1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 13及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960. （ A） published （ B） challenged （ C） acclaimed （ D） guided 2 He was one of the principal organizers of the association. （ A） planners （
2、 B） employees （ C） actors （ D） recipients 3 It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. （ A） challenged （ B） assumed （ C） deducted （ D） decreed 4 This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur. （ A） drying up （
3、 B） dying out （ C） being exported （ D） being transplanted 5 The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. （ A） slow （ B） noisy （ C） sudden （ D） jumpy 6 During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. were allocated by the federal government. （ A） nationalized （
4、B） commandeered （ C） taxed （ D） distributed 7 The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. （ A） very strong （ B） very long （ C） very great （ D） very fast 8 The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered
5、 by many to be more authentically regional than those of Bret Harte. （ A） elegantly （ B） genuinely （ C） intentionally （ D） thoroughly 9 The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. （ A） encouraged （ B） enforced （ C） expected （ D） entitled 10 Formulated in
6、1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization. （ A） stated firmly （ B） argued light-mindedly （ C） thought seriously （ D） announced regrettably 11 Smoking is not permitted in the office. （ A） probable （ B） possible （ C） admitted （ D） allowed 12 The
7、chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting. （ A） stated （ B） declared （ C） suggested （ D） announced 13 I feel regret about whats happened. （ A） sorry （ B） disappointed （ C） shameful （ D） disheartened 14 She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. （ A） lived on （ B） depended on （ C）
8、lived off （ D） believed in 15 John removed his overcoat. （ A） took away （ B） left aside （ C） took off （ D） washed off 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England A moderate earthquak
9、e struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries. “It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-
10、fair ride,“ said the woman. The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake shuck at 8:19 a. m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel. Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the
11、 county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds. “I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,“ said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London. “I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier a
12、nd heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. “ There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake shuck the central Eng
13、land city of Birmingham. The countrys strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Masson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britai
14、n, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning syst
15、em of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum. 16 During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not m
16、entioned 17 The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 France and several other European countrie
17、s sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The countrys strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England
18、sooner or later. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30
19、题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 How We Form First Impression 1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her - aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. 2 The answer is relate
20、d to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously process
21、es incoming sensory information - the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.“ 3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “
22、familiar and safe.“ If you see someone new, it says, “new - potentially threatening.“ Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics,
23、the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person.“ Or else, “Im intrigued.“ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures - like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.“ But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong. 4
24、When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people - their history, interest, values, strengths, and true charac
25、ter - we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a
26、different, more mature style of thinking - and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. 23 A Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B Comment on First Impression C Illustration of First Impression D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories
27、 E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A a strangers less mature type of thinking B the most complex areas of our cortex C the immature form of thinking of a very young child D the
28、meaning of incoming sensory information E the sights and sounds of the world F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 27 Sensory information is one that is perceived through _ 28 You interpret _ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain. 29 The way we stereotyp
29、e people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to _. 30 We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Invisibility Ring Scientists cant yet make an invisibility cloak like the one that Harry Potter uses.
30、 But, for the first time, theyve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and something placed inside it invisible to microwaves. When a person “sees“ an object, his or her eye senses many different waves of visible light as they bounce off the object. The eye and brain then work toget
31、her to organize these sensations and reconstruct the objects original shape. So, to make an object invisible, scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it. And they have to make sure the object casts no shadow. Otherwise, the absence of reflected light on one side would give the object away. I
32、nvisibility isnt possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see. But it is now possible with microwaves. Like visible light, microwaves are a form of radiant energy. They are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which also includes radio waves, infrared light, ultraviolet rays, X rays,
33、 and gamma rays. The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter than those of radio waves but longer than those of visible light. The scientists new “invisibility device“ is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like a ring. The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability. When microwaves st
34、rike the ring, very few bounce off it. Instead, they pass through the ring, which bends the waves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. The waves then return to their original paths. To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring, it looks as if the waves n
35、ever changed their paths - as if there were no object in the way ! So, the ring is effectively invisible. When the researchers put a small copper loop inside the ring, it, too, is nearly invisible. However, the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow. And the device works only f
36、or microwaves, not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation. So, Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet. 31 Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientists （ A） can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses. （ B） try to make
37、 an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses. （ C） try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses. （ D） know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind. 32 What is true of microwaves? （ A） Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light. （ B）
38、Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. （ C） They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy. （ D） They axe visible to the human eye. 33 What is NOT true of the invisibility device? （ A） It is made of a special material with unusual ability. （ B） Microwav
39、es bounce off it when they strike it. （ C） Microwaves pass through it when they strike it. （ D） It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side. 34 What does the word “coaster“ mean in the passage? （ A） A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table to
40、p. （ B） A vessel engaged in coastal trade. （ C） A roller coaster. （ D） A resident of a coastal area. 35 Harry Potters invisibility cloak doesnt have any real competition yet, because （ A） scientists have not found out how his cloak works. （ B） the cloaking device is a total failure. （ C） the cloakin
41、g device works only for microwaves. （ D） the cloaking device works only for visible light. 36 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers A concept car developed by Japanese Company Nissan has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over-tired drivers
42、off the road. The cars sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a drivers sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even leek up the ignition system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passeng
43、er seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the drivers palm. Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example, Swedens Volvo has developed a breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start. Niss
44、ans new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring theft eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest. The car technology is still in development, bu
45、t general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. “For example, if the gear-shift sensor was bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used,“ Doi sa
46、ys. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015. The cars seat belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its
47、lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be improved. “If you drink one beer, its going to register, so we need to study whats the appropriate level for the system to activate,“ he says. In the UK, some research groups are using similar
48、advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs. 36 Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept car? （ A） It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drank. （ B） It has sensors that detect traces of al
49、cohol inside the car. （ C） It has sensors locked up in the ignition system. （ D） It has a breathalyzer-like detection system. 37 What has Volvo developed? （ A） The same detection system mentioned in the previous paragraph. （ B） A breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt. （ C） A smart car seat belt. （ D） An intelligent engine. 38 What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4 ? （ A） It monitors the drivers eyes to see if he need
