1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Probability is the mathematical study of the likelihood of an events occurrence. （ A） predictability （ B） fallibility （ C） desirability （ D） undeniability 2 Students working toward a degre
2、e in business are likely candidates for careers in the banking industry. （ A） lively （ B） friendly （ C） promising （ D） sophisticated 3 Twins do not always display a noticeable likeness. （ A） compatibility （ B） sensitivity （ C） fondness （ D） resemblance 4 In 1845 Sarah Mather invented a submarine tel
3、escope that could be used to locate and study underwater objects. （ A） illuminate （ B） raise （ C） find （ D） examine 5 For some animals, locomotionis accomplished by changes in body shape. （ A） evolution （ B） movement （ C） survival （ D） escape 6 Youth hostels provide inexpensive lodging for young peo
4、ple throughout the United States and in other countries. （ A） clothes （ B） entertainment （ C） transportation （ D） accommodations 7 South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined. （ A） profitably （ B） safely （ C） easily （ D） extensively 8 When the United
5、States stock market fell in 1929, many stockholders were forced to sell their shares at ludicrously low prices. （ A） predictably （ B） relatively （ C） suspiciously （ D） ridiculously 9 Frostbitten fingers and toes should be treated with lukewarm water. （ A） frigid （ B） tepid （ C） boiling （ D） steamy 1
6、0 Georgia OKeeffes best-known paintings are those in which she magnified flowers or animal skulls to fill the picture. （ A） enlarged （ B） dissected （ C） duplicated （ D） glorified 11 The ship left New York on her maiden voyage. （ A） first （ B） final （ C） fast （ D） famous 12 The shrapnel maimed the yo
7、ung soldier. （ A） endangered （ B） slanted （ C） crippled （ D） embarrassed 13 National forests make money for the government through the sale of trees for lumber. （ A） earn （ B） print （ C） trade （ D） borrow 14 The value of a particular variety of clay for pottery is related to its mineralogical and ch
8、emical makeup. （ A） reactions （ B） attraction （ C） charts （ D） composition 15 Materials such as clay, wax, glass, and rubber are widely used in industry today because they are malleable. （ A） easy to manufacture （ B） readily available （ C） pliable （ D） buoyant 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出
9、了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Consumer Goods Consumer products are goods and services destined for the final consumer for personal, family, or household use. Consumer goods were first classified about 65 years ago by Melvin T. Copeland. His th
10、ree-category system of convenience, shopping and specialty goods is widely employed today. The system is based on shoppers awareness of alternative products and their characteristics prior to the shopping trip and the degree of search shoppers will undertake. It is important to recognize that placin
11、g a product into one of these categories depends on the shoppers behavior. Convenience goods are those purchased with a minimum of effort, because the buyer has knowledge of product characteristics prior to shopping. The consumer does not want to search for additional information (because the item h
12、as been bought before) and will accept a substitute rather than have to frequent more than one store. Convenience goods can be subdivided into staples, impulse goods, and emergency goods. Staples are low-priced items that are routinely purchased on a regular basis, such as detergent, milk, and cerea
13、l. Impulse goods are items that the consumer does not plan to buy on a specific trip to a store, such as candy, a magazine, and ice cream. Emergency goods are items purchased out of urgent need, such as an umbrella during a rainstorm a tire to replace a flat, or aspirin for a headache. Shopping good
14、s are those for which consumers lack sufficient information about product alternatives and their attributes, and therefore must acquire further knowledge in order to make a purchase decision. For attribute-based shopping goods, consumers get information about and then evaluate product features, warr
15、anty, performance, options, and other factors. The good with the best combination of attributes is purchased. Sony electronics and Calvin Klein clothes are marketed as attribute-based shopping goods. For price-based shopping goods, consumers judge product attributes to be similar and look around for
16、 the least expensive item/store. Consumers will exert effort in searching for information, because shopping goods are bought infrequently. Goldstar electronics and store-brand clothes are marketed as price-based shopping goods. Specialty goods are those to which consumers are brand loyal. They are f
17、ully aware of these products and their attributes prior to making a purchase decision. They are willing to make a significant purchase effort to acquire the brand desired and will pay a higher price than competitive products, if necessary. For specialty goods, consumers will not make purchases if th
18、eir brand is not available. Substitutes are not acceptable. 16 Shoppers characteristics were one of the determinants of Melvin T. Copelands classification of consumer goods. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Some goods are classified as convenience goods because they can be bought with lit
19、tle efforts. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The consumer goods one purchases on impulse are always sold at a low price. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Before making the final decision of whether or not to buy shopping goods, a customer has to visit various shops to gather i
20、nformation. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Attribute-based shopping goods are more expensive than price-based goods. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 For price-based shopping goods, consumers do not care about their quality. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Special
21、ty goods are similar to convenience goods in that people know the products very well prior to their shopping trip. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Adult Edu
22、cation Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something*which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job traini
23、ng, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding ,or develop new talents and skills. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collective
24、ly in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving fro
25、m rural areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adul
26、t school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Ph People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult
27、 population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. 23 A. Necessity for developing adult education B. Early days of adult education C. Way
28、s of receiving adult education D. Growth of adult education E. Institutions of adult education F. Definition of adult education 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. by social and economic changes B. guided self-study and correspondence courses C. by studying toge
29、ther with children D. what they did not manage to learn earlier E. dates hack to the eighteenth century F. mass production 27 Some adults want to learn_. 28 There are various forms of adult education, including_. 29 Adult education has been made necessary_. 30 The earliest organized adult education_
30、. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Culture, Language and Equality Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, belief and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivil
31、ized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped form of spee
32、ch, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most
33、 severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind the Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which re
34、flect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adaptin
35、g them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some language
36、s of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or the person addressed, or remote from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future. This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to viewed indepe
37、ndently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy. 31 The author uses “backward” here to indicate that_. （ A） backward languages are connected with backward groups （ B） backward languages are connected with backward cultures （ C） backward languages are moving forward （ D） there is no such thing as bac
38、kward languages 32 The example of American Indian languages in the passage is to illustrate that_. （ A） American Indian languages are not backward （ B） “backward” languages are borrowing from other languages （ C） “backward” languages may possess quite complicated vocabularies （ D） Western languages
39、may also borrow from “backward” languages 33 According to the author, “backward” languages tend to expand in_. （ A） grammatical structures （ B） vocabularies （ C） complication （ D） sound patterns 34 Judging from the passage, the author might be_. （ A） an American Indian （ B） a Canadian （ C） an Africa
40、n （ D） a Japanese 35 The best title for this passage is_. （ A） Criticism of Language Hierarchy （ B） Cultural Englitarian from the Perspectives of Language （ C） Expansion of “Backward” Language （ D） Criticism of Language Hierarchy 35 The Development of PR The rise of multinational corporations, globa
41、l marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other
42、 countries. Ten years age, for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their cor
43、porate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not belong before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? Firstly, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local af
44、fairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, American lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Bur son-Marshalls U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same
45、percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their
46、 counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used o
47、n CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign. 36 According to the passage, U.S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because of_. （ A） shrinking cultural differen
48、ces and new communication technologies （ B） increased efforts of other countries in public relations （ C） an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies （ D） the decreasing number of multinational corporations technologies 37 The underlined word “provincial” (Para.3) most proba
49、bly means“_”. （ A） rigid in thinking （ B） interested in world financial affairs （ C） like people from the provinces （ D） limited in outlook 38 London could soon replace New York as the centre of PR because_. （ A） British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companies （ B） British companies are heavily involved in planning activities （ C） British companies are more ambitious than U. S. （ D） Four of the
