1、职称英语（卫生类） C 级模拟试卷 23 及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定 1 个意义最为接近选项。 1 I have been trying to quit smoking. （ A） give up （ B） pick up （ C） build up （ D） take up 2 Relief workers were shocked by what they saw. （ A） moved （ B） touched （ C） surprised （ D） wor
2、ried 3 The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. （ A） question （ B） problem （ C） title （ D） topic 4 This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. （ A） particular （ B） characteristic （ C） remarkable （ D） idiomatic 5 It is virtually impossible to persuad
3、e him to apply for the job. （ A） simply （ B） almost （ C） totally （ D） completely 6 These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears. （ A） stem （ B） rely （ C） develop （ D） grow 7 Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others. （ A） easy （ B） possibl
4、e （ C） likely （ D） difficult 8 They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days. （ A） possibility （ B） necessity （ C） ability （ D） probability 9 We have never seen such gorgeous hills. （ A） beautiful （ B） stretching （ C） spreading （ D） rolling 10 The leaves have been swept into huge heaps
5、. （ A） loads （ B） layers （ C） pyramids （ D） piles 11 The news will horrify everyone. （ A） attract （ B） terrify （ C） tempt （ D） excite 12 The article sketched the major events of the decade. （ A） described （ B） offered （ C） outlined （ D） presented 13 I wont tolerate that kind of behavior. （ A） bear （
6、 B） receive （ C） admit （ D） take 14 Their style of playing football is utterly different. （ A） barely （ B） scarcely （ C） hardly （ D） totally 15 Her sister urged her to apply for the job. （ A） advised （ B） caused （ C） forced （ D） promised 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句
7、子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but theyve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old, they can recognize a lot of sounds and ev
8、en simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake: To test the theory, Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives. Th
9、ey exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like “oo“, another like “ee“ and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG(脑电图 ) recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that th
10、e newborns could not distinguish the sounds. Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to the other, easier-to-di
11、stinguish vowel sounds. When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies whod heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the othe
12、r babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all. Cheour doesnt know how babies accomplish this nighttime learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies dont “turn off“ their cerebral cortex(大脑皮层 )while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course
13、 of the first years of life, she addsso forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at
14、 risk of language disorders. 16 Babies can learn even in their sleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 An infant can recognize a lot of sounds by the time he or she is a year old. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
15、） Not mentioned 19 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The study shows that the infants cerebral cortex stops working while he is asleep. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Cheours has found how babies accomplish thi
16、s nighttime learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Cheours finding can help babies learn language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分 ) 下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务： (1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 F
17、ace Masks May not Protect from Super-flu 1. If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. How
18、ever, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. 2. But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemic.So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with prelimin
19、ary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere,“ said the CDC.“The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.“ 3. When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three following situations. First, youre healthy an
20、d cant avoid going to a crowded place. Second, youre sick and think you may have close contract with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone whos sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but still need to go out. 4. Influenza pandemics can s
21、trike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced.Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easily from person to person. 5. During the flu pand
22、emic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contract with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why cant mask added to this self-protection list? Be- cause they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or sneeze. Simple surgical masks only filter t
23、he larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid? masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. 6. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a sneeze with his or her hand, then tou
24、ches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, youve been exposed.Its harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sweat, and may transfer germs caught on the
25、 outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their, users. 7. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research scientists are still doing. 23 A. Re
26、asons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection List B. Effort to Stop Flu Spreading C. When to Use Face Masks D. Guidelines on Mask Use E. Warnings from the CDC F. Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 5_ 26 Paragraph 6_ 27 The scientists
27、are trying to find oust if masks may or may not_. A. overuse face masks B. deal with the mask problem seriously C. rub their faces and noses in the subway D. protest against the mask guidelines E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. announce the results of their mask research 27 The
28、scientists are trying to find oust if masks may or may not_. 28 The CDC is afraid that the public may_. 29 The public will not know the answer about masks until scientists_. 30 We can infer from the passage that the US authorities_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分 ) 下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1
29、个最佳选项。 31 US States Do Poorly in Womens Health Not a single US state meets basic federal goals for womens health, and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas mammograms (乳腺 X 光照片 ) and dental (牙齿的 ) check-upresearchers said on Thursday. Millions of women lack health insurance, and states mak
30、e it difficult to enroll(加入 )in Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance plan for the poor, according to the report. And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smokingthe leading cause of death in the United States. “The nation as a whole and the individual States fall shor
31、t of meeting national goals,“ reads the report put together by the National Womens Law Center and the Oregon Health Science University. “These health goals provide a road map for assessing the status of Womens health.“ Of 27 measures examined by the group, from screening for diseases to actually tre
32、ating them, the nation passes on only two, the researchers said.“The nation is so far from the health goals that it receives an overall grade of unsatisfactory,“ they wrote. The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general, the NWLC said. “State policy makers piec
33、emeal (一件一件做的 ) approach to our health care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women, “Judy Waxman, NWLC Vice President for Health, said in a statement. “Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive, long-term approach to meeting womens heal
34、th needs and tackle this serious problem that troubles so many families.“ 31 In which area is successful in the nation? （ A） Health awareness. （ B） Dental check-ups. （ C） Screening test. （ D） Cancer treatment. 32 Medicaid is a program aimed at helping （ A） women. （ B） the poor. （ C） the old （ D） chi
35、ldren. 33 Which of the following kills the most people in the United States? （ A） Accidents. （ B） Heart disease. （ C） Cancer. （ D） Smoking. 34 The national goals for womens health make it easier to （ A） meet womens health needs. （ B） assess the status of womens health. （ C） solve womens health probl
36、ems. （ D） deal with the health care crisis. 35 Which of the following is true? （ A） A comprehensive, long-term approach needs to be taken to meet womens health needs. （ B） The former plan for health is satisfactory. （ C） Judy Waxman was NWLC President for Health. （ D） Womens health problems dont tro
37、uble families. 36 Pushbike Peril Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injureor even killchildren if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars (车把 ). So a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer. Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philad
38、elphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal (腹部的 ) injuries in children in the past 30 years showed that more than a third were ca,used by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures
39、 (对策 )“, she says. By interviewing the Children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct (重建 ;重构 ) many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing
40、them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars, through 90 degrees but their momentum (冲力 ) forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen. The solution the group came up
41、 with is a handgrip(握柄 ) fitted with a spring and damping (制动的 ;减速的 ,缓冲的 ) system. The spring absorbs up to 50 percent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize (使商品化 ) the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But o
42、ur task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem,“ says Arbogast. The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade man-ufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year. 36 Accor
43、ding to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because （ A） they are not noble enough. （ B） they may kill children. （ C） they are likely to crash. （ D） they make the bike move at a low speed. 37 In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries （ A）
44、to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur. （ B） to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents. （ C） to point out what the countermeasures can be. （ D） to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the project. 38 Paragraph 3 mainly discusses （ A） why the children and thei
45、r parents were interviewed. （ B） when the children tom the handlebars through 90 degrees. （ C） what causes the children, to topple over. （ D） how serious injuries occur. 39 The passage implies that （ A） it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. （ B） the team of engineers has
46、not found any countermeasures. （ C） children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed. （ D） a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years. 40 In which of the following ways the new handgrip works? （ A） It call be commercialized. （ B） It reduces the dangerous forces in bicy
47、cle accidents. （ C） It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike. （ D） It changes the direction of the handlebars in all impact. 41 Population Densities The average population density (密度 ) of the world is 47 persons per square mile. Continental densities range from no permanent inhabitants in Antarc
48、tica to 211 per square mile in Europe. In the western hemisphere, population densities range from about 4 per square mile in Canada to 675 per square mile in Puerto Rico. In Europe the range is from 4 per square mile in Iceland to 831 per square mile in the Netherlands. Within countries there are wi
49、de variations of population densities. For example, in Egypt, the average is 55 persons per square mile, but 1,300 person inhabit each square mile in settled portions where the land is arable (适合耕种的 ). High population densities generally occur in regions of developed industrialization, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Great Britain, or where lands are intensively used for agriculture, as in Puerto Rico and Java.Low average population densities are charac
