1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 21及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 At first glance, a forest appears to be a haphazard collection of trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers. （ A） random （ B） total （ C） graded （ D） natural 2 Leaves are not distributed accidental
2、ly on a plant stem, but are arranged in a very precise way that assures them the maximum light. （ A） dangerously （ B） densely （ C） randomly （ D） linearly 3 Medieval cities grew rapidly when they had harbors nearby. （ A） merchants （ B） castles （ C） suburbs （ D） ports 4 Because of harsh weather condit
3、ions, more than a dozen states in the United States were declared disaster areas in 1977. （ A） severe （ B） bizarre （ C） moist （ D） improbable 5 The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen and before they turn black. （ A） preserved （ B） squeezed （ C） gathered （
4、 D） sorted 6 Modern nursing practices not only hasten the recovery of the sick but also promote better health through preventive medicine. （ A） permit （ B） determine （ C） accelerate （ D） accompany 7 In the eighteenth century the heading of “natural philosophy” encompassed all of the sciences. （ A） c
5、ategory （ B） teachings （ C） ideology （ D） leaders 8 Because of Delawares lenient laws regarding business incorporation, many companies have their headquarters in the states largest city, Wilmington. （ A） production plants （ B） home offices （ C） sales representatives （ D） chemical laboratories 9 The
6、members of Aaron Burrs family were noted for their passionate and headstrong temperament. （ A） intellectual （ B） stubborn （ C） witty （ D） steadfast 10 If roundworms are removed from the soil and placed in a liquid, they thrash helplessly around. （ A） carelessly （ B） tirelessly （ C） powerlessly （ D）
7、heartlessly 11 Due to the tilt of Neptunes axis, the Sun heats the planets northern and southern hemispheres unequally. （ A） climates （ B） halves （ C） atmospheres （ D） contours 12 Compared with large aircraft, small airplanes are not as streamlined and hence are less efficient. （ A） at a glance （ B）
8、 to a measurable degree （ C） in most cases （ D） as a result 13 Sedimentary rocks cover much of the Earths surface, but they are often hidden by a thin veneer of soil. （ A） concealed （ B） eroded （ C） protected （ D） softened 14 To cool itself, a rhinoceros soaks in mud or water because its thick hide
9、has no sweat glands. （ A） skin （ B） tongue （ C） horn （ D） trunk 15 Charles Wheelers paintings often highlight the sharp edges and geometrical shapes of machines. （ A） extend （ B） emphasize （ C） distort （ D） soften 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该
10、句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Fermi Problem On a Monday morning in July, the worlds first atom bomb exploded in the New Mexico desert. Forty seconds later, the shock waves reached the base camp where the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi and his team stood. After a mental calculation
11、, Fermi announced to his team that the bombs energy had equated 10,000 tons of TNT. The bomb team was impressed, but not surprised. Fermis genius was known throughout the scientific world. In 1938 he had won a Nobel Prize. Four years later he produced the first nuclear chain reaction, leading us int
12、o the nuclear age. Since Fermis death in 1954, no physicist has been at once a master experimentalist and a leading theoretician. Like all virtuosos, Fermi had a distinctive style. He preferred the most direct route to an answer. He was very good at dividing difficult problems into small, manageable
13、 bitstalent we all can use in our daily lives. To develop this talent in his students. Fermi would suggest a type of question now known as a Fermi problem. Upon first hearing one of these, you havent the remotest notion of the answer, and you feel certain that too little information had been given t
14、o solve it. Yet when the problem is broken into sub-problems, each answerable without the help of experts or books, you can come close to the exact solution. Suppose you want to determine Earths circumference without looking it up. Everyone knows that New York and Los Angeles are about 3,000 miles a
15、part and that the time difference between them is three hours. Three hours is one eighth of a day, and a day is the time it takes the planet to complete one rotation, so its circumference must be eight times 3,000 or 24,000 miles. This answer differs from the true value, 24,902.45 miles, by less tha
16、n four percent. Ultimately the value of dealing with everyday problems the way Fermi did lies in the rewards of making independent discoveries and inventions: It doesnt matter whether the discovery is as important as determining the power of an atom or as small as measuring the distance between New
17、York and Los Angeles. Looking up the answer, or letting someone else find it, deprives you of the pleasure and pride that accompany creativity, and deprives you of an experience that builds up self-confidence. Thus, approaching personal dilemmas as Fermi problems can become a habit that enriches you
18、r life. 16 Fermis team was impressed by Fermis announcement in the base camp because he could even work out the power of the atom bomb in his mind. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Fermi, an experimentalist as well as a theoretician, won a Nobel Prize for producing the first nuclear chain
19、 reaction in the world. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Dividing a big problem into small problems is a talent Fermi had and a talent that has practical value in life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Fermi problem is to develop the talent of breaking a seemingly unanswerable
20、problem into sub-problems and finding the solution to it, which is a typical Fermi problem. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Then the fourth paragraph tells us how Fermi solved the problem of earths circumference without looking up. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The last par
21、agraph concludes the whole writing by stressing the value of important inventions and small discoveries. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Fermi was famous for inventing a device to calculate bombs energy accurately. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8
22、分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Earthquake Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a n
23、arrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from land-slides or major fi
24、res which are initiated by the quake. There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs fr
25、om quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continenta
26、l drift. In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working an ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will
27、enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be the signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviours of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of
28、rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen. 23 A. Earthquakes Forecast B. Historical Records of Earthquakes C. Intensities of Earthquakes D. Cause of Earthquakes E. Indications of Earthquakes F. Damaging Earthquakes 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Pa
29、ragraph 5 _ 27 A. by the quake itself B. not be prevented C. to cause damage of property and loss of lives D. of a possible earthquake E. the unusual behaviors of some animals F. the strong behaviors of human beings 27 Not all damage during an earthquake is caused_. 28 Not all earthquakes are strong
30、 enough_. 29 Scientists have been working hard to warn people_. 30 Earthquakes can be predicted by observing_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 A New Finding British cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of
31、 cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemianot the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. “Childhood l
32、eukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection,” said Sir Richard Doll, an internationallyknown cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from lar
33、ge towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection.” Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern Engl
34、and. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been pre
35、dicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are i
36、ncomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,” Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer
37、epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease. 31 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?_ （ A） Leo Kinlen. （ B） Richard Doll. （ C） Louise Parker. （ D） Heather Dicki
38、nson. 32 Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings? _ （ A） Radiation has contributed to the disease. （ B） Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia. （ C） Population mixing is the most important reaso
39、n for leukaemia cluster. （ D） Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection. 33 According to the passage, which of the following is true?_ （ A） Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors. （ B） Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia. （ C）
40、 Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia. （ D） Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia. 34 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_. （ A） medical journal （ B） research institute （ C） private company （ D） governmental agency 35 This passage is mainly about_. （ A
41、） the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part （ B） the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemia （ C） the causes of childhood leukaemia （ D） a new finding by British scientists 35 Mobile Phone and Diseases A study by scientists in Finland has found that mob
42、ile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said, But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克 ), said more research was needed to determine the seriousness
43、of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body. The study at Finlands Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said. “We know that there is some b
44、iological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said. Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Diff
45、erentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brains protective shield against harmful substances. The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents
46、 potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said. The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the
47、 shield more permeable(能透过的 ), he said. “Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrinknot the blood vessels but the cells themselvesand then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass.” he said. Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health
48、 risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result. “These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimers disease. “Where the
49、truth is do not know,” he said. Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use. 36 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect ones health? _ （ A） Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable. （ B）
