debeso. “That means; “Your moms belly button sticks out. “T
17、his has no deep Freudian meaning; it simply means that your mother is rude and ugly. 16 The Japanese woman used the English word “jerk“ so as to make it easier for me to understand her. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The Japanese people cannot fully demonstrate their anger because their
18、 language is not suitable for sniping at people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 From the linguistic perspective, Japanese drivers are cowards. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The Japanese insult each other by showing their respect in an ironic way. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
19、 Not mentioned 20 People in other languages may insult a woman with an expression meaning, literally, “a female dog“. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The word “Nick“ in the Arabic language is a curse. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 “Omaeno kaachan debeso“ is different from o
20、ther nasty expressions in Japanese in that it is insulting both in its literal meaning and in its practical use. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Stanford Un
21、iversity 1 Stanford University, famous as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called “the Harvard of the West. “The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor. 2 The
22、students are enrolled mainly from the western United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of thei
23、r high school classes. 3 Not only because of the high caliber of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the worlds most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch,
24、Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr Solzhenistsyn has been in residence. Stanfords undergraduate school of engineering and its gr
25、aduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded. 4 What is student life like on “The Farm“? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens, of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its
26、 outdoor theater .where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Unions coffee house (here the beverages and the at
27、mosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging. 5 In addition to financial support
28、 from alumni, Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years, government grants have made pos-sible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitious buildin
29、g program, financed in part by the Ford Foundations 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library. A Colorful life on the campus B Intelligent student body C School administr
30、ation D Distinguished faculty E Substantial financial support F The Harvard of the West 23 Paragraph _ 24 Paragraph _ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph _ 26 A they can find the best students B the universitys academic advancement and physical extension C some of the most distinguished scholars of the wor
31、ld D where a sports meet is held every year E must have been the top students in their class F must be hardworking 27 Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University_ 28 Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here_ 29 On the faculty of the university there are
32、_. 30 Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Preserve the Environment Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools
33、 of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to
34、build roads and railways. However, mans changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from fa
35、ctories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae(水藻 ) , fish and birds. The
36、 whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless. Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth. 31 Man has changed his physica
37、l environment with a view to_. （ A） altering the physical features of the earth （ B） modifying the face of the planet （ C） improving his surroundings （ D） bettering his way of life 32 According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by_. （ A） thousands of tons of gases coming out o
38、f the exhausts of motor vehicles （ B） the changes of the environment that technology has brought to man （ C） the increasing amount of oil that has been produced （ D） industrial wastes discharged into rivers 33 The ecological balance of the sea is lost when_. （ A） people consume more fish than they u
39、sed to （ B） the ecological balance of the river is lost （ C） large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed （ D） the production of marine petroleum is increased 34 Who would most probably disagree with conservationists? _ （ A） Industrialists. （ B） Ecologists. （ C） Businessmen. （ D） Environmentali
40、sts. 35 The purpose of the writer is_. （ A） to reduce modern technology （ B） to improve mans way of life （ C） to warn people not to change the natural environment （ D） to call attention to the protection of the natural environment 35 Who Wants to Live Forever? If your doctor could give you a drug th
41、at would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it? The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human
42、 life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams, spending time with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own. “Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term th
43、inking, “ says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health. “It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work. “ Longer lives dont just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. “We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues arou
44、nd, and I dont think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer, “ says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. “The question is What will we get as a society? I suspect it wont be a better society. “ It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more dif
45、ficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile fo
46、r longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents, or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation. Working life
47、 would also be affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age - skill, wisdom and good judgment. On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it mor
48、e difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss? Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which peopl
49、e lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people, and more on making life comfortable for the old. And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom, but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and l
