1、职称英语（卫生类） C级模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We were all there when the accident occurred. （ A） happened （ B） broke （ C） spread （ D） appeared 2 We had a long conversation about her parents. （ A） talk （ B） speech （ C） debate （ D） discussi
2、on 3 Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects. （ A） targeted （ B） distinguished （ C） captured （ D） separated 4 I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking. （ A） simultaneously （ B） almost （ C） absolutely （ D） basically 5 Below 600 feet ocean waters range from
3、dimly lit to completely dark. （ A） inadequately （ B） hardly （ C） faintly （ D） sufficiently 6 The economic reform in Japan has been accelerated. （ A） sped up （ B） put off （ C） slowed down （ D） stopped 7 Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation. （ A） steady （ B） plentiful （ C） extra （ D） meager 8 He
4、was kept in appalling conditions in prison. （ A） dreadful （ B） bad （ C） unpleasant （ D） poor 9 Society is now much more diverse than ever before. （ A） colorful （ B） attractive （ C） flexible （ D） varied 10 Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. （ A） crudely （ B） rarely （ C） origin
5、ally （ D） symbolically 11 Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. （ A） conventionally （ B） obviously （ C） especially （ D） inevitably 12 He had finally achieved success. （ A） reached （ B） reaped （ C） attained （ D） took 13 During his lif
6、etime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune. （ A） control （ B） spend （ C） collect （ D） exchange 14 A physician s sacred duty is to heal the sick. （ A） doctor （ B） professor （ C） physicist （ D） resident 15 Radios are not permitted in the library. （ A） agreed （ B） submitted （ C） admitted （ D） allo
7、wed 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she
8、can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do t
9、o get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we don t slip back into bad habits, let s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didnt live long.
10、 Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets(佝偻病 )and scurvy(坏血病 ), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well. Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept stand
11、ing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down. People didn t have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板 ), blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or ei
12、ght to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆 )(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now. 16 On average women lived longer than men 100 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 People now enjoy longer l
13、ives for unknown reasons. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A hundred years ago many kids died at an early age. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Poor diets can lead to such diseases as rickets and scurvy. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 People in the past preferred s
14、tanding up to lying down when sleeping. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 An Englishman invented the fridge in the 1920s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Life was not easy for many children living 100 years ago. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题
15、 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一 个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Napping to a Healthier Heart? 1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels o
16、f a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients wi
17、th heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 3 The researchers say the presence of high level
18、s of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems lik
19、e diabetes or high blood pressure. 4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person s treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient s chance of a heart attack
20、or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like t
21、he United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults
22、 took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. 6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing st
23、ress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. A. More Questions to Be Asked B. Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP C. Development of a Simple But Important Tes
24、t D. Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease E. How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP F. Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 26 A. where fewer people die from heart problem B. whether they have the risk of hea
25、rt attack, heart failure or stroke C. would probably have lower rates of heart disease D. how to test a person s NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself E. his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way F. that napping is of great benefit to women too 27 According to some researchers, by measu
26、ring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know_. 28 If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_ 29 People who take regular afternoon naps_. 30 So far there have not been definite data to confirm 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 U. S. Eats Too Much Salt
27、 People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday. They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower
28、-salt diet of no more than 1 , 500 mg per day, yet most consume close to 3 , 500 mg per day. “It s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure, “ Dr. Darwi
29、n Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement. “ People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake, “ Labarthe said. The study in CDC s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out
30、of three adults should be consuming no more than 1 , 500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40 which are considered high-risk groups. Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3, 436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 2006 CDC estimate. Most of the sodi
31、um eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply. Nationwide, 16 million men and women have hear
32、t disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said. 31 Too much salt raises one s risk for_. （ A） high blood pressure （ B） heart attacks （ C） strokes （ D） all of the above 32 How much salt do most American adults eat per day?
33、（ A） No more than 1 , 500 mg. （ B） Closer to 3 , 500 mg. （ C） Less than 3 , 436 mg. （ D） Closer to 1, 500 mg. 33 To improve their blood pressure, people should have a diet_. （ A） rich in potassium and sodium （ B） rich in potassium and calcium （ C） rich in calcium and sodium （ D） none of the above 34
34、 The high-risk groups include those_. （ A） who are black （ B） who are over the age of 40 （ C） who are white and young （ D） both A and B 35 Packaged, processed and restaurant foods are known to be_. （ A） cheap （ B） tasty （ C） rich in salt （ D） healthy 35 Common-cold Sense You cant beat it, but you do
35、nt have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because it s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn t have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid gettin
36、g one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They havent had the opportunity to become i
37、mmune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person s hand to your hand and then to your
38、nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap
39、, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you 11 also find some of the folk
40、remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits. 36 According to the essay, you may have a cold because_. （ A） the weather is too cold （ B） the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected （ C） another person s coughing passes the cold to you （ D） you wash
41、your hands too often 37 The best way to keep yourself from getting cold is_. （ A） to keep yourself clean （ B） to use a disinfectant soap （ C） to take two aspirins every day （ D） to drink lots of water 38 Children have more colds because_. （ A） they are usually infected about eight times each year （
42、B） they are not immune to many cold viruses yet （ C） they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty （ D） they don t like eating lemon 39 When you are having a cold, _. （ A） it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time （ B） it may be the same kind of cold that you had las
43、t time （ C） it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time （ D） it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time 40 When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT_. （ A） coughing （ B） sneezing （ C） having a runny nose （ D） having a sto
44、machache 40 Malnutrition “ Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike“ , said Dr. Hiroshi Na-kajima, Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO), in
45、his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome, Italy, from 13 to 17 November, 1996. “At the same time, “he added, “in developing countries today, malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five ye
46、ars of age being underweight, and 230 million being stunted in their growth. Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view. Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern, common justice or development needs, they
47、 demand a response, both from national governments and from international community. “ At the end of January 1996, 98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation, in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition i
48、n Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim. Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than 2, 000 million people lack essential micronutrients, and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and
49、unbalanced diets. In sheer numbers, iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency. Mainly women of reproductionage and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries. Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries. In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired
