1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Weve turned the smallest bedroom into a nursery which is bright and cheerful. （ A） colorful （ B） pleasant （ C） fashionable （ D） different 2 After the show, the crowd poured out of the theatre.
2、（ A） streamed （ B） flowed （ C） flooded （ D） moved 3 Einsteins theory of relativity is so abstruse that very few people can appreciate it. （ A） understand （ B） enjoy （ C） raise the value of （ D） be thankful for 4 The Faraday effect was the first demonstration of a connection between magnetism and lig
3、ht. （ A） questioning （ B） proof （ C） achievement （ D） symbol 5 All the children came through the cave safe and sound. （ A） safe and unharmed （ B） healthy （ C） frightened （ D） suffered 6 There is been competition between the two Motor car firms. （ A） cooperation （ B） contest （ C） dispute （ D） confere
4、nce 7 Salesmanship is the ability to sway people to willingly buy products or support new ideas. （ A） educate （ B） expect （ C） allow （ D） persuade 8 The employee was accused of stealing the money. （ A） charged with （ B） arrested （ C） convicted （ D） sentenced 9 He was faced with the harsh climate, wh
5、ich, with the help of his fellow countrymen, he finally overcame it. （ A） watched （ B） met （ C） was opposed of （ D） confronted 10 The prices of the commodities are quite stable these years. （ A） things （ B） goods （ C） article （ D） wealth 11 The fire dance is the climax of the ceremony of the Navajo
6、night chants. （ A） addition to （ B） high point in （ C） substitute for （ D） beginning of 12 I think you were wise to leave when you did. （ A） clever （ B） intelligent （ C） sensitive （ D） sensible 13 They wrote tales of princess and magic birds. （ A） plays （ B） legends （ C） stories （ D） novels 14 She w
7、as really frightfully ugly. （ A） charming （ B） unpleasant to look at （ C） fearful （ D） astonished 15 They walked through the great forest. （ A） tree （ B） woods （ C） grassland （ D） meadow 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有
8、提及，请选择 C。 16 Pain is something that everyone experiences at some time, to a greater of lesser degree(在或大或小的程度 ) Chronic or long-term pain, however, is in a category(种类，范畴 )of its own. This is the kind of pain that dominates and pervades(蔓延，渗透 )the life of the sufferer. Relent- less(持续的 ), grinding,
9、exhausting pain, from which there is no escape(无法逃避的 ). Most individuals who experience this kind of pain are paraplegics(截瘫患者 )and tetrap1egics(四肢麻痹患者 ). These people, despite their disabilities, would often be capable of leading fulfilled and happy lives were it not for the fact(要不是 /如果没有这一事实 ) th
10、at they suffer this terrible and debilitating(使衰弱 )pain on an almost continuous basis. To date(到目前为止 ), treatment has been mainly in the form of heavy drug therapy, which produces unpleasant side effects. But there has been a breakthrough in pain control. A new device, SPES(Sub Perception Electro St
11、imulation) (不知觉电刺激 ), should radically (根本地 ) improve quality of life for many chronic pain sufferers. Professor I for Cape l, scientist and inventor, has conducted clinical trials of SPES on chronic pain sufferers with extremely encouraging results. SPES works by transmitting electrical signals con
12、trolled by microprocessors(微型信息处理机 ), in particular patterns across the brain, using tiny electrodes(电板 ) attached to the patients earlobes. These signals stimulate chemical messages from the hypothalamus(下丘脑 ), the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions. As a result, a hormonal relea
13、se is triggered, which alters the perception of pain. “The pain is still there“, says Professor Cape l “but SPES helps you live with(接受某种局面 )it. We are using .the bodys natural ability to cope with pain.“ The treatment is painless and convenient, lasting for about an hour a day. The equipment is por
14、table, so the person using it can move around comfortably. Other benefits are that it is non-addictive(不成瘾的 ) and the patient does not build up a tolerance(忍受 )to SPES. It can be used at home without medical supervision. SPES should not, however, be used by pregnant women, epileptics(癫病患者 ), people
15、who have pacemakers fitted(装上起搏器 )and those who are taking certain prescribed drugs. 16 It is reported that only a part of people experience in their life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Paraplegics and tetrap1egics are people who most easily experience relentless and exhausting pain. （
16、 A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 To illustrate how SPES works, scientists performed an experiment on an animal. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Professor I for Cape has conducted a series of clinical trials of SPES on acute pain sufferers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mention
17、ed 20 Hypothalamus is the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 When a hormonal release is triggered, it will reduce the production of pain. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The new device, SPES, is portable and can the used at
18、home without medical super- vision. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Antibiotics are drugs produced by certain microbes. Antibiotic substances are obtained f
19、rom bacteria and fungi that live in the air, soil, and water. Most antibiotics are used by physicians to fight various diseases caused by harmful microbes. A few are used to treat certain cancers. Antibiotics are sometimes called“ wonder drugs because they can cure many diseases that once were often
20、 fatal. The number of deaths that are caused by pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined drastically since people began using antibiotics. 2. There are more than 70 clinically useful antibiotics, Antibiotics fight pathogenic microbes and cancer cells by interfering with their normal cell processes.
21、In most cases, this interference can occur in one of three ways: prevention of cell wall formation, disruption of the cell membrane, and disruption of chemical processes. 3. The contents of bacterial cells are enclosed in a membrane that is surrounded by a rigid wall that prevents the cells from spl
22、itting open. Penicillins and some other antibiotics destroy pathogenic microbes by hindering the formation of this wall. Human cells do not have nor need rigid cell walls and so are not damaged by these antibiotics. 4. Some antibiotics, including nystatin, disrupt the cell membrane of certain microb
23、es. This membrane controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. If the membrane is disrupted, vital nutrients may escape from the cell, or poisonous substances may enter and kill the cell. But the membranes of human cells are not affected because these antibiotics disrupt cell membranes
24、 that contain elements found only in microbial cells. 5. All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids, which are vital to the life of any organism. Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with the chemical processes by which these substances are produced.For example, streptomycin prevent certa
25、in kinds of microbes from producing proteins, and rifampin interferes with the formation of nucleic acids. Human cells produce proteins and nucleic acids in much the same way that microbial cells do. But these processes differ enough so that some antibiotics interfere with chemical activities in mic
26、robial cells but not in human cells. 23 A. Autibiotics destroy pathosenic microbes by preventing the formation of the walls surrounding the membranes of the microbial cells that prevent the cells from split- ting open. B. More than 70 clinically useful antibiotics have been in- vented to fight patho
27、genic microbes and cancer cells by interacting with their normal cell processes. C. Human cells are not surrounded by a membrane D. Some antibiotics disrupt the cell membrane of certain microbes, letting vital nutrients to escape form the cell or poisonous substances to enter and kill the cell. E. N
28、ystatin is used to disrupt the wall surrounding the membrane. F. Some antibiotics fight disease by interfering with chemical activities in microbial cells but not in human cells. 23 Paragraph 2_。 24 Paragraph 3_。 25 Paragraph 4_。 26 Paragraph 5_。 27 A. antibiotics disrupt cell membranes that contain
29、 elements found only in microbial cells B. people began using antibiotics C. wonder drugs D. Penicillin may destroy normal cells of human beings E. vital to the life of any organism F. disruption of the cell membrane 27 Antibiotics cure diseases that used to be incurable, so they are sometimes calle
30、d 28 The number of people who died from pneumonia and scarlet fever has declined since 29 The membranes of human cells can not be disrupted because 30 All cells produce proteins and nucleic acids which are 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 The Hammersmith Hospita
31、l in West London, home of the Royal Post-graduate Medical School has been the scene(发生地点 ) of many innovations in medicine. It is now home(中心地 ,根据地 ) to the most expensive and ambitious medical technology project ever in Britain, which this year will make the Hammersmith the worlds first fully digit
32、al hospital. The paper-free office brought about by computerization and modern information technology is familiar to(为 所 熟悉 ) many office workers today. It has taken longer for the same technology to be applied to medical imaging(医学影像学 ), because of the immense computing power and high cost o the eq
33、uipment required. But now the Hammersmith is becoming the first hospital in which all imaging data- X-rays, ultrasonic ,CT and MRI images-are stored not on cumbersome, inflammable films but as digital data on optical discs. The first consequence of this can be seen in the air-conditioned computer ro
34、om in the new building, where two compact(坚实的 ,结实的 ) cabinets each about as tall as a man and 0.6m wide are ready to store every X-ray and scan made at the Hammersmith in the next 16 years on optical discs(光盘 ). Space saving is the most obvious but not the most important advantage of the digital h6s
35、pital. A consultant conducting a clinic with a workstation linked by fibre optics(光纤 ) to the data store has no need of cumbersome trolleys loaded with patients X-rays. The new technology considerably reduces the exposure to ionizing (电离的 ) radiation needed to get pictures doctors need, correspondin
36、g to reducing the slight but inevitable health risk that come with repeated X-rays. X-rays record their images on fluorescent(荧光的 ) plates, lasers read off and store the data and the plates are wiped clean to use again. This requires less radiation than conventional(常规的 ) imaging. The ability to enh
37、ance imaging also reduces the need for extra exposures. Another advantage is that any stored image can be sent to any of the hospitals 138 workstations in four seconds(soon that will come down(降落 ) to two seconds). Soon it will be possible to send it direct to other hospitals, or to computer screens
38、 in GPs(全科医生 ) clinics. PACS(图像存档通讯系统 ) is the most expensive single medical technology project ever funded in UK. Most of the money has come from the Department of Health, which has realized that it will benefit patients at the Hammersmith Hospital and those referred from elsewhere, in terms of(按照
39、) better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment. Another technique uses radio a belled(用放射性同位素示踪的 ) white blood cells to guide doctors to the sites of hidden abscesses(脓肿 ) or other trouble spots. In the most innovative technique of all, interventional(干预的 ,介入的 ) radiology, doctors use tiny inst
40、ruments at the ends of fine catheters(导管 ), inserted deep into the body under local anaesthetic, to perform a growing amount of microsurgery, viewed by surgeonsand patients if appropriate in extremely clear detail. Every scrap(碎片 ,段 ) of unwanted image is electronically edited off the screen by the
41、computer. The Hammersmith Hospital is also pioneering interventional radiography, in which doctor carry out microsurgery at the same time as they image the patients organs in minute detail. The blocking or unblocking of arteries to prevent damage due to bleeding or thrombosis(血栓形成 ) is among the con
42、ditions now being treated in this way. 31 The Hammersmith Hospital_. （ A） is located in the west of London （ B） takes the lead in medical innovations （ C） has more advanced and modern medical technology than any other hospital in Britain. （ D） all of the above 32 A “digital hospital “means_. （ A） di
43、agnosis and treatment are conducted by computers. （ B） all imaging data are stored as digital data on optical discs. （ C） X-ray, ultrasonic, CT and MRI images are kept by the patients. （ D） all imaging data are stored on cumbersome, inflammable films. 33 At the Hammersmith Hospital,_. （ A） every pat
44、ient must take a CT scan. （ B） space saving is the most important advantage. （ C） there is no need of storing patients X-rays on the films. （ D） all patients X-rays will be stored for 16 years. 34 Any stored image at the Hammersmith can be sent to_. （ A） any of the hospitals workstations （ B） other
45、hospitals （ C） computer screens in GPs clinics （ D） all of the above 35 What can you infer from the passage? （ A） Few hospitals have equipment as modern as the Hammersmith Hospital in the world. （ B） Digital hospitals are becoming popular in the world now. （ C） Japan and the US are the most advanced
46、 countries in medicine. （ D） Better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment are what the researchers seek for. 36 The primary consideration in achieving a balanced diet is not how much or how little we eat, but what we eat. The body is a highly complex self-generator, that is to say, provided it
47、is given the right fuel, it is capable of both curing and warding off disease. Like any other machine, however, if it is inexpertly cared for, over-taxed or insufficiently used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. The proper care of the body
48、 requires an understanding of its needs, allowing for variations resulting from climate, age or occupation. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies burn food like fuel to produce the energy we need.Basica
49、lly we need carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals, together with regular but not excessive exercise. Carbohydrates are found in foods such as bread, potatoes and sugar. They are excel- lent energy producers, but if eaten too excess may be largely converted to fat and a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates or “starchy foods is one of the obvious ways to reduce weight, since most of us eat too much of them anyway. Protein, found in meat and cheese, is used for tissue building and in th
