1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 42及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful articles in the market. （ A） batteries （ B） bargains （ C） baskets （ D） barrels 2 In previous times, when
2、 fresh meat was inadequate, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food. （ A） in short store （ B） in short provision （ C） in short reserve （ D） in short supply 3 The tomato juice left a brown stain on the front of my jacket. （ A） track （ B） trace （ C） spot （ D） point 4 A peculiarly poin
3、ted chin is his most memorable facial characteristic. （ A） mark （ B） feature （ C） trace （ D） appearance 5 Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong influence on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. （ A） motivation （ B） perspective （ C） impression （ D）
4、impact 6 I catch a cold now and then. （ A） always （ B） occasionally （ C） constantly （ D） regularly 7 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ability. （ A） capacity （ B） strength （ C） length （ D） possibility 8 The newspaper did not mention the degree of the
5、damage caused by the fire. （ A） range （ B） level （ C） extent （ D） quantity 9 Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first endeavor. （ A） intention （ B） attempt （ C） purpose （ D） desire 10 The manager got angry just because his secreta
6、ry was ten minutes late. （ A） lost his mood （ B） lost his temper （ C） lost his mind （ D） lost his passion 11 They bought the land in order to build a new office block. （ A） with a purpose to （ B） with a view to （ C） with a goal to （ D） with a reason to 12 Please give my best wishes to your family. （
7、 A） notice （ B） attention （ C） regards （ D） cares 13 A complete change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve. （ A） strict （ B） wide （ C） ever （ D） radical 14 She can speak French and German,let alone English. （ A） to say nothing of （ B） to speak nothing of （ C） to talk nothing of （ D）
8、 to tell nothing of 15 At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide scope of topics they were interested in. （ A） extent （ B） number （ C） collection （ D） range 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 L
9、ooking to help the environment? Consider the following simple ideas. Turn off electrical devices when theyre not being used. Turning off, rather than leaving on stand-by, things like your TV and computer will save huge amounts of energy. With this, we can all help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
10、 emitted into the earths atmosphere, thereby reducing pollution and global warming. Share your car. Rather than traveling to work alone, why not arrange car-sharing with one or more of your friends or colleagues? To give you an example, if you drive a fashionable car, you will use more energy in a y
11、ear than you would leaving your fridge open for seven years, or your TV on for thirty-two years! Imagine the savings if you shared your car with 2, 3 or even 4 other people! Refuse junk mail. While we all complain about how much junk mail we get, we very rarely do anything about it. The mail continu
12、es to go straight from our letter-boxes into the garbage binwith 99% of it not even opened. What can you do about this? There are various websites where you can register to receive no junk mail. As well as saving time, youll also be doing a lot for the environment. Each year, 100 million trees are u
13、sed to produce junk mail. 250,000 homes could be heated with one days supply of junk mail. There are many other everyday changes you can make to help the environment. They will cost you nothing, and many will actually save you money! Why not give it a try? We can all help, if we really want to. 16 B
14、y turning off a TV or computer thats not being used,you will save a lot of energy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Compared with fridge and TV,driving a car wastes a lot of energy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 We shouldnt buy a car since it wastes so much energy. （ A） Righ
15、t （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 99% junk mail is thrown into the garbage bin without being opened. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The only drawback of junk mail is that it wastes out time. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 You have to spend a lot of money to protect our env
16、ironment. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Even if we want to make some changes to help the environment, we can do nothing. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一 个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确
17、定一个最佳选项。 22 Facts about Stroke 1 Every 45 seconds, someone in America has a stroke. Every 3. 1 minutes, someone dies of one. Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2000 and is the nations third leading cause of death, ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer. Stroke is a le
18、ading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States. 2 Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的 )disease. It affects the arteries(动脉 )leading to and within the brain. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物 )to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块 )
19、or bursts. When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs, so it starts to die. 3 The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions. If a stroke occurs and blood flow cant reach the region that controls a particular body function, that part of
20、 the body wont work as it should. If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain, for instance, its likely that some disability involving vision will result. The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞 )and the extent of brain tissue affected. 4 The American Str
21、oke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke. The more risk factors a person has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke. Some of these you cant control,such as increasing age,family health history,race,and prior stroke. But you can change or treat
22、 other risk factors to lower your risk. Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare providers help. Some of these include: high blood pressure, current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count. 5 A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment. In fact ab
23、out 600,000 people have strokes every year. For many years, there was no hope for those suffering a stroke. However, recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments. For the treatments to work,the person must get to a hospital immediately. A Effects of a stroke B Annual cost of stroke in the US C De
24、finition and description of a stroke D Breakthroughs in treatment E Risk factors of stroke F Warning signs of a stroke 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A suffer from a stroke B will be affected C change their lifestyles D will take place E occurs at the back of his/
25、her brain F controls various body functions 27 When a stroke occurs, the arteries leading to and within the brain_. 28 A persons vision is likely to be affected if a stroke_. 29 Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they_. 30 New treatments are now available to people who_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45
26、题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Congratulations, It Will Be A Boy! Until just a few years ago, making a baby boy or a girl was pretty much a hit-or-miss affair. Not anymore. Parents who have access to the latest genetic testing techniques can now predetermine their babys sex w
27、ith great accuracy, as Monique and Scott Collins learned to their delight two years ago, when their long-wished-for daughter Jessica was born after genetic prescreening(基因筛 选 ). And baby Jessica is just the beginning. Within a decade or two, it may be possible to screen kids almost before conception
28、(怀孕 )for an enormous range of attributes(特性 ), such as how tall they are likely to be, what body type they will have, their hair and eye color, what sort of illness they will be naturally resistant to, and even, conceivably(可想见地 ), their IQ and personality type. In fact, if gene therapy lives up to
29、its promise, parents may someday be able to go beyond weeding out(筛去 )undesirable traits and start actually inserting the genes they want perhaps e-ven genes that have been crafted(创造 )in a lab. Before the new millennium is many years old, parents may be going to fertility clinics(生殖诊所 )and picking
30、from a list of options the way car buyers order air conditioning and chrome alloy(铬合金 )wheels. “It is the ultimate shopping experience: designing your baby,“ says biotechnology critic Jeremy Rifkin, who is appalled by the prospect. “But in a society used to cosmetic surgery(整容手术 ), this is not a big
31、 step. “ The prospect of designer(定制 )babies, like many of the ethnical conundrums(难题 )posed by the genetic revolution, is confronting the world so rapidly that doctors, ethicists(伦理学家 ), religious leaders and politicians are just starting to grapple with(与 进行格斗 )the implications and trying to decid
32、e how they feel about it all. They still have a bit of time. Aside from gender, the only traits they can now be identified at the earliest stages of development are about a dozen of the most serious genetic diseases. Gene therapy in embryos(胚胎 )is at least a few years away. And the gene or combinati
33、on of genes responsible for most of our physical and mental attributes has not even been identified yet. Besides, say clinicians, even if the techniques for making designer babies are perfected within the next decade, they should be applied in the service of disease prevention, not improving on natu
34、re. 31 What is gene therapy supposed to do if it lives up to its promise? （ A） Screen a baby for sex. （ B） Predetermine a babys sex. （ C） Insert genes. （ D） Identify genetic disorders. 32 What can scientists do now? （ A） Prescreen a babys sex. （ B） Screen babies for desirable attributes. （ C） Insert
35、 genes that parents want. （ D） Craft genes in a lab. 33 Which of the following best expresses Jeremy Rifkins attitude toward designing babies through gene therapy? （ A） Strongly supportive. （ B） Cautiously welcome. （ C） Uncommitted. （ D） Critical. 34 Which of the following statement is true? （ A） De
36、signing babies may cause ethical concerns. （ B） Designing babies is purely scientific and will not cause ethical problems. （ C） The prospect of designing babies has already led to strong criticism from various communities. （ D） People are concerned about the possible harm done to science by designin
37、g babies. 35 What does the author mean when he says, “They still have a bit of time. “ （ A） Designer babies will soon be a reality. （ B） Nature will be altered by designer babies. （ C） There is no need at the moment to be too worried about designer babies. （ D） Scientists are working against time to
38、 design baby. 35 Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those
39、 that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms(生物体 )that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is ada
40、pted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals(无机物 ). It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to m
41、ost plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with
42、 the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may c
43、reate its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals(哺乳动物 ), which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if condit
44、ions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. 36 Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may_. （ A） help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed （ B） survive even in extremely severe conditions （ C） become bett
45、er adapted to the environments than others of their kind （ D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms 37 In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by_. （ A） contexts （ B） surroundings （ C） neighbors （ D） enemies 38 It can be inferred from thi
46、s passage that the feathers of a bird are colored_. （ A） to frightened its enemies （ B） to attract its enemies （ C） to adjust its body heat （ D） to match its environment 39 Which of the following is NOT direcdy mentioned in the passage? （ A） A living thing may adapt in its structure. （ B） An organis
47、m may adapt in its function. （ C） A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup. （ D） A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit. 40 The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate that a living thing may have the ability_. （ A） to create an environment of its
48、 own （ B） to remain still when an enemy is near （ C） to make food from its inorganic chemicals （ D） to change the color of its skin 40 Natural Medicines Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease
49、 were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny(发亮的 )instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured. How? By ancient me
