1、职称英语（卫生类） C级模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The nursery is bright and cheerful. （ A） pleasant （ B） clean （ C） peaceful （ D） large 2 This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages. （ A） never （ B） rarely
2、（ C） often （ D） only 3 People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy. （ A） fetched （ B） carried （ C） attracted （ D） pushed 4 The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle. （ A） placed （ B） showed （ C） pointed （ D） decided 5 How do you account for your absence from th
3、e class last Thursday? （ A） explain （ B） examine （ C） choose （ D） expand 6 About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories. （ A） third （ B） fourth （ C） tenth （ D） fifteenth 7 She was grateful to him for being so good to her. （ A） careful （ B） hateful （ C） beautiful （ D） tha
4、nkful 8 There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt. （ A） result （ B） judgement （ C） estimation （ D） event 9 He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want. （ A） sure （ B） angry （ C） doubtful （ D） worried 10 The last few weeks have been enjoyable. （ A） clo
5、se （ B） near （ C） past （ D） several 11 What were the consequences of the decision she had made? （ A） reasons （ B） results （ C） causes （ D） bases 12 They didnt realize how serious the problem was. （ A） know （ B） forget （ C） doubt （ D） remember 13 We shall keep the money in a secure place. （ A） clean
6、（ B） secret （ C） distant （ D） safe 14 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city. （ A） attacked （ B） surprised （ C） attracted （ D） interested 15 The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its centre. （ A） get rid of （ B） set up （ C） repair （ D） paint 二、 阅读
7、判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are
8、a year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake: To test the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 4
9、5 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like “oo“, another like “ee“ and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG(脑电图 ) recording of the infan
10、ts brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,
11、 while the others listened to the other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound ev
12、en when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off“ their cerebral cortex(大脑皮层 )whi
13、le they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life, she adds so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours
14、to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders. 16 Babies can learn even in their sleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 An infant can recognize a lot of sounds by the time he or she is a year old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Finnish vow
15、els are easy to distinguish. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study shows that the infants cerebral cortex stops working while he is asleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not me
16、ntioned 21 Cheours has found how babies accomplish this nighttime learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Cheours finding can help babies learn language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择 一个最佳
17、标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Face Masks May not Protect from Super-flu 1. If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No resul
18、ts have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. 2. But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic.So the Centers for Disease Cont
19、rol and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere,“ said the CDC.“The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.“ 3. When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three
20、 following situations. First, youre healthy and cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second, youre sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but stil
21、l need to go out. 4. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced.Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily
22、 from person to person. 5. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why cant mask added to this self-protection list? Be- cause they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough
23、or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid? masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. 6. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone
24、covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed.Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe th
25、at sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their, users. 7. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask
26、 research scientists are still doing. 23 A. Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection List B. Effort to Stop Flu Spreading C. When to Use Face Masks D. Guidelines on Mask Use E. Warnings from the CDC F. Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 P
27、aragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 27 The scientists are trying to find oust if masks may or may not_. A. overuse face masks B. deal with the mask problem seriously C. rub their faces and noses in the subway D. protest against the mask guidelines E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. annou
28、nce the results of their mask research 27 The scientists are trying to find oust if masks may or may not_. 28 The CDC is afraid that the public may_. 29 The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists_. 30 We can infer from the passage that the US authorities_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题
29、3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 What Is Death? People in the past did not question the difference between life and death. They could see that a person died when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that the body does not die immediately when the heart stops beat
30、ing. They discovered that we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the difference between life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medical devices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brain stops. But is this life? This question has c
31、aused much debate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says a person is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead when brain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law would permit doctors to speed removal (切除 ) of undiseased (没病的
32、) organs for transplant (移植 ) operations. The brain is made of thousands of millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemical and electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the other body activities. Nerve-cell experts say it is usually easy to tell when t
33、he brain has died. They put small electrodes (电极 ) on a persons skull (头骨 ) to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. These brain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move up and down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells.
34、The brain is dead when the waves stop moving. Although there are people who oppose the idea of a law on brain block for various reasons, the idea of brain wave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted. 31 People in the past held that the difference between life and death （ A） did not exi
35、st. （ B） was easy to tell. （ C） lay in the brain. （ D） was open to debate. 32 Which of the following is NOT a phenomenon mentioned in the passage? （ A） The body may still be alive after the heart and the brain have stopped working. （ B） The heart may keep beating after the brain has died. （ C） The b
36、rain may still be active after the heart has stopped beating. （ D） The lung may keep breathing after the brain has died. 33 33 When a person should be considered dead is currently a matter （ A） which few people in the US care much about. （ B） which has caused heated argument in the US. （ C） which on
37、ly doctors can settle. （ D） which has already been settled. 34 The brain controls the other body activities through （ A） medical devices. （ B） small electrodes. （ C） the nerve cells. （ D） the brain waves. 35 More and more people are beginning to accept the idea that a person is dead （ A） when the he
38、art stops beating. （ B） when the brain becomes less active. （ C） when the brain stops working. （ D） when doctors stop medical treatment. 36 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing about people - not their clothes, ideas, or languages - has changed as much as what they eat. The ori
39、ginal chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree (可可树 ) by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became importa
40、nt meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine (饥荒 )“ of
41、 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important cro
42、p in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s. According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a
43、coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake“ feeling that one third of the worlds population now starts the day with. 36 According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years? （ A） Food. （ B） Clothing. （ C） Ideology. （ D） Language. 37 37 “Some“ in
44、the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to （ A） some cocoa trees. （ B） some chocolate drinks. （ C） some shops. （ D） some South American Indians. 38 Thousands of Irish people starved during the “Potato Famine“ because （ A） they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eat anything e
45、lse. （ B） they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America. （ C） the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing potatoes. （ D） the potato harvest was bad. 39 Which country is the largest coffee producer? （ A） Brazil. （ B） Colombia. （ C） Ethiopia. （ D） Egypt. 40 Which of
46、the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? （ A） One third of the worlds population drinks coffee. （ B） Coffee is native to Colombia. （ C） Coffee can keep one awake. （ D） Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs. 41 Giving Up Smoking A number of devices are available to help a pers
47、on quit smoking. Nicotine (尼古丁 ) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive (粘着性的 ) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbed through the skin and enters the bloodstream (血流 ). Over time, the nicotine dose is reduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum
48、 (口香糖 ) works in a similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed (咀嚼 ). The benefits of giving up smoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smoker and easier admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. In a 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeo
49、n General declared cigarette smoking to be more harmful and expensive than the use of cocaine (可卡因 ), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim. The United States government has collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rose from 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. In other developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from 50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percen
