1、职称英语（卫生类） C级模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 It is ridiculous to dispute about such things. （ A） foolish （ B） shocking （ C） frightening （ D） amusing 2 It was obvious that she was not going home. （ A） evident （ B） necessary （ C） possible
2、（ D） probable 3 He replied that this was absolutely impossible. （ A） stated （ B） answered （ C） said （ D） claimed 4 He confesses that he has done it. （ A） agrees （ B） alleges （ C） admits （ D） answers 5 He lacked the strength to deal with all these problems. （ A） think of （ B） talk about （ C） copy dow
3、n （ D） cope with 6 He purchased a ticket and went up on the top deck, （ A） bought （ B） took （ C） showed （ D） made 7 Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank, （ A） written （ B） changed （ C） moved （ D） reported 8 He looks like a crazy man. （ A） lazy （ B） patient （ C） mad （ D
4、） happy 9 We cannot permit such conduct. （ A） movement （ B） words （ C） principle （ D） behavior 10 She started to clean the kitchen, （ A） stopped （ B） began （ C） continued （ D） kept 11 John talked over the new job offer with his wife. （ A） discussed （ B） mentioned （ C） accepted （ D） rejected 12 I rar
5、ely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. （ A） normally （ B） continuously （ C） seldom （ D） usually 13 We explored the possibility of closer trade links at the conference. （ A） rejected （ B） investigated （ C） proposed （ D） postponed 14 He often finds fault with my work. （ A） criti
6、cizes （ B） praises （ C） evaluates （ D） talks about 15 They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means. （ A） complete （ B） determine （ C） untie （ D） solve 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出 判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Chewing Gum The
7、 practice of chewing, gum (口香糖 ) has been with us for more than a century. Millions of people all over the world chew billions of pieces of gum every year. Chewing gum became popular in the United States mainly because of the work of one man, William Wrigley, who for many years was head of the Wrigl
8、ey Company. Earlier, Thomas Adams first began to experiment with chewing gum in about the year 1870. It was he who first made gum softer and pleasant to chew. But it was not until Wrigley entered the business in about 1890 that people everywhere began to learn about chewing gum and to use it widely.
9、 Wrigley liked to do things in a big way. In his first year, he borrowed money and spent more than a million dollars on advertising. For years, there was a large Wrigleys advertisement in every streetcar (有轨电车 ) in the United States. People complained that they could not go anywhere without seeing W
10、rigleys name. Wrigley even sent, free of charge, pieces of gum to every person in the telephone book of every city and town in the United States. Finally, he began to advertise that it was good for the health to chew gum and that it helped to keep the teeth clean. He used to send free gum to every c
11、hild in the United States on his second birthday. He employed young women who, in beautiful dresses, would go from city to city in groups of four or five, stand on street corners, and give free chewing gum to every person who passed by. In this way, each woman gave away about five thousand pieces of
12、 Wrigleys gum every day. As a result of this continuous advertising, people in the United States naturally began to buy more and more chewing gum. 16 William Wrigley first started to experiment with chewing gum. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 William Wrigley liked to do things in a big
13、way. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 William Wrigley sent free gum to every pretty woman in the US. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Americans had been chewing gum since before Thomas Adams was born. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Americans began to chew more and
14、more gum mainly because of Wrigleys continuous advertising. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Building Wrigley empire took not only time and money, but creativity and business sense. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Following the success of chewing gum, schools handed out gum to
15、 school children. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Health Education 1. Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy b
16、ehavior. A persons behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养 ) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人 ) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individua
17、ls can solve and prevent many of their own problems. 2. Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫 ) :scientists have made many vaccines (疫 苗 ) to prevent diseases, but this achievemen
18、t is of no value unless people to go receive the immunization. 3. Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of heal
19、th education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education. 4. Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health be
20、havior such as availability (可获性 ) of resouces, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their he
21、alth. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves. 5. Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with fa
22、milies, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life. 23 A. Relationship Between Health Education and Health Information B. What Is Health Education? C. Relationship Between Health Educa
23、tion and other Health Services D. Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E. Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F. What Does Health Education Mainly Do? 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 27 A. promoting health B. health information C. lead a healthy life D. health
24、y behavior E. change unhealthy behavior F. other health services 27 Health education promotes 28 Health education encourages behavior 29 Health education are different from 30 Health education tries to enable each individual to 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 M
25、edical journals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some
26、journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals p
27、ublish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare out comes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific
28、topic based on a careful search of the medical literature, Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or
29、 treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a re- search or rev
30、iew article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic.Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments ,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journa
31、l. 31 The main readers of medical journals are （ A） the general public （ B） health professionals. （ C） medical critics. （ D） news reporters. 32 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Many medical journals also publish online. （ B） A few medical journals are general medical journals. （ C
32、） Most medical journals publish only online. （ D） Most medical journals are specialty journals. 33 How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage: （ A） Five. （ B） Seven. （ C） Four. （ D） Six. 34 An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called （ A） a r
33、esearch article. （ B） a review article. （ C） a case report. （ D） an editorial. 35 Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on （ A） any medical event. （ B） articles published in the same issue. （ C） articles published in that journal. （ D） medical development. 36
34、Need for Emphasis on Treatment AIDS programs in developing countries put little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AID
35、S, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. “Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,“ the WHO said in the t69-page World Heal
36、th Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for suffers in AIDS programs. “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,“ Lee said. “By tackling it decisively we will also be b
37、uilding health systems that can meet the health needs of to- day and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss, “he adds. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $ 10,000 when the drugs were first developed,
38、 has dropped to about $150. Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available. Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduce
39、s the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries. 36 Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries? （ A） They put too little emphasis on treatment. （ B） They are n
40、ot receiving any treatment. （ C） They refuse to be treated. （ D） They live longer than those in developed countries, 37 The WHO publishes its World Health Report （ A） once every two years. （ B） once a decade. （ C） once a year. （ D） twice a year. 38 According to Lee, our response to AIDS disease is （
41、 A） a matter of great significance. （ B） a matter of little significance. （ C） overemphasized （ D） timely. 39 AIDS treatment programs may also result in （ A） better drugs. （ B） lower yearly cost. （ C） more effective prevention. （ D） greater emphasis on treatment. 40 How many people have died of AIDS
42、 so far? （ A） 36 million. （ B） 46 million. （ C） around 440,000. （ D） more than 20 million. 41 Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptatio
43、n. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting, the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each livi
44、ng thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food fr
45、om inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies, Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look
46、 like steal or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their developm
47、ent and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ,ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather; Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an org
48、anism is so well adapted to a particular, environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions; 41 Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may （ A） help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things neede
49、d.: （ B） survive even in extremely severe condition. （ C） become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind. （ D） result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms, 42 In the first paragraph, the word “environments“ could best be replaced by （ A） contexts. （ B） surroundings （ C） neighbors“. （ D） enemies. 43 It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of. a bird can be colored? （ A） to frightened its enemies. （ B） to, attract its enemies. （ C） to adjust its body heat. （ D） to
