1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 43及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 I wont tolerate that kind of behavior. （ A） bear （ B） receive （ C） admit （ D） take 2 This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language. （ A） particular （ B） characteristi
2、c （ C） remarkable （ D） idiomatic 3 The government is debating the education laws. （ A） discussing （ B） defeating （ C） delaying （ D） declining 4 The room was furnished with the simplest essentials,a bed,a chair,and a table. （ A） made （ B） grasped （ C） gathered （ D） supplied 5 Doctors are required to
3、keep patients records completely confidential. （ A） detailed （ B） accurate （ C） confident （ D） secret 6 Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior. （ A） explain （ B） change （ C） influence （ D） embody 7 I perceived a note of unhappiness in her voice. （ A） conceived （ B） deceived （ C） sensed
4、 （ D） took 8 Blend the sugar, eggs, and flour. （ A） stir （ B） mix （ C） match （ D） prepare 9 About one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer. （ A） every year （ B） severely （ C） actively （ D） every month 10 Police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the murder. （ A） stimuli （ B）
5、 target （ C） monotonous （ D） lengthy 11 His quest for eternal youth failed in the end. （ A） everlasting （ B） long （ C） monotonous （ D） lengthy 12 “I think youve made a mistake,“he said mildly. （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） sweetly 13 Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation. （ A） meager （
6、 B） extra （ C） plentiful （ D） steady 14 He was acquitted on charges of assault with a deadly weapon. （ A） worrying （ B） fatal （ C） serious （ D） contagious 15 The leaves have been swept into huge heaps. （ A） loads （ B） layers （ C） pyramids （ D） piles 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短
7、文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Stomach Ulcer Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they ma
8、y have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wound
9、s can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or sto
10、mach. This pain often is called heart burn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach t
11、issue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H. Pillorie. H. Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts sa
12、y the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa. Doctors sa
13、y a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce th
14、e amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives. 16 In the past, doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Now doctor
15、s can successfully cure stomach ulcers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments. （ A） Right （ B
16、） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There has been a change in doctors understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 People who eat a lot of spicy food are susceptible to stomac
17、h ulcers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Exercising Your Memory 1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by lett
18、ing your mind go. 2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term(less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), l
19、ong-term(over a period of years)and very long-term memory(over a lifetime). 3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7 , but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes more through life. Its not until the early teens(十几岁 )that most pe
20、ople develop a mature long-term memory. 4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty(生锈 )without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities(at least long-term enough to
21、get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat
22、more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually activereading, discussing, taking classes, thinking and those who do not. Giving the brain daily workout(锻炼 )is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strat
23、egies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention(记忆力 ), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost whether they still exist in the brain but our mental s
24、earching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the
25、 older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people. A Importance of staying intellectually active B Effects of aging on a persons re
26、call ability C Short-term memory versus long-term memory D Retention as the second necessity for memory E Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills F Significance of exercising your muscles 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4_ 25 Paragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 26 A for younger and older
27、 people B to the proper function of your memory C is called long-term memory D the capacity to store what you have learned E belongs to very long-term memory F the ability to remain mentally healthy 27 Retention refers to_. 28 The rate of forgetting is the same_. 29 Remembering something all your li
28、fe_. 30 Exercising your brain every day is beneficial_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 According to the most recent research on parenting, caretakers tend to use three strategies for disciplining children. Power includes the use of physical punishment such as
29、spanking or the threat of physical punishment, but parents can also demonstrate power by taking away a privilege such as using the car, attending a sporting event,or in the case of a very young child,playing with a favorite toy. In spite of the fact that power strategies, especially severe physical
30、punishment, can cause children to fear or even hate parents,its surprising that power remains the strategy used most often in disciplining children. Its also worth noting that children who are harshly disciplined in this way tend to be hostile, defiant, and aggressive socially. Second in popularity
31、after power is the withholding of affection. This can take the form of refusal to communicate with a child, threatening to abandon or reject the child, or otherwise treating children as though they were unworthy of love. Interesting enough, children disciplined in this way appear on the surface to b
32、e very self-disciplined, even model children who are seldom in trouble, but underneath, these same children are generally very nervous, insecure and dependent others to approve of and guide their evaluation of behavior. Finally, management techniques are employed for discipline. These begin with a s
33、et of rules that are clearly expressed at an age-appropriate level. To enforce the rules, parents use a combination of praise and approval with explanation and reasoning, always referring back to the rules. But regardless of the strategy, the behavior that has precipitated punishment should be clear
34、ly understood, and the consequences should be consistent. Key to any kind of discipline is a pattern of consistency so that children understand the relationship between the rules, their behavior, and the consequences. 31 According to the passage, parents generally use the following strategies to dis
35、cipline their children except_. （ A） power strategies （ B） withholding of affection （ C） praise （ D） management techniques 32 The most often used strategy in disciplining children is_. （ A） power strategies （ B） withholding of affection （ C） praise （ D） management techniques 33 Which of the followin
36、g statements is NOT true? （ A） Power strategies are used by a lot of parents because its very effective way to discipline children. （ B） Some children may appear to be very self-disciplined but actually very nervous and insecure. （ C） Consistency is very important to any kind of discipline. （ D） The
37、 rules parents set for their children should be age-appropriate. 34 Which of the following expression has the same meaning as the italicized word in line 3 “ privilege“ in Para. 2? （ A） School work. （ B） Fun time. （ C） A special advantage. （ D） Pocket money. 35 Which is the best title for the passag
38、e? （ A） Parent-Child Relationship. （ B） Strategies to Discipline Children. （ C） Childrens Psychology. （ D） How to be a Good Parent. 35 IQ-gene In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets ove
39、rlooked: no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a “ smart gene,“ you should look in smart kids. They there
40、fore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. “ We have,“ says Plomin, “the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence. “ Plo
41、mins colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each childs chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks o
42、n chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group 32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form o
43、f the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomins group fell for “ chopsticks fallacy“. Geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all theyve really found is a gene more
44、common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomins IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What is the gene that theyve found reflects ethnicity? “asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “ That alone might explain the
45、 link to intelligence , since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a childs environment. “ And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome , as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that mig
46、ht reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg: “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt. “ 36 In the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree_. （ A） how many children learn by experience （ B） how much of IQ
47、 comes from genes （ C） how many children inherit genes from parents （ D） how much of IQ comes from intelligence 37 What does “ some “ in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for? （ A） Parents. （ B） Children. （ C） Experiences. （ D） Genes. 38 A gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be_. （
48、 A） unrelated to the ability to use chopsticks （ B） related to the ability to use chopsticks （ C） unrelated to the ability to use forks （ D） related to the ability to use forks 39 Plomins IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that_. （ A） there may not be a causal link between ge
49、ne and intelligence （ B） there is a close correlation between gene and intelligence （ C） there may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academic score （ D） there is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academic score 40 What does Feinberg mean by saying “ I would take these findings with a whole box of salt“ ? （ A） He doubts the findings very much. （ B） He would consider them while shoppin
