1、职称英语（卫生类） C级模拟试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was close to success. （ A） fast （ B） quick （ C） near （ D） tight 2 The two girls look alike. （ A） beautiful （ B） similar （ C） pretty （ D） attractive 3 The boy is intelligent. （ A） clever （
2、B） naughty （ C） difficult （ D） active 4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back. （ A） sorry （ B） sad （ C） angry （ D） happy 5 What is your goal in life? （ A） plan （ B） aim （ C） arrangement （ D） idea 6 Jack was dismissed. （ A） fired （ B） fined （ C） exhausted （ D） criticized 7 John is crazy about pop music
3、. （ A） sorry （ B） mad （ C） concerned （ D） worried 8 It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull. （ A） frightens （ B） scares （ C） arouses （ D） confuses 9 It is highly unlikely that she will arrive today. （ A） probably （ B） very （ C） hardly （ D） possibly 10 I am feeling a lot m
4、ore healthy than I was. （ A） many （ B） no （ C） much （ D） some 11 Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat. （ A） eat （ B） cook （ C） freeze （ D） keep 12 We packed up the things we had accumulated (积累 ) over the last three years and left. （ A） late （ B） recent （ C） past （ D）
5、final 13 The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning. （ A） bottom of the mountain （ B） foot of the mountain （ C） top of the mountain （ D） starting point 14 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. （ A） beats （ B） destroys （
6、C） maintains （ D） defends 15 The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close. （ A） stated （ B） said （ C） suggested （ D） announced 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的 是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Smoking Since 1939, nume
7、rous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a sho
8、rtened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher dea
9、th rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute pa
10、rticles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. F
11、ilters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 16 It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Smoking reduces ones life expectancy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
12、（ C） Not mentioned 18 Smoking may induce lung cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. （ A） Right （ B）
13、Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Nicotine is poisonous. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项
14、中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Earthquake Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma t
15、o the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. These are about a million quakes a year. Fortun
16、ately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9, major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upward from 6.0. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaki
17、ng of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting f
18、rom earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. Certain ph
19、enomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before earthquakes happen. 23 A. Earthquakes for
20、ecast B. Historical records of earthquakes C. Intensities of earthquakes D. Cause of earthquakes E. Indications of earthquakes F. Damaging earthquakes 23 paragraph 2_. 24 paragraph 3_. 25 paragraph 4_. 26 paragraph 5_. 27 A. the quake itself B. accurate prediction C. damage of property and loss of l
21、ives D. a possible earthquake E. the unusual behaviors of some animals F. the strong behaviors of human beings 27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused by_. 28 Not all earthquakes are strong enough to cause_. 29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people of_. 30 Earthquakes can be pred
22、icted by observing_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 What Is Death? People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not
23、 die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain st
24、ops. But is this life? This question has caused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors
25、to speed removal (切除 ) of undiseased (没病的 ) organs for transplant (移植 ) operations. The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell exp
26、erts say it usually is easy to tell when the brain has died. They put small electrodes (电极 ) on a persons skull (头骨 ) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brai
27、n receives messages from the nerve cells. The brain is dead when the waves stop moving. Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted. 31 People in the past held that the differe
28、nce between life and death_. （ A） was easy to tell （ B） did not exist （ C） lay in the brain （ D） was open to debate 32 Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon mentioned in the passage? （ A） The heart may keep beating after the brain has died. （ B） The body may still be alive after the heart and t
29、he brain have stopped working. （ C） The brain may still be active after the heart has stopped beating. （ D） The lung may keep breathing after the brain has died. 33 When a person should be considered dead is currently a matter_. （ A） which has caused heated argument in the US （ B） which few people i
30、n the US care much about （ C） which only doctors can settle （ D） which has already been settled 34 The brain controls the other body activities through_. （ A） medical devices （ B） small electrodes （ C） he brain waves （ D） the nerve cells 35 More and more people are beginning to accept the idea that
31、a person is dead_. （ A） when the heart stops beating （ B） when the brain becomes less active （ C） when doctors stop medical treatment （ D） when the brain stops working 36 Stress Level Tied to Education Level People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current
32、 issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health. From this researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you
33、 are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent
34、of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people are less healthy on a dally basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health.“ lead researcher D
35、r. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“ Grzywacz suggested follow-up res
36、earch to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic. “If something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor.“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“ stressor n. 紧张性刺激 devastating adj. 毁灭性的 follow-up n. (对病人的 ) 随访
37、 36 Stress level is closely related to_. （ A） family size （ B） social status （ C） body weight （ D） work experience 37 The 1, 031 adults were interviewed_. （ A） on a dally basis for 8 days （ B） during one of eight days （ C） all by Grzywacz （ D） in groups 38 Which group reported the biggest number of
38、stressful days? （ A） People without any education. （ B） People without high school degrees. （ C） People with high school degrees. （ D） People with college degrees. 39 The less advantaged people are, the greater （ A） the impact of stress on their health is （ B） the effect of education on their health
39、 is （ C） the level of their education is （ D） the degree of their health concern is 40 Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because （ A） they dont want to tell the truth （ B） they dont want to face the truth （ C） stress is too common a factor in their life （ D） their stress is m
40、ore acute 41 Late-night Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the day will play havoc with you sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that send people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start t
41、o rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., before falling again. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Manrice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiklogy Research Center at Stanford University in
42、California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same a
43、mount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual- and jigged around in twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke t
44、he volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakers were half those in decaf drinkers. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep
45、 Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme the drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decal after lunch. 41 The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that
46、_. （ A） melatonin levels need to be raised （ B） neurohormone can wake us up （ C） coffee is stimulant （ D） decaf is a caffeinated coffee 42 Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? （ A） Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production. （ B） Caffeine interrup
47、ts the flow of sleep hormone. （ C） Caffeine halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone. （ D） Caffeine stays in the body for many hours. 43 What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? （ A） Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decal on sleep. （ B） Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caff
48、eine. （ C） The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf. （ D） The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep. 44 What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? （ A） There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers urine sample. （ B） There are more me
49、latonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers urine sample. （ C） Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin. （ D） Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone. 45 The author of this passage probably agrees that_. （ A） coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee （ B） we should not drink coffee after supper （ C） people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a.m. （ D） if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately 五、 补全短
